Purpose of Review Forest roads, which are important for accessing and managing forest areas, are particularly vulnerable to damaging impacts of severe climatic events. Understanding how weather changes affect forest roads is important for their efficient management and to ensure their reliability in supporting forest products supply chains. This paper reviews research conducted on the impact of climate factors on forest roads over the past two decades. The aim of our study was to develop a conceptual framework to support adaptation and mitigation strategies in forest road network management, ensuring sustainable wood flow despite a changing climate. Recent Findings Through a review of scientific articles and their results, we provided insights and recommendations to increase the resiliency of forest road infrastructures against the effects of climate change. Framed within the principles of climate-smart forestry, this study also offers practical suggestions to maintain the efficiency and safety of wood transportation networks under changing weather conditions, supporting sustainable forest operations and climate adaptation. Summary This review highlights how changes in precipitation and temperature patterns caused by climate change can impact forest road infrastructure and wood transportation. Based on the analysis of the reviewed articles, we identified key consequences such as increased erosion, road deformation, and reduced frozen periods. The research provides dedicated actions to ensure sustainability of forest resources and their infrastructure. This review is a key step towards more resilient and adaptive forest road management practices, helping to reduce the impacts of climate change on forest transportation and ecological systems.

Secondary transportation of raw and comminuted forest products is a major component in forest harvesting operations in terms of economics, public perception, and safety. Consequently, there is a substantial amount of literature on this topic. The existing literature has dealt with many of the technical aspects of transportation with a majority of them focusing on improving supply chain issues; however, there are only few specific to secondary transportation issues in general. This annotated bibliography will help practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders gain a better understanding of the existing literature from 2000 to 2015. To this end, we began by classifying the selected literature into six themes: cost, roads and routes, trucking, efficiency and safety, other modes of transportation, and supply chain and optimization. Woody biomass for bioenergy production was the most researched forest product with respect to transportation. About one-third of the articles were presented in the context of supply chain modeling and optimization. More than half of the studies originated from Europe while the United States had the most publications for any given country. Most articles (16) were published in 2013. Biomass and Bioenergy published the highest number of articles (29) during the timeframe.

Operational-level flexibility in the choice of silvicultural treatments allows mitigatation of the impact of uncertain demand on supply chain performance. Silvicultural treatments dictate the species and quantity harvested from forest stands. However, their impact on wood supply sustainability is not clearly understood. This study proposes a simulation–optimization system to model hierarchical forest management planning with an objective to examine the impact. The system consists of mathematical models to develop hierarchical plans, i.e., strategic, tactical, and operational. In the system, the strategic model is first solved to determine the annual allowable cut. Next, the tactical model allocates cutblocks to annual plans, also prescribing silvicultural treatments. The subsequent operational-level model generates monthly plans in a rolling planning basis to satisfy prevailing demand. Upon execution of all operational-level plans, the forest inventory is updated and the change in annual allowable cut is evaluated. The system was implemented in a case study in Quebec, Canada. Permitting silvicultural flexibility at the operational level led to profit improvements between 2% and 3.7% over a 100 year horizon. Significant impact on long-term wood supply was not observed in this case. The proposed system can help forest planners and supply chain managers better integrate their respective needs.