Surface water pattern changes in terms of quantity and directions is caused by many hydrological hazards such as flooding. Rapid urbanization in Kuala Lumpur has destroyed urban forest trees as the most valuable urban green infrastructure (UGI). Then surface, vegetation changes and land transformation, concrete roads, covered roofs, and climate changes impacts changed the water pattern and hydrological system in Kuala Lumpur. Satellite data used to collect data from 1990 and 2021 to show how significant has been these changes. To demonstrate the spatial and temporal changes of hydrological changes in Kuala Lumpur The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) applied for a 30 years assessment. Remote sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have helped us detect dynamic changes on the Earth's surface. The mean NDWI of one year was calculated in this study using Kuala Lumpur NDWI from 1990/01/01 to 1990/12/30. The extracted image is larger than the study area and extends beyond Kuala Lumpur's city limits. This image only detected water bodies on the surface of Kuala Lumpur, which is represented in grey or white, such as lakes, rivers, ponds, or any degree of wetness. Because urban forest covered more than 15% of Kuala Lumpur in 1990, surface water was naturally controlled and saved by forest tree and forest soil. Image data for 2021 was taken from Landsat 8, which uses different bands and the same algorithm to visualize NDWI based on the availability of satellite data. The data was averaged over a one-year period between 2021/01/01 to 2021/12/30; as a result, the NDWI in Kuala Lumpur was depicted using the same algorithm from Landsat 8 with different bands. The researchers discovered that urban surface water bodies have increased over the last 30 years, rising from 0.383635 and -.0593184 in 1990 to 0.593288 and -0.44379 in 2021. This indicates that the NDWI index has increased the most in Kuala Lumpur. As previously stated, rapid changes in land use and land cover in the last 30 years have had a negative impact on Kuala Lumpur's NDWI.

Magnetoactive (MA) foam, with its tunable mechanical properties and magnetostriction, has the potential to be used for the development of soft sensor technology. However, researchers have found that its mechanical properties and magnetostriction are morphologically dependent, thereby limiting its capabilities for dexterous manipulation. Thus, in this work, MA foam was developed with additional capabilities for controlling its magnetostriction, normal force, storage modulus, shear stress and torque by manipulating the concentration of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) and the magnetic field with regard to morphological changes. MA foams were prepared with three weight percentages of CIPs, namely, 35 wt.%, 55 wt.% and 75 wt.%, and three different modes, namely, zero shear, constant shear and various shears. The results showed that the MA foam with 75 wt.% of CIPs enhanced the normal force sensitivity and positive magnetostriction sensitivity by up to 97% and 85%, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivities of the storage modulus, torque and shear stress were 8.97 Pa/mT, 0.021 µN/mT, and 0.0096 Pa/mT, respectively. Meanwhile, the magnetic dipolar interaction between the CIPs was capable of changing the property of MA foam from a positive to a negative magnetostriction under various shear strains with a low loss of energy. Therefore, it is believed that this kind of highly sensitive MA foam can potentially be implemented in future soft sensor systems.

The increasing frequency and severity of flood events necessitate robust Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS) to mitigate disaster impacts and enhance community resilience. This systematic review aims to synthesise recent advances and practices in FEWS and their effectiveness in fostering resilient communities. This study addresses challenges of integrating technological innovations and community engagement to improve flood preparedness and response. Methodologically, a comprehensive scholarly literature search was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science databases, covering publications from 2021 onwards. The flow of the study is based on the PRISMA framework. The analysis was based on a total of (n=238) articles were screened, with (n=32) studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The study yielded results indicating that integrating technological innovations, community engagement, local knowledge, policy intervention, and investment are imperative in improving community resilience through Flood EWS. The economic analyses indicated that such systems are cost-effective and have strong community backing. Notably, the identification and classification of digital tools in disaster education, local knowledge in context, the role of community engagement, and the technological systems, as well as the place and importance of policy and cost intervention, all emerged as important themes. In this regard, the study makes a call for further research towards the development of integrated, adaptable, and community-based FEWS frameworks that cater to the needs and conditions of specific places. By so doing, this research provides a comprehensive review that supplies critical information for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers working advancement and implementation of flood EWS to enhance resilient communities in the wake of increasing flood risk.

This systematic literature review examined youth resilience in disaster risk reduction, addressing young people's heightened vulnerability to natural disasters. Following PRISMA guidelines, researchers analyzed peer-reviewed articles from 2021- January 2025, screening 1,657 studies and including 52 that met the criteria. Key findings identified five critical factors for building youth resilience: engagement and empowerment, mental and emotional health, education and capacity development, community and family support, and technology integration. The study emphasizes the need for targeted strategies and coordinated collaboration between youth and institutions. Future research should evaluate intervention sustainability and examine how cultural differences impact youth resilience outcomes in disaster-prone regions.

Representing almost 50% of the total turnover of construction activities, building maintenance investment is huge all over the world. In facilities management activities, building maintenance is also regarded as a common function. This paper emphasises the current user requirements for building maintenance management in Malaysian public universities. Starting with semi-structured interviews, information gathered focuses on different aspects of building maintenance practice to identify the main user requirement issues. The areas of study are to justify the objectives of maintenance departments and examine the processes of maintenance reporting and verification and other associated tasks. In this study the applications and contributions of Information Technology (IT) facilities in maintenance practices are reviewed. Finally, the development of user requirements by using the interface design concept is explored. It is envisioned that, in the future, good building maintenance practices will become the norm in Malaysia so that users will extract maximum benefits from their buildings and facilities.