Climate variability and extremes, together with soil degradation, water scarcity, and unstable yields, pose major challenges to global food security and progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN). This review synthesises evidence on integrated and sustainable farming practices that jointly improve soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, water-use efficiency (WUE), agricultural productivity, and resilience to climate shocks. Peer-reviewed literature was identified, screened, and analysed following PRISMA guidelines. The selected studies were classified into four thematic categories: (C1) soil protection and soil health enhancement, (C2) erosion control and water management, (C3) productivity and economic viability, and (C4) emerging digital and technology-driven frameworks. Across agro-ecological settings, conservation tillage, cover cropping, mulching, green manuring, vermicomposting, and biochar application increased SOC stocks and improved soil structure by 10–30% over multi-year periods. Water-management and erosion-control interventions, including contour farming, terracing, mulching, hydrogel application, and optimised irrigation, reduced runoff and soil loss while improving WUE by 15–40%. Diversified and integrated production systems improved yield stability (typically ~ 15–25%) and sand increased yield relative to conventional monocropping. The synthesized comparisons indicate that integrated practice bundles deliver the highest mean gains across core indicators (≈ 25% SOC, ≈ 35% WUE, and ≈ 28% yield over conventional baselines), whereas single-cluster strategies produce more targeted improvements. Adoption remains constrained by upfront costs, infrastructure and training gaps, and uneven policy support. These findings underline the value of integrated practice bundles for advancing SDGs 2, 6, 13 and 15 and LDN targets, and for designing context-specific climate-smart farming systems.

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the design and optimization of capacitive pressure sensors (CPSs) for their integration into capacitive touch buttons in electronic applications. Using the Finite Element Method (FEM), various geometries of dielectric layers were meticulously modeled and analyzed for their capacitive and sensitivity parameters. The flexible elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as a diaphragm, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a flexible material that acts as a dielectric medium. The Design of Experiment (DoE) techniques, aided by statistical analysis, were employed to identify the optimal geometric shapes of the CPS model. From the prediction using the DoE approach, it is observed that the cylindrical-shaped dielectric medium has better sensitivity. Using this optimal configuration, the CPS was further examined across a range of dielectric layer thicknesses to determine the capacitance, stored electrical energy, displacement, and stress levels at uniform pressures ranging from 0 to 200 kPa. Employing a 0.1 mm dielectric layer thickness yields heightened sensitivity and capacitance values, which is consistent with theoretical efforts. At a pressure of 200 kPa, the sensor achieves a maximum capacitance of 33.3 pF, with a total stored electric energy of 15.9 × 10⁻¹² J and 0.468 pF/Pa of sensitivity for 0.1 dielectric thickness. These findings underscore the efficacy of the proposed CPS model for integration into capacitive touch buttons in electronic devices and e-skin applications, thereby offering promising advancements in sensor technology.

Polymer and ceramic-based composites offer a unique blend of desirable traits for improving dielectric permittivity. This study employs an empirical approach to estimate the dielectric permittivity of composite materials and uses a finite element model to understand the effects of permittivity and filler concentration on mechanical and electrical properties. The empirical model combines the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) and Bruggeman models to estimate the effective permittivity using Barium Titanate (BT) and Calcium Copper Titanate Oxide (CCTO) as ceramic fillers dispersed in a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer matrix. Results indicate that the permittivity of the composite improves with increased filler content, with CCTO/PDMS emerging as the superior combination for capacitive applications. Capacitance and energy storage in the CCTO/PDMS composite material reached 900 nF and 450 nJ, respectively, with increased filler content. Additionally, increased pressure on the capacitive model with varied filler content showed promising effects on mechanical properties. The interaction between BT filler and the polymer matrix significantly altered the electrical properties of the model, primarily depending on the composite’s permittivity. This study provides comprehensive insights into the effects of varied filler concentrations on estimating mechanical and electrical properties, aiding in the development of real-world pressure-based capacitive models.

This study investigated the enhancement of the mechanical and tribological properties of MWCNT-reinforced bio-based epoxy composites through systematic experiments and analysis. Composites incorporating MWCNTs at varying weight percentages were evaluated for hardness, wear rate, interfacial shear strength, and friction coefficient under diverse load, sliding speed, and distance conditions. An optimal MWCNT content of 0.3–0.4% resulted in a maximum hardness of 4 GPa and a minimum wear rate of 0.0058 mm³/N·m, demonstrating a substantial improvement over the non-reinforced system. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed robust interfacial bonding between the MWCNTs and epoxy matrix, while molecular dynamics simulations revealed cohesive energy density and stress distribution profiles. The Taguchi optimization identified the MWCNT weight percentage as the most influential parameter, contributing over 85% to wear rate reduction. Contour plots and correlograms further illustrate the parameter interdependencies, emphasizing the role of MWCNT dispersion in enhancing the composite properties. These findings establish that MWCNT-reinforced bio-based epoxy composites are promising candidates for high-performance and sustainable tribological applications.

Land degradation, caused by pollution, salinization, erosion, and nutrient loss, undermines food security, the resilience of climate systems, and the health of ecosystems. This review provides an assessment of distinct advanced techniques used for soil remediation which include chemical, biological, physical, integrated, and nano remediation. Some chemical methods like gypsum reclamation, electrokinetic remediation, and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) focus on the mobilization and breakdown of contaminants, achieving high removal efficiencies epitomized by heavy metals and organics. Other methods, such as phytoremediation, bioaugmentation, and mycoremediation, enhance soil fertility and employ restorational biology while inventive methods like Microbially-Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) bolster soil strength. Some of the physical processes are soil flushing and thermal desorption which can efficiently remove pollutants, but energy costs are high. Integrated techniques, notably the application of biochar and electro-bioremediation, demonstrate synergistic enhancement with soil structure and bioremediation performance. Nano-remediation provides unparalleled efficiency for pollutant removal but using nano-zero valent iron (nZVI), nanoclays, and graphene oxide (GO) poses unchartered ecological threats. From the comparison, it is clear that the sustainable remedial approach requires a multifaceted hybrid methodology tailored to the specific site conditions.

Dielectric materials are key elements in modern electronic applications such as sensors, actuators and communication systems. This review consolidates the importance of dielectric polarisation effects, dielectric parameters, synthesis methods, matrix–filler interactions and emerging applications based on dielectric composite materials. This study provides a structured overview by identifying critical aspects of dielectric research, with emphasis on polarisation behaviour, synthesis approaches and practical applications. The interaction of electronic materials produces different polarisation effects that help in evaluating the dielectric nature of composites. A major factor in dielectric materials is the influence of energy storage capability with minimal electric field loss. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) flow has been used to identify keywords and consolidate the most influential parameters of dielectric systems. Metallic, ceramic and carbon‐based fillers are highly promising for tailoring the properties of dielectric composites. Recent studies have focused on the effects of the matrix, filler type, frequency, dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss. Furthermore, different synthesis methods are discussed in a simplified manner, highlighting the potential of advanced approaches, such as printing technologies, for preparing dielectric composites. Some composite systems demonstrate property tailoring according to research needs, offering reduced dielectric losses and improved permittivity for enhanced energy storage. Overall, dielectric composites have emerged as highly promising candidates for future applications, potentially as replacements for conventional dielectric materials.