Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant regulator reported as a mitigator of water deficit in plants, however without a recommendation for use in field conditions. Thus, this research aims to validate the use of SA under field conditions in regions with low water availability. For that, we evaluated CO₂ assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (g_s), transpiration (E), water use efficiency (WUE), and carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci) at 15, 30, and 45 days of continuous stress water deficit, as well as the application of salicylic acid (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 mM) in tomato plants subjected to continuous water deficit (45 days), in two years (2019 and 2020). The water deficit reduced the A, g_s, E and A/Ci, while the foliar application of SA increased these parameters in all evaluated times, resulting in similar or even higher values than in plants without water deficit. Water deficit caused floral abortion in tomato plants, without the application of SA, reducing the number of fruit production. In contrast, plants that received about 1.3 mM of SA increased A and A/Ci and translocated the photo-assimilates, mainly to flowers and fruits, reducing floral abortion and increasing fruit production. Thus, foliar application of SA was efficient in mitigating the deleterious effects of water deficit in tomato plants regarding the gas exchange and fruit production.

O tomateiro é uma das plantas mais exigentes no elemento potássio (K), sendo o correto fornecimento do nutriente decisivo para o sucesso da atividade. Na produção orgânica do fruto, as adubações potássicas são especialmente complexas. No Brasil, o cenário não ajuda o produtor de tomate orgânico, a maioria dos insumos certificados apresentam baixo teor ou solubilidade de K, e, em muitos casos, baixa resposta à adubação. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a produtividade e qualidade de frutos de tomate italiano submetidos a adubação potássica com três fontes de uso liberado na agricultura orgânica. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por dois sulfatos de potássio certificados (Polivida e Allganic) e um resíduo orgânico da indústria de pó de café (película de café), nas doses de 500 e 700 kg ha-1 de K2O, totalmente no plantio ou dividido em plantio mais três coberturas. Foram avaliadas a taxa de sobrevivência das mudas, a produção (número e massa) e a qualidade (taxa de frutos ocos e cheios e sólidos solúveis totais) de frutos. Os resultados mostram ausência de diferença estatística entre os tratamentos tanto para produção como qualidade (taxa de frutos ocos, cheios e sólidos solúveis totais) dos frutos. No entanto, os tratamentos com película de café necessitaram de replantio de mudas nos primeiros 14 dias após o transplantio, elevando os custos de cultivo.

There are researches with calcium to produce the cauliflower inflorescence, but for seeds production no studies were found, this element is fundamental for the fixation of the floral buds and in the production and quality of seeds. The objective was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of calcium on different phenological stages of cauliflower plants in seed production and quality. Eleven treatments were evaluated, varying the number (1 to 4) of calcium (6 g L-1 of calcium chloride) applications and the phenological stages (E1 = floral stem with 30 cm length, E2 = opening of the first flowers; E3 = formation of first siliques; E4 = 50% of silique formed), resulting: T1 = control without application of Ca; T2 = E1; T3 = E1 + E2; T4 = E1 + E2 + E3; T5 = E1 + E2 + E3 + E4; T6 = E2; T7 = E2 + E3; T8 = E2 + E3 + E4; T9 = E3; T10 = E3 + E4; T11 = E4. The results showed a higher seed production per plant in treatments T10 (E3 + E4) and T11 (E4) with 42 and 48 g per plant, and a higher number of seeds per plant, with 12,379 and 12,978, respectively, compared to the control (T1): 23 g and 5,725 seeds per plant. Calcium applications in different phenological stages did not influence the physiological quality (germination and vigor) of cauliflower seeds of cultivar 'Piracicaba Precoce'. Application of these treatments in other cultivars is promising for further studies.

As plantas condimentares estão presentes no cotidiano e possuem uma grande aceitação no mundo devido ao gosto requintado e aroma diferenciado, tornando os pratos mais apetitosos e nutritivos. Além das propriedades organolépticas, possuem também propriedades funcionais que realçam a sua importância na alimentação. Tendo em vista a importância dos condimentos, o presente estudo buscou descrever por meio de materiais científicos as propriedades funcionais e organolépticas das principais plantas condimentares. Foi elaborado a partir de uma revisã o da literatura acerca das propriedades funcionais e organolépticas dos condimentos orégano (Origanum vulgare), pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrum), urucum (Bixa orellana), gengibre (Zingiber officinale), tomilho (Thymus vulgaris) e manjericão (Ocimum basilicum). A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Google Scholar, Periódicos Capes, Scielo e ScienceDirect englobando o período entre 1984 e 2019, realizando uma análise da adequabilidade do conteúdo ao tema proposto, compilação dos dados e posterior reunião por tópicos específicos e fichamento das informações e referências respeitando a fidelidade dos originais. Deste modo, após a seleção com base no referencial bibliográfico, foi realizada uma análise multivariada da variância, onde foi atribuído pontuação 1 para presença da função ou do composto secundário ou especializado, e 0 para ausência , a seguir submetidos à análise quimiométrica por meio do software estatístico gratuito Metabo Analyst (4.0). Concluiu-se através dessa revisão que para as propriedades funcionais, o urucum tem características em comum com a pimenta -do-reino, ambos podendo ser utilizados quando o objetivo é principalmente a obtenção de condimentos com propriedades anticonvulsivantes. Já para as propriedades organolépticas, manjericão e orégano assemelham -se, possuindo metabólitos em comum.

Producing seeds in the organic production system still requires a lot of information regarding the fertilization and nutritional requirements. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the dry mass and macronutrient accumulation curve in lettuce for seed production, aiming at cultivation in an organic system. The treatments consisted of two phosphorus doses (320 and 800 kg ha⁻¹ of P₂O₅, Yoorin^® thermophosphate source). The crisp lettuce plants, cultivar Solaris, were collected at eight stages (0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, and 98 days after transplanting—DAT) for an analysis of the proposed characteristics. A nonlinear sigmoid regression curve was fitted and the results demonstrated continuous plant growth, accompanied by a gradual increase in dry matter throughout the experimental period, regardless of the phosphorus dose studied. The vegetative part of the lettuce plant shows slow initial growth, followed by acceleration up to the beginning of flowering (70 DAT), and stabilization after this period. The reproductive part of the lettuce plant begins to grow from 56 DAT, increasing the daily nutrient demand until the end of the seed maturation and harvest at 98 DAT. The dose of 800 kg ha⁻¹ of P₂O₅, the lettuce plant accumulated 1527.7, 308.2, 2922.6, 1658.4, 416.0, and 197.6 mg per plant of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. The dose of 320 kg ha⁻¹ of P₂O₅, the lettuce plant accumulated 1743.1, 256.9, 2575.7, 1210.2, 358.8, and 185.5 mg per plant of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. The greatest demand for nutrients in the plant occurred between 55 and 88 DAT.

Lettuce is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world, with significant global economic relevance. Furthermore, the demand for organic products today is considerably higher than in the past, causing changes in the production methods, such as the sources of fertilizer. Several nutrients are limiting for the development of lettuce when deficient in the soil, among them phosphorus stands out. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two organic sources of phosphorus at different doses on the production of red-leaf lettuce in an organic farming system. The plants used were from the cultivar Scarlet (Sakata^®), transplanted and placed in 12 L plastic pots in a greenhouse, with 10 treatments being carried out in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme. Yoorin Thermophosphate and Bone Meal were tested at doses of 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 kg ha^-1 of P₂O₅. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications. Bone Meal resulted in plants with higher dry matter weight and plant circumference but lower values for plant height and leaf width. Doses above the recommended (400 kg ha^-1 of P₂O₅ according to the literature for soils with low phosphorus content: 6 mg dm^-3), regardless of the source, resulted in an increase in the values of the characteristics evaluated, but, with a decrease in the increases as high was the dose, except for the number of leaves where the increase was linear. Yoorin Thermophosphate resulted in plants with higher phosphorus content.