The fast development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology in recent years has supported connections of numerous smart things along with sensors and established seamless data exchange between them, so it leads to a stringy requirement for data analysis and data storage platform such as cloud computing and fog computing. Healthcare is one of the application domains in IoT that draws enormous interest from industry, the research community, and the public sector. The development of IoT and cloud computing is improving patient safety, staff satisfaction, and operational efficiency in the medical industry. This survey is conducted to analyze the latest IoT components, applications, and market trends of IoT in healthcare, as well as study current development in IoT and cloud computing-based healthcare applications since 2015. We also consider how promising technologies such as cloud computing, ambient assisted living, big data, and wearables are being applied in the healthcare industry and discover various IoT, e-health regulations and policies worldwide to determine how they assist the sustainable development of IoT and cloud computing in the healthcare industry. Moreover, an in-depth review of IoT privacy and security issues, including potential threats, attack types, and security setups from a healthcare viewpoint is conducted. Finally, this paper analyzes previous well-known security models to deal with security risks and provides trends, highlighted opportunities, and challenges for the IoT-based healthcare future development.

Land-area classification (LAC) research offers a promising avenue to address the intricacies of urban planning, agricultural zoning, and environmental monitoring, with a specific focus on urban areas and their complex land usage patterns. The potential of LAC research is significantly propelled by advancements in high-resolution satellite imagery and machine learning strategies, particularly the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Accurate LAC is paramount for informed urban development and effective land management. Traditional remote-sensing methods encounter limitations in precisely classifying dynamic and complex urban land areas. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the application of transfer learning with Inception-v3 and DenseNet121 architectures to establish a reliable LAC system for identifying urban land use classes. Leveraging transfer learning with these models provided distinct advantages, as it allows the LAC system to benefit from pre-trained features on large datasets, enhancing model generalization and performance compared to starting from scratch. Transfer learning also facilitates the effective utilization of limited labeled data for fine-tuning, making it a valuable strategy for optimizing model accuracy in complex urban land classification tasks. Moreover, we strategically employ fine-tuned versions of Inception-v3 and DenseNet121 networks, emphasizing the transformative impact of these architectures. The fine-tuning process enables the model to leverage pre-existing knowledge from extensive datasets, enhancing its adaptability to the intricacies of LC classification. By aligning with these advanced techniques, our research not only contributes to the evolution of remote-sensing methodologies but also underscores the paramount importance of incorporating cutting-edge methodologies, such as fine-tuning and the use of specific network architectures, in the continual enhancement of LC classification systems. Through experiments conducted on the UC-Merced_LandUse dataset, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving remarkable results, including 92% accuracy, 93% recall, 92% precision, and a 92% F1-score. Moreover, employing heatmap analysis further elucidates the decision-making process of the models, providing insights into the classification mechanism. The successful application of CNNs in LAC, coupled with heatmap analysis, opens promising avenues for enhanced urban planning, agricultural zoning, and environmental monitoring through more accurate and automated land-area classification.

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) describe an emerging generative model which has made impressive progress in the last few years in generating photorealistic facial images. As the result, it has become more and more difficult to differentiate between computer-generated and real face images, even with the human’s eyes. If the generated images are used with the intent to mislead and deceive readers, it would probably cause severe ethical, moral, and legal issues. Moreover, it is challenging to collect a dataset for computer-generated face identification that is large enough for research purposes because the number of realistic computer-generated images is still limited and scattered on the internet. Thus, a development of a novel decision support system for analyzing and detecting computer-generated face images generated by the GAN network is crucial. In this paper, we propose a customized convolutional neural network, namely CGFace, which is specifically designed for the computer-generated face detection task by customizing the number of convolutional layers, so it performs well in detecting computer-generated face images. After that, an imbalanced framework (IF-CGFace) is created by altering CGFace’s layer structure to adjust to the imbalanced data issue by extracting features from CGFace layers and use them to train AdaBoost and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). Next, we explain the process of generating a large computer-generated dataset based on the state-of-the-art PCGAN and BEGAN model. Then, various experiments are carried out to show that the proposed model with augmented input yields the highest accuracy at 98%. Finally, we provided comparative results by applying the proposed CNN architecture on images generated by other GAN researches.