Carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials play an increasingly important role in modern manufacturing, and they are among the more prominent materials used in aircraft manufacturing today. However, CFRP is highly prone to delamination and other damage when drilled due to it being extremely strong with a good strength-to-weight ratio and high thermal conductivity. Because of this problem and CFRP’s growing importance in aircraft manufacture, research has focused on the entry and exit holes as indicators of damage occurrence during drilling of screws, rivets, and other types of holes. The inside of the hole was neglected in past research and a proper way to quantify the internal side of a hole by combining the entry and exit hole should be included. To fill this gap and improve the use of CFRP, this paper reports a novel technique to measure the holes by using the extension of the adjusted delamination factor (S_FDSR) for drilling thick CFRP composites in order to establish the influence of machining input variables on key output measures, i.e., delamination and other damages. The experimental results showed a significant difference in interpretation of the damage during the analysis. Improvement was made by providing better perspectives of identifying hole defects.

Particleboard is not entirely a wood replacement but a particular material with its properties, making it more effective at different times than heavy or solid wood. The world’s biggest concern is environmental problems with formaldehyde as a particulate board binder that can lead to human carcinogenic agents. A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of particleboard production was performed using openLCA software. The impact assessment was carried out according to the software’s features. This preliminary investigation aims to analyze the chemical composition of particleboard and identify its environmental impact. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) system was used to track the functional group of aliphatic hydrocarbons, inorganic phosphates, and main aliphatic alcohols found in particleboards made in Malaysia. Based on the FTIR results, aliphatic groups were found in numerous aggravates that the spectroscopic infrared was likely to experience. The most important vibrational modes were C–H, at approximately 3000 cm⁻¹, and –CH deformations around 1460 cm⁻¹ and 1380 cm⁻¹. Eight effect groups demonstrated that 100% of the input and all analyses produced the same relative outcome. The life cycle of a product is determined by pollution of the air, water, and soil. Thus, particleboard has a minimal impact on the environment, except for global warming.

Engineering Education is a course that emphasis on soft skills that are related to critical thinking and the ability in solving problems. Creative and Critical Thinking Skills (CCTS) is a type of skill that had introduced and strongly emphasized in the education system, starting from primary school. Recently, all the exam questions in primary, secondary schools and public universities oriented to the principle of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in (RMK 11 - Transforming Education System). The objective of this education program is to produce students that are more competent in solving problems by applying effectively various forms of knowledge that had studied theoretically. This study aims to examine the extent to which the needs of elements of critical thinking and problem-solving skills to produce competitive engineers from industries point of view. Feedback from respondents was taken through quantitative methods using a set of questionnaires. A total of 300 respondents have participated in this study. The study is expected to be a guide for future mechanical engineers who would be involved by the requirements of the mainstream industry.

Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) offer a sustainable alternative to solid wood, yet their heterogeneous structure presents challenges in laser machining due to thermal sensitivity and inconsistent material behaviour. This study investigates the optimization of CO₂ laser-cutting parameters for WPCs, focusing on feed rate and assist-gas pressure. Using a 1500 W CO₂ laser, a full factorial experimental design was employed to cut 18 mm thick WPC panels at varying feed rates (1000–3000 mm/min) and gas pressures (1–3 bar). Statistical analyses including MANOVA and linear regression were conducted to evaluate their effects on key machining responses: cutting depth, heat-affected zone (HAZ) width, cut-edge quality, and surface finish. Results indicated that feed rate significantly influences both cutting depth and thermal damage, while gas pressure plays a major role in improving surface quality and reducing HAZ. Optimal combinations were identified for various performance goals, and validation trials at the selected parameters confirmed alignment with predicted outcomes. The optimized settings yielded high-quality cuts with reduced HAZ and enhanced surface characteristics. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a statistical optimization approach in refining CO₂ laser-cutting conditions for WPCs, offering insights for improved process control and sustainable manufacturing applications. This study also introduces a multi-objective optimization approach that verifies the interaction effects of feed rate and assist-gas pressure, enabling precise and efficient CO₂ laser cutting of 18 mm thick WPCs.

Wood is a naturally occurring renewable resource widely used in various industries, including in construction, packaging, furniture, and paneling. In Malaysia, 80% of furniture products are made from wood, making it a crucial material in this sector. Laser cutting is an advanced machining technique that enhances precision and minimizes material waste, yet its thermal effects, particularly the heat-affected zone (HAZ), remain a challenge. This study investigates how laser cutting parameters—including the laser power, traverse speed, and focus position—affect HAZ formation in two fast-growing Malaysian wood species, Acacia mangium and Azadirachta excelsa. This research seeks to determine the optimal laser settings that minimize HAZ dimensions while maintaining cutting precision. A diode laser cutting system was used to analyze the effects of three laser power levels (800, 1500, and 2400 mW), three traverse speeds (2, 5, and 10 mm/s), and three focus positions (on-focus, +0.2 mm, and −0.2 mm). We employed statistical analysis, including a two-way ANOVA, to assess the significance of these parameters and their interactions (p < 0.001). The results indicate that a higher laser power and slower speeds significantly increase the HAZ’s width and depth, with Azadirachta excelsa exhibiting a greater HAZ width but shallower penetration compared to Acacia mangium. A slight above-focus position (+0.2 mm) reduces the HAZ’s width, whereas a below-focus position (−0.2 mm) increases the HAZ’s depth. The optimal parameters for minimizing HAZ dimensions while ensuring efficient cutting were identified as a 1500 mW laser power, a 10 mm/s traverse speed, and an on-focus position (0 mm). This study provides practical insights into laser parameter optimization for tropical wood species, contributing to improved precision in laser machining and sustainable wood processing practices. These findings support industries in adopting advanced, high-quality laser cutting techniques tailored to fast-growing wood resources.

:In this era of globalization, Information and Communication Technology (TMK) is not unfamiliar to both students and teachers. In fact, TMK is used at all levels of education, starting from kindergarten to higher education. Digital literacy aligns with the aspirations of the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) in the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM 2013-2025) and the National Education Philosophy (NEP), aiming to create individuals who are balanced and harmonious in terms of physical, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual aspects. The research objective focuses on identifying the barriers to TMK usage among teachers and determining teachers' readiness to use TMK in schools. The research methodology is quantitative, employing a questionnaire to collect data. The study was conducted in four schools, consisting of two primary schools and two secondary schools. A total of 40 questionnaires were distributed to teachers. The research findings indicate that teachers agree that the use of TMK aids in teaching and demonstrates that teachers believe the future of learning will be more extensive when incorporating TMK in education. The analysis also identifies a significant correlation between the lack of TMK facilities and teachers' readiness for TMK usage. In conclusion, it is the responsibility of educators to be open to the idea of digital literacy in achieving the vision and mission of education in facing the challenges of a developed nation. Keywords: National Education Philosophy; Education; Digital; Tmk; Literacy Abstrak: Pada era globalisasi ini, Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (TMK) bukanlah sesuatu yang asing kepada pelajar mahupun guru. Malah TMK juga digunakan untuk semua peringkat pembelajaran bermula dari peringkat tadika sehinggalah peringkat pengajian tinggi. Literasi digital adalah selari dengan hasrat Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) dalam Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM 2013-2025) dan Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan (FPK) yang bertujuan mewujudkan insan yang seimbang dan harmoni dari segi jasmani, emosi, rohani dan intelek. Objektif kajian berfokuskan kepada faktor penghalang penggunaan TMK dalam kalangan guru dan mengenal pasti kesediaan guru dalam penggunaan TMK di sekolah. Metodologi kajian berbentuk kuantitatif yang menggunakan soal selidik untuk memperoleh data. Kajian dijalankan di empat buah sekolah yang terdiri daripada dua buah sekolah rendah dan dua buah sekolah menengah. Sebanyak 40 set soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada guru-guru. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa guru-guru bersetuju penggunaan TMK membantu dalam pengajaran di sekolah dan menunjukkan bahawa guru-guru percaya masa depan pembelajaran lebih meluas apabila menggunakan TMK dalam pendidikan. Analisis juga turut mengenalpasti terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kekurangan kemudahan TMK dengan kesediaan guru terhadap penggunaan TMK. Tuntasnya, adalah menjadi tugas para pendidik untuk bersedia menerima idea literasi digital ke arah mencapai visi dan misi pendidikan dalam mendepani cabaran negara maju. Kata kunci: Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan; Pendidikan; Digital; Tmk; Literasi