Heating flame furnaces are the main type of furnaces used for heating and heat treatment of metal products in metallurgy and mechanical engineering. In the working chamber of a modern heating furnace, there should be neither high-temperature nor stagnation zones. One of the methods used to provide such combustion conditions is the application of distributed (volumetric) combustion. Owing to this method, heating quality is ensured by creating a uniform temperature field and equivalent heat exchange conditions, regardless of the placement of the charge in the working chamber of the furnace. In this work, we numerically study the volumetric combustion and influences of small- and large-scale recirculation ratios of furnace gases, the influence of temperature fluctuation on the regenerator nozzle, and the working parameters at the starting phase and reverse.

The performance of an adsorptive heat-moisture regenerator based on a silica gel–sodium sulphate composite adsorbent was studied. The correlation between the adsorbent composition and structural characteristics of the laboratory-scale device was investigated. An algorithm for the calculation of the efficiency factors of the adsorptive regenerator was further developed. The suggested algorithm calculates the operational parameters, including the temperatures, humidities and volumetric flows of internal and external air, and estimates the regenerator’s performance via temperature and moisture efficiency factors, total adsorption and time needed to achieve maximum adsorption, air pressure loss and fan power input. The validity of the calculation results obtained using the proposed algorithm was confirmed experimentally. Temperature efficiency factor, air pressure loss and fan power consumption are crucial parameters for the estimation of the optimal operating regime of an adsorptive heat-moisture regenerator. The correlation between meteorological conditions and efficiency factors was assessed and applied in a simulation of residential house-scale air conditioning unit operation. Maximal values of temperature efficiency factor were found at internal and external air temperatures of 15 to 20 °C and −5 to 0 °C, respectively. Moisture efficiency factors were observed to reach their maximum at the absolute humidities of external and internal air of 4.0 to 5.0 g/m³ and 2.75 to 3.0 g/m³, respectively. The fan power consumption of the adsorptive heat-moisture regenerator was found to be comparable to or even lower than that of commercial air conditioning units used in comparably voluminous interiors.

Operational parameters of adsorptive regenerator of low-potential heat and moisture based on composite adsorbents  «silica gel - sodium sulphate» and «silica gel  – sodium acetate» synthesized by sol – gel method were studied. Correlation of the parameters such as airflow rate, switching period, and temperatures of internal and external air, temperature efficiency factor was stated. Purposeful changing the temperature efficiency factor in rather wide ranges is shown when the switching period and airflow rate variated. Maximal values of temperature efficiency factors are stated at the airflow rates and switching over time of at most 0.22 – 0.32 m/s and 5 – 10 min., when composite «silica gel – sodium sulphate» used. Regenerators based on composites «silica gel – sodium sulphate» are stated to surpass devices based on «silica gel – sodium acetate» by at least 9 – 10 % of temperature efficiency factors. Efficiency of adsorptive regenerators is revealed to be affected by the meteorological conditions. Maximal values of temperature efficiency factor of regenerators based on composites «silica gel – sodium sulphate» are corresponded with the external air temperature of –5 – 0 °C and internal air temperature of 15 – 16 °C.  

A new amperometric titration method was developed for quantitative determination of ferrate(VI) (Fe^VIO₄ ²⁻) in the 7.06×10⁻⁵−5.73×10⁻³ M concentration range. Chromium(III) hydroxide solution was used as the titrant. The diffusion current (Id) had a linear relationship with the concentration of ferrate(VI) and slopes were dependent on the concentration of NaOH. The amperometric titration could detect a lower concentration of ferrate(VI) than could potentiometric and colorimetric titrations. The method was applied successfully to determine concentrations of ferrate(VI), generated electrochemically, in strong alkaline solutions.