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Industrial buildings account for very few high peaks of power demand. This situation forces them to contract a high fixed electricity term to cover it. A more intelligent use of the energy in industrial buildings, together with an improved efficiency of the transmission and distribution of the energy along the electric power grid, can be achieved by reducing the peak consumption of industrial buildings. Energy storage systems, and lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries in particular, are one of the most promising technologies for reducing this peak consumption. However, selecting a proper Li-ion battery requires a dimensioning process in terms of energy and power which is not straightforward. This paper proposes a dimensioning methodology that takes into consideration both technical and economic implications, and applies it to a case example with real industrial consumption data and a commercial battery. Results show that implementing batteries for reducing this peak consumption can lead to a cost–benefit improvement.
Jorge Nájera; Miguel Santos-Herran; Marcos Blanco; Gustavo Navarro; Jorge Torres; Marcos Lafoz. Battery Energy Storage System Dimensioning for Reducing the Fixed Term of the Electricity Access Rate in Industrial Consumptions. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7395 .
AMA StyleJorge Nájera, Miguel Santos-Herran, Marcos Blanco, Gustavo Navarro, Jorge Torres, Marcos Lafoz. Battery Energy Storage System Dimensioning for Reducing the Fixed Term of the Electricity Access Rate in Industrial Consumptions. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (16):7395.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Nájera; Miguel Santos-Herran; Marcos Blanco; Gustavo Navarro; Jorge Torres; Marcos Lafoz. 2021. "Battery Energy Storage System Dimensioning for Reducing the Fixed Term of the Electricity Access Rate in Industrial Consumptions." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16: 7395.
Minimizing torque ripple in electrical machines for a given application is not a straightforward task, especially when the application imposes certain constraints. There are many techniques to improve torque ripple, either design-based or control-based. In this paper, a new geometry for switched reluctance machines based on rotor poles skewing is proposed to minimize torque ripple. This paper describes a methodology to design an asymmetrical skew rotor—switched reluctance machine using a multi-objective differential evolutionary algorithm. The main parameters of the optimization process are defined, as is the optimization methodology to obtain an improved design with less torque ripple than a conventional one. Moreover, the analytical formulas used in the optimization method, as well as the optimization technique, are deduced and explained in detail. The mathematical model used to simulate the electrical machine and the power converter are also described. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element analyses were also conducted to assess whether 3D effects (end-effect and axial fringing field) affected the results. Finally, a particular case of a high-voltage direct current-controlled generator in the base of the More Electric Aircraft (MEA) concept or an energy storage system as an electrical machine was analyzed, and the results for the improved configuration were compared with those for the conventional one.
Jorge Torres; Pablo Moreno-Torres; Gustavo Navarro; Marcos Blanco; Jorge Nájera; Miguel Santos-Herran; Marcos Lafoz. Asymmetrical Rotor Skewing Optimization in Switched Reluctance Machines Using Differential Evolutionary Algorithm. Energies 2021, 14, 3194 .
AMA StyleJorge Torres, Pablo Moreno-Torres, Gustavo Navarro, Marcos Blanco, Jorge Nájera, Miguel Santos-Herran, Marcos Lafoz. Asymmetrical Rotor Skewing Optimization in Switched Reluctance Machines Using Differential Evolutionary Algorithm. Energies. 2021; 14 (11):3194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Torres; Pablo Moreno-Torres; Gustavo Navarro; Marcos Blanco; Jorge Nájera; Miguel Santos-Herran; Marcos Lafoz. 2021. "Asymmetrical Rotor Skewing Optimization in Switched Reluctance Machines Using Differential Evolutionary Algorithm." Energies 14, no. 11: 3194.
Energy storage systems (ESS) are becoming essential as a solution for troublesome industrial systems. This study focuses on the application of a type of ESS, a high-power technology known in the literature as supercapacitors or electric double layer capacitors (EDLC). This technology has had a huge impact during the last decade on research related to the electric traction drives, renewable sources and powergrids. Related to this aspect, this paper summarizes the most relevant scientific publications in the last five years that study the use of supercapacitor technology (SCs) in electric traction applications (drives for rail vehicles and drives for road vehicles), generation systems for renewable energy (wind, solar and wave energy), and connection systems to the electric grid (voltage and frequency regulation and microgrids). The technology based on EDLC and the practical aspects that must be taken into account in the op-eration of these systems in industrial applications are briefly described. For each of the aforementioned applications, it is described how the problems are solved by using the energy storage technology, drawing the solutions proposed by different authors. Special attention is paid to the control strategies when combining SCs with other technologies, such as batteries. As a summary, some conclusions are collected drawn from the publications analyzed, evaluating the aspects in which it is necessary to conduct further research in order to facilitate the integration of EDLC technology.
Gustavo Navarro; Jorge Torres; Marcos Blanco; Jorge Nájera; Miguel Santos-Herran; Marcos Lafoz. Present and Future of Supercapacitor Technology Applied to Powertrains, Renewable Generation and Grid Connection Applications. Energies 2021, 14, 3060 .
AMA StyleGustavo Navarro, Jorge Torres, Marcos Blanco, Jorge Nájera, Miguel Santos-Herran, Marcos Lafoz. Present and Future of Supercapacitor Technology Applied to Powertrains, Renewable Generation and Grid Connection Applications. Energies. 2021; 14 (11):3060.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGustavo Navarro; Jorge Torres; Marcos Blanco; Jorge Nájera; Miguel Santos-Herran; Marcos Lafoz. 2021. "Present and Future of Supercapacitor Technology Applied to Powertrains, Renewable Generation and Grid Connection Applications." Energies 14, no. 11: 3060.
The aim of this paper is to present a methodology for dimensioning an energy storage system (ESS) to the generation data measured in an operating wave energy generation plant connected to the electric grid in the north of Spain. The selection criterion for the ESS is the compliance of the power injected into the grid with a specific active-power ramp-rate limit. Due to its electrical characteristics, supercapacitor (SC) technology is especially suitable for this application. The ESS dimensioning methodology is based on a mathematical model, which takes into account the power generation system, the chosen ramp-rate limit, the ESS efficiency maps and electrical characteristics. It allows one to evaluate the number of storage cabinets required to satisfy the needs described, considering a compromise between the number of units, which means cost, and the reliability of the storage system to ensure the grid codes compliance. Power and energy parameters for the ESS are obtained from the calculations and some tips regarding the most efficient operation of the SC cabinets, based on a stepped switching strategy, are also given. Finally, some conclusions about the technology selection will be updated after the detailed analysis accomplished.
Gustavo Navarro; Marcos Blanco; Jorge Torres; Jorge Nájera; Álvaro Santiago; Miguel Santos-Herran; Dionisio Ramírez; Marcos Lafoz. Dimensioning Methodology of an Energy Storage System Based on Supercapacitors for Grid Code Compliance of a Wave Power Plant. Energies 2021, 14, 985 .
AMA StyleGustavo Navarro, Marcos Blanco, Jorge Torres, Jorge Nájera, Álvaro Santiago, Miguel Santos-Herran, Dionisio Ramírez, Marcos Lafoz. Dimensioning Methodology of an Energy Storage System Based on Supercapacitors for Grid Code Compliance of a Wave Power Plant. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):985.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGustavo Navarro; Marcos Blanco; Jorge Torres; Jorge Nájera; Álvaro Santiago; Miguel Santos-Herran; Dionisio Ramírez; Marcos Lafoz. 2021. "Dimensioning Methodology of an Energy Storage System Based on Supercapacitors for Grid Code Compliance of a Wave Power Plant." Energies 14, no. 4: 985.
A methodology to automate the sizing of a wave energy converter (WEC) is presented. The preliminary design of WEC geometry is addressed as a mathematical program by means of a meta‐heuristic optimisation, which includes as key aspects the use of a multi‐objective differential evolutionary (DE) algorithm and the implementation of a stochastic hydrodynamic model of the WEC. In this methodology, the WEC concept, the control strategy, the power take‐off characteristics and the location have been taken into consideration due to their strong influence on the WEC design. As a case example, a real project has been selected, and the methodology has been applied to two test locations. Stochastic models are used to handle irregular sea states and to obtain statistical information while reducing the calculation effort when compared to time‐domain models. The output derived from the proposed methodology is a set of feasible solutions so‐called Pareto frontier. These solutions can be used as inputs for a detailed design process. Data from real projects could be used to further develop the sizing methodology by improving the algorithm convergence, refining the requirements, or including new restrictions.
Marcos Blanco; Miguel Santos‐Herran; Gustavo Navarro; Jorge Torres; Jorge Najera; Isabel Villaba; Marcos Lafoz; Dionisio Ramírez. Meta‐heuristic optimisation approach for wave energy converter design by means of a stochastic hydrodynamic model. IET Renewable Power Generation 2021, 15, 548 -561.
AMA StyleMarcos Blanco, Miguel Santos‐Herran, Gustavo Navarro, Jorge Torres, Jorge Najera, Isabel Villaba, Marcos Lafoz, Dionisio Ramírez. Meta‐heuristic optimisation approach for wave energy converter design by means of a stochastic hydrodynamic model. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2021; 15 (3):548-561.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Blanco; Miguel Santos‐Herran; Gustavo Navarro; Jorge Torres; Jorge Najera; Isabel Villaba; Marcos Lafoz; Dionisio Ramírez. 2021. "Meta‐heuristic optimisation approach for wave energy converter design by means of a stochastic hydrodynamic model." IET Renewable Power Generation 15, no. 3: 548-561.
The operation and maintenance activity of off-shore wind turbines (WTs) increases the cost of the generated energy. Although significant efforts have been made to improve the reliability of the mechanical subassemblies, electrical and electronic subassemblies fail more frequently, causing undesirable downtimes and loss of revenues. Since off-shore WTs and wave energy converters (WECs) share the electrical and electronic subassemblies, the reliability of WECs is expected to be affected by the same causes. This study presents a robust model predictive control for a WEC consisting of an oscillating water column (OWC) installed in a point absorber. The control system is capable of dealing with open switch faults in one or two insulated-gate bipolar transistors of the same arm in any of the voltage source converters (VSCs), or even in both VSCs at the same time. The system allows the OWC WEC to generate energy, although under certain restrictions, thereby reducing the urgency of repair and loss of revenues. The performance of the proposed approach is tested for several cases of open switch faults, experimentally in the laboratory using an OWC WEC emulator.
Dionisio Ramirez; Marcos Blanco; Mohammad Ebrahim Zarei; Mahima Gupta. Robust control of a floating OWC WEC under open‐switch fault condition in one or in both VSCs. IET Renewable Power Generation 2020, 14, 2538 -2549.
AMA StyleDionisio Ramirez, Marcos Blanco, Mohammad Ebrahim Zarei, Mahima Gupta. Robust control of a floating OWC WEC under open‐switch fault condition in one or in both VSCs. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2020; 14 (13):2538-2549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDionisio Ramirez; Marcos Blanco; Mohammad Ebrahim Zarei; Mahima Gupta. 2020. "Robust control of a floating OWC WEC under open‐switch fault condition in one or in both VSCs." IET Renewable Power Generation 14, no. 13: 2538-2549.
The paper analyses the alternatives for the power supply of a Hyperloop type railway transport. The particular case of the technology of the Spanish company ZELEROS was studied. Based on previous technical specifications related to both the first prototype and a commercial system, different options were analyzed. We selected the use of a linear motor driven by a single power electronic converter, a distribution scheme comprising different sections along the acceleration area of the track, and an energy storage system based on supercapacitors for the energy supply. The power/energy ratio and the cycle capability are the reasons to become a feasible and competitive solution. A preliminary design methodology for the energy storage requirements is presented in the paper. Once the type of linear motor was selected, the power supply scheme was presented, based on a motor-side power electronic converter and a DC/DC converter which connects to the energy storage devices. An additional low power grid-tie converter for the recharge of the energy storage system was also used. Different track sections were defined, connected to the power electronic converter through corresponding switches, being supplied sequentially when the capsule presence is detected along the track. The particular characteristics of this application, with relatively short traction track area, as well as the high energy recuperation ratio due to the low losses, make more suitable the use of energy storage systems as the source of power supply than the direct connection to the grid.
Marcos Lafoz; Gustavo Navarro; Jorge Torres; Álvaro Santiago; Jorge Nájera; Miguel Santos-Herran; Marcos Blanco. Power Supply Solution for Ultrahigh Speed Hyperloop Trains. Smart Cities 2020, 3, 642 -656.
AMA StyleMarcos Lafoz, Gustavo Navarro, Jorge Torres, Álvaro Santiago, Jorge Nájera, Miguel Santos-Herran, Marcos Blanco. Power Supply Solution for Ultrahigh Speed Hyperloop Trains. Smart Cities. 2020; 3 (3):642-656.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Lafoz; Gustavo Navarro; Jorge Torres; Álvaro Santiago; Jorge Nájera; Miguel Santos-Herran; Marcos Blanco. 2020. "Power Supply Solution for Ultrahigh Speed Hyperloop Trains." Smart Cities 3, no. 3: 642-656.
This paper aims at presenting and describing a dimensioning methodology for energy storage systems (ESS), in particular for one based on flywheels, applied for the specific application of reducing power oscillation in a wave energy conversion (WEC) plant. The dimensioning methodology takes into account the efficiency maps of the storage technology as well as the effect of the filtering control techniques. The methodology is applied to the case study of a WEC plant in operation in Spain, using real power generation profiles delivered into the electric grid. The paper firstly describes the calculation procedure of the efficiency maps for the particular technology of flywheels, although it could be extended to other storage technologies. Then, the influence of using future data values in the dimensioning process and the control of the ESS operation is analysed in depth. A moving average filter (MAF) is defined to compensate for power oscillations, studying the difference between considering prediction and not doing so. It is concluded that a filtering control using future values based on a number of samples equivalent to a 4-min time order provides an important reduction in the energy storage requirements for a power generation plant. Finally, and based on the selection of storage modules previously defined, the efficiency maps, and the MAF used for delivering the power into the grid, an optimal operation strategy is suggested for the storage modules, based on a stepped switching technique. The selection of four flywheel energy storage system (FESS) modules achieves a reduction of 50% in power oscillations, covering 85% of the frequency excursions at the grid.
Jorge Torres; Marcos Blanco; Marcos Lafoz; Gustavo Navarro; Jorge Nájera; Miguel Santos-Herran. Dimensioning Methodology of Energy Storage Systems for Power Smoothing in a Wave Energy Conversion Plant Considering Efficiency Maps and Filtering Control Techniques. Energies 2020, 13, 3380 .
AMA StyleJorge Torres, Marcos Blanco, Marcos Lafoz, Gustavo Navarro, Jorge Nájera, Miguel Santos-Herran. Dimensioning Methodology of Energy Storage Systems for Power Smoothing in a Wave Energy Conversion Plant Considering Efficiency Maps and Filtering Control Techniques. Energies. 2020; 13 (13):3380.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Torres; Marcos Blanco; Marcos Lafoz; Gustavo Navarro; Jorge Nájera; Miguel Santos-Herran. 2020. "Dimensioning Methodology of Energy Storage Systems for Power Smoothing in a Wave Energy Conversion Plant Considering Efficiency Maps and Filtering Control Techniques." Energies 13, no. 13: 3380.
Wave energy conversion is a promising alternative to produce clean energy from the huge available resource at sea, but it is also a challenging mission because extraction conditions are difficult due to the harsh environment and also to the low frequency of the energy conversion process. In this regard, powerful Power Take-Offs are required, able to produce high forces at low frequencies, which also must be highly controllable to optimize the conversion process. This paper presents a new type of Linear Electric Generator based on a novel Switched Reluctance Machine, which is being developed in the framework of a H2020 Project called Sea Titan. The paper describes the calculation and the design processes of a 70 kN prototype which will also be manufactured and tested in the framework of Sea Titan, which also includes a feasibility study for a superconducting solution.
Luis Garcia-Tabares Rodriguez; Marcos Lafoz; Jorge Jesus Torres; Diego Obradors; Marcos Blanco; Jorge Najera; Gustavo Navarro; Francisco Garcia; Andres Sanchez. New Type of Linear Switched Reluctance Generator for Wave Energy Applications. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 2020, PP, 1 -1.
AMA StyleLuis Garcia-Tabares Rodriguez, Marcos Lafoz, Jorge Jesus Torres, Diego Obradors, Marcos Blanco, Jorge Najera, Gustavo Navarro, Francisco Garcia, Andres Sanchez. New Type of Linear Switched Reluctance Generator for Wave Energy Applications. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2020; PP (99):1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Garcia-Tabares Rodriguez; Marcos Lafoz; Jorge Jesus Torres; Diego Obradors; Marcos Blanco; Jorge Najera; Gustavo Navarro; Francisco Garcia; Andres Sanchez. 2020. "New Type of Linear Switched Reluctance Generator for Wave Energy Applications." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity PP, no. 99: 1-1.
Supercapacitors, one of the most promising energy storage technologies for high power density industrial applications, exchange the energy mostly through power electronic converters, operating under high frequency components due to the commutation. The high frequency produces important effects on the performance of the supercapacitors in relation to their capacitance, inductance and internal resistance (ESR). These parameters are fundamental to evaluate the efficiency of this energy storage system. The aim of the paper is to obtain an accurate model of two supercapacitors connected in series (functional and extrapolated unit) to represent the frequency effects for a wide range of frequencies. The methodology is based on the definition of an appropriate equivalent electric circuit with voltage dependance, obtaining their parameters from experimental tests, carried out by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the use of specific software tools such as EC-Lab® and Statgraphics Centurion®. The paper concludes with a model which reproduces with accuracy both the frequency response of the model BCAP3000 supercapacitors, provided by the manufacturer, and the experimental results obtained by the authors.
Gustavo Navarro; Jorge Nájera; Jorge Torres; Marcos Blanco; Miguel Santos; Marcos Lafoz. Development and Experimental Validation of a Supercapacitor Frequency Domain Model for Industrial Energy Applications Considering Dynamic Behaviour at High Frequencies. Energies 2020, 13, 1156 .
AMA StyleGustavo Navarro, Jorge Nájera, Jorge Torres, Marcos Blanco, Miguel Santos, Marcos Lafoz. Development and Experimental Validation of a Supercapacitor Frequency Domain Model for Industrial Energy Applications Considering Dynamic Behaviour at High Frequencies. Energies. 2020; 13 (5):1156.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGustavo Navarro; Jorge Nájera; Jorge Torres; Marcos Blanco; Miguel Santos; Marcos Lafoz. 2020. "Development and Experimental Validation of a Supercapacitor Frequency Domain Model for Industrial Energy Applications Considering Dynamic Behaviour at High Frequencies." Energies 13, no. 5: 1156.
The paper analyses the alternatives for the power supply of a Hyperloop type railway transport. The particular case of the technology of the Spanish company ZELEROS is studied. Specifications related to both a first prototype and a commercial system are presented and the power supply requirements analysed. After considering different alternatives, energy storage based on supercapacitors is obtained as a feasible and competitive solution for the power supply of this application due to the power/energy ratio and the cycles capability. A preliminary design methodology for the energy storage requirements is presented in the paper. Once selected the type of linear motor, the power supply scheme is presented, based on a motor-side power electronic converter and a DC/DC converter which connects to the energy storage devices. An additional low power grid-tie converter for the recharge of the energy storage system is also used. Different track sections are defined, connected to the power electronic converter through corresponding switches, being supplied sequentially when the capsule presence is detected along the track. The number of track sections depends on the limitations of voltage and current, defined by the power electronic converter selected and particular issues like current density selection and the evaluation of skin effect are very important for this application.
Marcos Lafoz; Gustavo Navarro; Marcos Blanco; Jorge Torres. Energy Storage Systems for Power Supply of Ultrahigh Speed Hyperloop Trains. Communications in Computer and Information Science 2020, 244 -255.
AMA StyleMarcos Lafoz, Gustavo Navarro, Marcos Blanco, Jorge Torres. Energy Storage Systems for Power Supply of Ultrahigh Speed Hyperloop Trains. Communications in Computer and Information Science. 2020; ():244-255.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Lafoz; Gustavo Navarro; Marcos Blanco; Jorge Torres. 2020. "Energy Storage Systems for Power Supply of Ultrahigh Speed Hyperloop Trains." Communications in Computer and Information Science , no. : 244-255.
Dionisio Ramirez; Hugo Mendonça; Marcos Blanco; Fernando Martinez. Non‐linear vector current source for the control of permanent magnet synchronous generators in wave energy applications. IET Renewable Power Generation 2019, 13, 2409 -2417.
AMA StyleDionisio Ramirez, Hugo Mendonça, Marcos Blanco, Fernando Martinez. Non‐linear vector current source for the control of permanent magnet synchronous generators in wave energy applications. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2019; 13 (13):2409-2417.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDionisio Ramirez; Hugo Mendonça; Marcos Blanco; Fernando Martinez. 2019. "Non‐linear vector current source for the control of permanent magnet synchronous generators in wave energy applications." IET Renewable Power Generation 13, no. 13: 2409-2417.
Wave energy is one of the electric generation options based on renewable energies, especially suitable for islands due to the energy resource availability and the higher energy cost of energy in its electric grids. The oscillating nature of the wave resource is prone to produce negative impacts in these electric grids when considering scenarios of high penetration of wave energy generation. This study analyses the impact of wave energy generation on the power system frequency for the particular case study of Tenerife Island (Spain). Then, hourly data related to sea states in Tenerife, during a whole year, will be provided to generate an electric power profile, based on a model of a wave energy farm with a specific wave converter type. A previously developed dynamic simulation model of the Tenerife transmission network will be fed with these power profiles and the hourly electric generation and consumption profiles to analyse the system frequency. A complete set of analysis during the whole year will be accomplished in order to determine the number of over-frequency events according to the grid codes. Finally, some corrective measures will be proposed as conclusions, e.g. energy storage devices, as the most reliable solution to mitigate frequency deviations.
Isabel Villalba; Marcos Blanco; Juan I. Pérez‐Díaz; Daniel Fernández; Felipe Díaz; Marcos Lafoz. Wave farms grid code compliance in isolated small power systems. IET Renewable Power Generation 2018, 13, 171 -179.
AMA StyleIsabel Villalba, Marcos Blanco, Juan I. Pérez‐Díaz, Daniel Fernández, Felipe Díaz, Marcos Lafoz. Wave farms grid code compliance in isolated small power systems. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2018; 13 (1):171-179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Villalba; Marcos Blanco; Juan I. Pérez‐Díaz; Daniel Fernández; Felipe Díaz; Marcos Lafoz. 2018. "Wave farms grid code compliance in isolated small power systems." IET Renewable Power Generation 13, no. 1: 171-179.
One of the key parameters to properly and accurately assess an energy storage system is the energy efficiency, which has a direct impact in the system performance and an indirect impact in its cost. In this paper, a methodology for comparing Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLC) and Kinetic Energy Storage Systems (KESS) in terms of energy efficiency is proposed. This methodology, based in accurate loss models, takes real operating cycles into account, so a realistic result is obtained for each particular case. An accurate study of the losses of both technologies is accomplished during the paper, getting a complete model for EDLCs and KESSs, and obtaining Efficiency Maps for the whole range of operation points. Some conclusions about the convenience to use one or the other alternative and the best way to operate them are presented. In addition, a specific study case related to a wave energy power generation plant has been carried out in the paper, defining a methodology to select the energy storage requirements, calculating the round-trip efficiency and getting some recommendations related to the most appropriate operation strategy to take the most advantage of the energy storage system.
Jorge Torres; Pablo Moreno-Torres; Gustavo Navarro; Marcos Blanco; Marcos Lafoz. Fast Energy Storage Systems Comparison in Terms of Energy Efficiency for a Specific Application. IEEE Access 2018, 6, 40656 -40672.
AMA StyleJorge Torres, Pablo Moreno-Torres, Gustavo Navarro, Marcos Blanco, Marcos Lafoz. Fast Energy Storage Systems Comparison in Terms of Energy Efficiency for a Specific Application. IEEE Access. 2018; 6 (99):40656-40672.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Torres; Pablo Moreno-Torres; Gustavo Navarro; Marcos Blanco; Marcos Lafoz. 2018. "Fast Energy Storage Systems Comparison in Terms of Energy Efficiency for a Specific Application." IEEE Access 6, no. 99: 40656-40672.
The paper proposes a high speed switched reluctance (SR) drive for aircraft applications, covering the demand of more electric aircrafts (MEA) and defending the particular benefits of this machine technology against others, such as permanent magnet synchronous generators. An appropriate topology of electrical machine and power converter for a high speed DC distribution grid is selected. Firstly, the electromagnetic design of the generator, by means of FEM, is described in detail, paying attention to the problem of the torque ripple and pointing out some solutions to improve it, based on an iterative optimisation of both stator and rotor geometries and phases activation and deactivation angles. Then, the design of power electronics is also analysed, obtaining the required modules and cooling system from a simulation model, using the maximum and average current levels as well as the duty cycles. The model has been developed from the generator electromagnetic design and integrates the control strategy, in charge of controlling the DC-link voltage. An iterative procedure using FEM analysis and the simulation model is also used to validate the thermal and mechanical behaviour of the system. Finally, the integration of the complete electric drive is discussed with the criteria of maintaining the system within the available room and keeping the temperature under the maximum limits. The application of aircraft equipment is specially demanding in terms of robustness, low maintenance, fault tolerance, high temperature and harsh environment, and those are the reasons why the SR generator is a reliable alternative.
M. Lafoz; Pablo Moreno-Torres; J. Torres; Marcos Blanco; G. Navarro. Design methodology of a high speed switched reluctance generator drive for aircrafts. 2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe) 2016, 1 -9.
AMA StyleM. Lafoz, Pablo Moreno-Torres, J. Torres, Marcos Blanco, G. Navarro. Design methodology of a high speed switched reluctance generator drive for aircrafts. 2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe). 2016; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Lafoz; Pablo Moreno-Torres; J. Torres; Marcos Blanco; G. Navarro. 2016. "Design methodology of a high speed switched reluctance generator drive for aircrafts." 2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe) , no. : 1-9.
Pablo Moreno-Torres; Marcos Lafoz; Marcos Blanco; Gustavo Navarro; Jorge Torres; Luis García-Tabarés. Switched Reluctance Drives with Degraded Mode for Electric Vehicles. Modeling and Simulation for Electric Vehicle Applications 2016, 1 .
AMA StylePablo Moreno-Torres, Marcos Lafoz, Marcos Blanco, Gustavo Navarro, Jorge Torres, Luis García-Tabarés. Switched Reluctance Drives with Degraded Mode for Electric Vehicles. Modeling and Simulation for Electric Vehicle Applications. 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePablo Moreno-Torres; Marcos Lafoz; Marcos Blanco; Gustavo Navarro; Jorge Torres; Luis García-Tabarés. 2016. "Switched Reluctance Drives with Degraded Mode for Electric Vehicles." Modeling and Simulation for Electric Vehicle Applications , no. : 1.
Pablo Moreno‐Torres; Marcos Lafoz; Marcos Blanco; Jaime R. Arribas. Passenger Exposure to Magnetic Fields in Electric Vehicles. Modeling and Simulation for Electric Vehicle Applications 2016, 1 .
AMA StylePablo Moreno‐Torres, Marcos Lafoz, Marcos Blanco, Jaime R. Arribas. Passenger Exposure to Magnetic Fields in Electric Vehicles. Modeling and Simulation for Electric Vehicle Applications. 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePablo Moreno‐Torres; Marcos Lafoz; Marcos Blanco; Jaime R. Arribas. 2016. "Passenger Exposure to Magnetic Fields in Electric Vehicles." Modeling and Simulation for Electric Vehicle Applications , no. : 1.
One of the big issues ocean-wave energy faces nowadays is the oscillation of the generated power. Among others, energy storage is a solution that has been widely proposed and validated for an adequate grid or isolated load integration. However, the unpredictability of ocean waves may pose a challenge when specifying the energy storage system (ESS) technology and specifications, especially in the case of stand-alone operation. This study presents a suitable methodology for the design of a certain wave energy converter (WEC) and the calculation of a certain stochastic model of the latter necessary for the subsequent sizing of the ESS. As a result, the storage system is defined in terms of energy, power and type of technology for the specific WEC and chosen location. The problem is accomplished in this study describing systematically the method and solving a particular example of the design of a wave converter in the Gulf of Mexico.
Marcos Lafoz; Marcos Blanco; Lucia Beloqui; Gustavo Navarro; Pablo Moreno‐Torres. Dimensioning methodology for energy storage devices and wave energy converters supplying isolated loads. IET Renewable Power Generation 2016, 10, 1468 -1476.
AMA StyleMarcos Lafoz, Marcos Blanco, Lucia Beloqui, Gustavo Navarro, Pablo Moreno‐Torres. Dimensioning methodology for energy storage devices and wave energy converters supplying isolated loads. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2016; 10 (10):1468-1476.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Lafoz; Marcos Blanco; Lucia Beloqui; Gustavo Navarro; Pablo Moreno‐Torres. 2016. "Dimensioning methodology for energy storage devices and wave energy converters supplying isolated loads." IET Renewable Power Generation 10, no. 10: 1468-1476.
Wave energy conversion has an essential difference from other renewable energies since the dependence between the devices design and the energy resource is stronger. Dimensioning is therefore considered a key stage when a design project of Wave Energy Converters (WEC) is undertaken. Location, WEC concept, Power Take-Off (PTO) type, control strategy and hydrodynamic resonance considerations are some of the critical aspects to take into account to achieve a good performance. The paper proposes an automatic dimensioning methodology to be accomplished at the initial design project stages and the following elements are described to carry out the study: an optimization design algorithm, its objective functions and restrictions, a PTO model, as well as a procedure to evaluate the WEC energy production. After that, a parametric analysis is included considering different combinations of the key parameters previously introduced. A variety of study cases are analysed from the point of view of energy production for different design-parameters and all of them are compared with a reference case. Finally, a discussion is presented based on the results obtained, and some recommendations to face the WEC design stage are given.
Marcos Blanco; Pablo Moreno-Torres; Marcos Lafoz; Dionisio Ramirez. Design Parameters Analysis of Point Absorber WEC via an evolutionary-algorithm-based Dimensioning Tool. Energies 2015, 8, 11203 -11233.
AMA StyleMarcos Blanco, Pablo Moreno-Torres, Marcos Lafoz, Dionisio Ramirez. Design Parameters Analysis of Point Absorber WEC via an evolutionary-algorithm-based Dimensioning Tool. Energies. 2015; 8 (10):11203-11233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Blanco; Pablo Moreno-Torres; Marcos Lafoz; Dionisio Ramirez. 2015. "Design Parameters Analysis of Point Absorber WEC via an evolutionary-algorithm-based Dimensioning Tool." Energies 8, no. 10: 11203-11233.
One of the main issues of wave energy nowadays is the oscillation of the generated power, which is due to the oscillating nature of the waves. These power fluctuations may have an important undesired impact on the electrical grid. This paper proposes a system that compensates power oscillations in wave energy applications by means of a supercapacitor-based energy storage system. A laboratory test bench is used to emulate wave power oscillations and to partially suppress them. The paper describes the control strategy implemented in the test bench and includes experimental results for regular waves.
Pablo Moreno-Torres; Marcos Blanco; G. Navarro; M. Lafoz. Power smoothing system for wave energy converters by means of a supercapacitor-based energy storage system. 2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe) 2015, 1 -9.
AMA StylePablo Moreno-Torres, Marcos Blanco, G. Navarro, M. Lafoz. Power smoothing system for wave energy converters by means of a supercapacitor-based energy storage system. 2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe). 2015; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StylePablo Moreno-Torres; Marcos Blanco; G. Navarro; M. Lafoz. 2015. "Power smoothing system for wave energy converters by means of a supercapacitor-based energy storage system." 2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe) , no. : 1-9.