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The aims of the present study were to compare the percentages of articular cartilage removed using a lateral drilling approach of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) and a dorsal drilling approach, and to assess the usefulness of digital fluoroscopy when performing a lateral drilling approach. Sixty cadaveric PIPJs were drilled using a surgical drill bit to remove the articular cartilage. The limbs were divided into three groups containing 10 forelimbs and 10 hindlimbs each. One group received the dorsal drilling approach, the second one received the lateral drilling approach and the last one received the lateral drilling approach under digital fluoroscopy guidance. The percentage of articular cartilage removed from each articular surface was assessed using Adobe Photoshop ® software. The percentages of removed cartilage turned out to be significantly higher with lateral approach, especially under fluoroscopic guidance, both in the forelimbs (p = 0.00712) and hindlimbs (p = 0.00962). In conclusion, the lateral drilling approach seems to be a minimally invasive technique with which to perform PIPJ arthrodesis, even more efficient than the previously reported dorsal approach.
Alessandro Spadari; Giulia Forni; Sara Del Magno; Claudio Tagliavia; Marco Canova; Annamaria Grandis; Riccardo Rinnovati. The Comparison of Latero-Medial versus Dorso-Palmar/Plantar Drilling for Cartilage Removal in the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint. Animals 2021, 11, 1838 .
AMA StyleAlessandro Spadari, Giulia Forni, Sara Del Magno, Claudio Tagliavia, Marco Canova, Annamaria Grandis, Riccardo Rinnovati. The Comparison of Latero-Medial versus Dorso-Palmar/Plantar Drilling for Cartilage Removal in the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1838.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandro Spadari; Giulia Forni; Sara Del Magno; Claudio Tagliavia; Marco Canova; Annamaria Grandis; Riccardo Rinnovati. 2021. "The Comparison of Latero-Medial versus Dorso-Palmar/Plantar Drilling for Cartilage Removal in the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint." Animals 11, no. 6: 1838.
Severe equine asthma (EA) syndrome is a chronic obstructive disease characterized by exaggerated contraction, inflammation, and structural alteration of the airways in adult horses, when exposed to airborne molds and particulate material. However, little is known about the relationship between the degree and type of inflammation on one hand, and the severity of the disease and the response to treatment on the other. Furthermore, to date, very few studies evaluate the diagnostic value of histology and immunohistochemical features of endoscopic biopsies on subjects with severe equine asthma. To investigate the expression of two inflammatory markers (NKA and IL-8) before, during, and after the exacerbation of severe EA, a histological and immunohistochemical study was carried out on a series of biopsy samples collected by bronchoscopy from six EA-affected horses subjected to process exacerbation through environmental stimuli and then to pharmacological treatment. The application of a histological biopsy scoring system revealed a significant difference between control cases and the EA-affected horses in all experimental phases (asymptomatic, early exacerbation phase, late exacerbation phase, and remission phase). For immunohistochemistry (IHC), only the intensity of NKA positivity increases significantly between control horses and the EA horses at late exacerbation and remission phases. In EA-affected horses, a difference was detected by comparing histology between asymptomatic and remission phase, meanwhile, NKA and IL-8 showed no differences between the experimental phases. Based on these results we can assert that: (1) The endoscopic biopsies generate reliable and homogeneous samples in the entire bronchial tree; (2) the clinical improvement associated with treatment is characterized by a significant worsening of the histological findings; and (3) the NKA immunopositivity seems to increase significantly rather than decrease, as one would have expected, after pharmacological treatment. Further studies are necessary both to implement the number of samples and to use other markers of inflammation to characterize the potential role of cytokines in the diagnosis and therapeutic approach of severe equine asthma.
Maria Morini; Angelo Peli; Riccardo Rinnovati; Giuseppe Magazzù; Noemi Romagnoli; Alessandro Spadari; Marco Pietra. Immunohistochemical Expression of Neurokinin-A and Interleukin-8 in the Bronchial Epithelium of Horses with Severe Equine Asthma Syndrome during Asymptomatic, Exacerbation, and Remission Phase. Animals 2021, 11, 1376 .
AMA StyleMaria Morini, Angelo Peli, Riccardo Rinnovati, Giuseppe Magazzù, Noemi Romagnoli, Alessandro Spadari, Marco Pietra. Immunohistochemical Expression of Neurokinin-A and Interleukin-8 in the Bronchial Epithelium of Horses with Severe Equine Asthma Syndrome during Asymptomatic, Exacerbation, and Remission Phase. Animals. 2021; 11 (5):1376.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Morini; Angelo Peli; Riccardo Rinnovati; Giuseppe Magazzù; Noemi Romagnoli; Alessandro Spadari; Marco Pietra. 2021. "Immunohistochemical Expression of Neurokinin-A and Interleukin-8 in the Bronchial Epithelium of Horses with Severe Equine Asthma Syndrome during Asymptomatic, Exacerbation, and Remission Phase." Animals 11, no. 5: 1376.
Botulism, a severe neuroparalytic disease that can affect humans, all warm-blooded animals, and some fishes, is caused by exotoxins produced by ubiquitous, obligate anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria belonging to the genus Clostridium and named botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)-producing clostridia. This report presents the case of a 3-year-old donkey mare referred for progressive and worsening dysphagia of four days’ duration. Her voluntary effort in eating and drinking was conserved, and she was able to slow chew without swallowing. A complete neurological examination was performed, and botulism was strongly suspected. The ability to swallow feed and water returned on the tenth day of hospitalization and improved progressively. The jenny was discharged from the hospital after fifteen days. During the hospitalization, the Italian National Reference Centre for Botulism confirmed the diagnosis: mare’s feces were positive for BoNT/B and Clostridium botulinum type B.
Aliai Lanci; Riccardo Rinnovati; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Concetta Scalfaro; Marika Menchetti; Alessandro Spadari; Jole Mariella. The First Case of Botulism in a Donkey. Veterinary Sciences 2019, 6, 43 .
AMA StyleAliai Lanci, Riccardo Rinnovati, Fabrizio Anniballi, Bruna Auricchio, Concetta Scalfaro, Marika Menchetti, Alessandro Spadari, Jole Mariella. The First Case of Botulism in a Donkey. Veterinary Sciences. 2019; 6 (2):43.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAliai Lanci; Riccardo Rinnovati; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Concetta Scalfaro; Marika Menchetti; Alessandro Spadari; Jole Mariella. 2019. "The First Case of Botulism in a Donkey." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 2: 43.
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) commonly refers to blood products which contain a higher platelet (PLT) concentration as compared to normal plasma. Autologous PRP has been shown to be safe and effective in promoting the natural processes of soft tissue healing or reconstruction in humans and horses. Variability in PLT concentration has been observed in practice between PRP preparations from different patients or from the same individual under different conditions. A change in PLT concentration could modify PRP efficacy in routine applications. The aim of this study was to test the influence of environmental, individual and agonistic variables on the PLT concentration of PRP in horses. Six healthy Standardbred mares were exposed to six different variables with a one-week washout period between variables, and PRP was subsequently obtained from each horse. The variables were time of withdrawal during the day (morning/evening), hydration status (overhydration/dehydration) treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs and training periods on a treadmill. The platelet concentration was significantly higher in horses treated with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (P = 0.03). The leukocyte concentration increased 2-9 fold with respect to whole blood in the PRP which was obtained after exposure to all the variable considered. Environmental variation in platelet concentration should be taken into consideration during PRP preparation.
Riccardo Rinnovati; Noemi Romagnoli; Fabio Gentilini; Carlotta Lambertini; Alessandro Spadari. The influence of environmental variables on platelet concentration in horse platelet-rich plasma. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2015, 58, 45 .
AMA StyleRiccardo Rinnovati, Noemi Romagnoli, Fabio Gentilini, Carlotta Lambertini, Alessandro Spadari. The influence of environmental variables on platelet concentration in horse platelet-rich plasma. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 2015; 58 (1):45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Rinnovati; Noemi Romagnoli; Fabio Gentilini; Carlotta Lambertini; Alessandro Spadari. 2015. "The influence of environmental variables on platelet concentration in horse platelet-rich plasma." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 58, no. 1: 45.