Background: The increasing demand for dental implants necessitates the exploration of advanced materials and manufacturing techniques. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a viable method for producing custom dental implants, allowing for intricate designs and improved patient-specific fits. This study focuses on the design and structural deformation assessment of 3D-printed dental implants using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). By simulating the mechanical behavior of these implants under realistic loading conditions, we aim to evaluate their performance and predict potential failure points, ultimately enhancing their reliability and longevity in clinical applications. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive design and structural deformation assessment of three-dimensional (3D) printed dental implants using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Specifically, the study aims to: Evaluate stress distribution and deformation patterns in three 3D-printed dental implant designs under simulated physiological loading. Compare the stiffness, strength, and elastic behavior of PEEK and CFR-PEEK under occlusal forces. Identify failure points in implants and bone–implant interfaces by analyzing high stress concentrations. Predict the biomechanical behavior of a novel dental implant by determining its elastic modulus through finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Three models 3D were designed to understand stress distribution with different structures using PEEK as biomaterial, with 4 test conditions modeled and compared. An occlusal load was applied (230 N at 90˚ and 30˚) on the implants. Isotropic, linear elastic, and homogeneous were considerate as properties of the components. Results: Under axial loads, all models stayed within physiological stress limits, while under 30° oblique loading, Model 3 showed the lowest stress, strain, and pressure. Conclusions: FEA results indicate that 3D-printed dental implants, particularly the optimized Model 3, maintain safe stress levels under axial and oblique loads, supporting their potential for immediate loading. However, due to numerical limitations, experimental validation remains necessary to advance implant designs that optimize bone regeneration and material efficiency.

Preg-robbing is a phenomenon in which minerals retain gold, especially due to the presence of species like carbonaceous matter and silicates in the mineral. This study demonstrates the impact of quicklime, used to adjust the pH of a gold cyanidation solution, on the retention of gold contained in pregnant cyanidation solutions and sorption mechanisms. The retention capacity of four quicklime solutions was evaluated using proportions of 200 g of lime in 800 mL of solution and 10 g of lime in 500 mL of solution. The concentrations of the gold cyanide solutions were 10, 15, and 25 ppm. The insoluble lime residue in the acetic acid solution was separated and analyzed by XRD, FTIR, elemental carbon, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. SEM and TOF-SIMS were used to analyze the lime samples after exposure to the gold cyanide solution. The results show that retention was attributable to quicklime due to the effects of its carbon and silicate content, although chemisorption and physisorption mechanisms may also be responsible.

Gasification studies were performed on sub-bituminous coal of the province Centro in Boyacá state of Colombia, vegetable biomass Chenopodium album (cenizo) and co-gasification of coal-biomass mixtures agglomerated with paraffin in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Biomass synergistically promoted thermochemical transformation of the coal was observed. Experimental results were compared to equilibrium composition simulations. Ash fusibility tests of the coal-biomass mixture were carried out, which allowed to clarify its behavior, such as dry or fluid ash according to own chemical composition, during the gasification process. The experimental tests allowed determining the differences in thermal decomposition, between coal, cenizo and coal-biomass blend, which are attributable to the physicochemical properties of each one solid fuel. During the tests, gas chromatography analyses were performed to establish the compositions of the syngas. The syngas obtained from biomass had the highest concentration of CO and the lowest H2; the coal and the coal-biomass mixture were slightly minor respectively. Concentrations of CH4, CO2 and C2H4 were similar between coal and biomass. This result is consistent with the higher calorific value of the coal syngas. The production of syngas from the coal-biomass mixture had the lowest contents of H2 and CO due to synergistic phenomena that occur with the fuel mixture. The co-gasification of the mixture gave the highest syngas production, carbon conversion, and thermal efficiency. These results indicate the viability of co-gasification of coal-Chenopodium album agglomerated mixtures. In gasification of non-agglomerated mixtures of coal-cenizo, the biomass can be burned directly without producing syngas.

The magnetorheological fluids have the ability to modify their viscosity quickly by subjecting it to a magnetic field, a quality that classifies them in the category of intelligent materials. Such fluids include three main components; the base fluid that is generally mineral or synthetic oil, magnetizable particles which are dispersed in the base fluid and the additives or stabilizers that prevent agglomeration and sedimentation of the particles, as well as the degradation induced by the carrier medium. The main challenge of these fluids is to maintain the rheological response to the magnetic field, as well as avoid the chemical and microstructural instability of the magnetoreological fluids. In the present investigation an exhaustive bibliographic review was carried out to understand the main aspects of these types of materials, their properties as well as the main applications in the different branches of industry and medicine. The most recent contributions focused on the chemical stability of magnetic particles through the application of surface coatings are discussed.

This study aims to quantify the effect of process parameters on the anodizing of Al6061 aluminum. To achieve this, studies on layer thickness, the porosity of the anodized surface, electrochemical techniques, X-ray diffraction, grain size estimation, and statistical analysis were conducted for three different atmospheres (without air, air, and oxygen). Parameter levels were established as follows: temperature (30 °C, 45 °C, and 60 °C), time (20 min, 40 min, and 60 min), electrolyte concentration (0.5 M), voltage (9 V), and current intensity (0.600 A). A 3³ experimental design (three factors, three levels) was proposed, and mathematical models were obtained using general factorial design. The experimental design was used to determine the three most important variables in the optimal condition. A total of 27 tests were conducted using sulfuric acid electrolytic solutions, of which 12 samples were selected by the factorial design method, which simultaneously evaluates the effects of factors and their interactions in a single experiment. Measurement of porosity and oxide layer thickness was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The purity of the anodic layer formed was characterized using X-ray diffraction techniques with a vertical goniometer X-ray diffractometer. The electrochemical behavior is presented through potentiodynamic polarization curves for the anodic layer. A general factorial design and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to establish the significant factors for layer thickness, grain size, and reaction rate. Finally, the best results and their parameters for each response are presented.

Los biorreactores son una de las soluciones que propone la ingeniería de tejidos para las principales enfermedades en México. Las matemáticas pueden determinar parámetros biocinéticos, que crean mecanismos para optimizar las condiciones de operación. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo diseñar un modelo matemático dinámico que describa el comportamiento de las células hepáticas, la producción del sustrato y proteínas en un biorreactor. Como resultado, se obtuvo que el modelo propuesto puede predecir a través del tiempo el comportamiento de las variables. Algunos de los parámetros biocinéticos encontrados son YXS = 2.94 g/g, YPS = 5.46 g/g, y μmáx = 1.84 1/h. A su vez, se empleó un análisis paramétrico de sensibilidad para encontrar los parámetros que tuviesen el mayor efecto en las concentraciones de biomasa y producto. Los parámetros son YXS, α y β para la concentración de biomasa y μmáx, YXS, KPS para la concentración de producto. Como parte del estudio, varias simulaciones se emplearon para determinar el comportamiento en distintas concentraciones iniciales de sustrato. Los resultados arrojaron que entre más grande sea la concentración inicial de sustrato, menor será el rendimiento dentro de los primeros ocho días. Después de ese tiempo, los rendimientos son similares para todas las concentraciones iniciales de sustrato.