In the highly populated analysed territory, the expansion of the construction zones and the pressure imposed on the slopes by the housing and transport infrastructure led to the appearance and reactivation of mass movement processes that affects the population and the environment. The purpose of this study consist in applying the principles of bivariate statistical analysis in order to determine the dynamic potential of a territory, taking into account the statistical relationship between the independent variables represented by predisposing and triggering factors of landslides (slope, geology, land use etc.) and dependent variables, in this case: landslides. The identification of the degree of validation of the results was determined by calculating the AUROC (Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic) value, whose value of 0.854 highlights the representativeness of the chosen model. The analysis of landslides susceptibility highlights the inclusion of the territory represented by the hills surrounding Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area, Romania, on the classes of spatial occurrence of these processes.

Floods are natural disasters that cause damage, loss of life, and economic problems throughout the world. Part of these losses can be minimized with the help of different methodologies and tools used to prepare simulations, analyses, and data monitoring to predict such phenomena in time. The metropolitan area of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, is the study area of this paper and it is located in Floresti, the largest rural settlement in Romania. In this area, changes in urbanization, land use, and the expansion of urban areas in a chaotic mode represent a problem. This study focuses on an area prone to flooding due to its proximity to the Somes River. Previous events of this type have caused economic losses that must be considered. This approach combines photogrammetric methods for obtaining data from the field with topographical methods for establishing control points and GIS methods for data processing, modeling, and simulation to obtain the necessary data for flood prevention and intervention.

Brownfields are a real problem which affects the urban appearance of cities and the quality of life of their inhabitants. In Romania, industrial areas were mainly concentrated on the outskirts of large cities, in the immediate vicinity of residential areas. With the closing of factories and the additional population of the big cities, there was a need for expansion of residential areas with a social-economic function. This paper proposes a case study from the classical surveying measurement equipment (GNSS—Global Navigation Satellite System and TS—Total Station) for land use planning of brownfield regeneration projects. The chosen area is in the northwest part of Romania, in Cluj-Napoca, where a former brick factory was closed, leaving behind unaesthetic and unused land. In this paper, it is suggested that a better understanding of the way in which UAV—Unmanned Aerial Vehicle—aerial photogrammetry can contribute to providing information for the design and development of this area. In addition, this study confirms the advantages of effective and practical use of the obtained geospatial information for the design of a residential complex in the studied area, a complex proposed as a sustainable alternative to the former industrial area. Observation and analysis of the differences between the two topo-geodetic works were carried out with the help of UAV technology, such as GNSS—Global Navigation Satellite System and TS—Total Station technology, respectively, to create a topographic plan, level curves, and 3D models made of the building in the study area.

The promotion during the last decades of the concept of sustainable agriculture attracted the application of principles that lead to agriculture technologies which are both technically and economically productive, providing effective solutions for protecting the environment and the consumers. They also insure the productivity of the factors involved and also an optimization of the production components. The goal of this research is to scientifically and economically substantiate the differentiated fertilization systems involved in obtaining high productions in the reference area. In this study it was track the effect of the nitrogen-phosphorous interaction in achieving the corn productions obtained in 2011. The research presents the stated results as annual (partial) values and as being reference values for further experimental years and obviously with approaches that will economically substantiate the suggested solutions. The current research is based on the production results obtained on corn crops (Turda STAR Variety) in long term experiments conducted on an argyle chernozem soil in Turda (Cluj County). The production data are obtained from these experiments, which hold objectives that target both the effect and economic efficiency of differentiated fertilizations on corn productions and also the impact of fertilizers on the soil fertility evolution, on the quality of the productions obtained. The field experience which underpins the achievement of objectives is a bi-factorial structure that tracks the effect of the NP interaction on corn. The rate of return, as a mean of all the values that derive from all nitrogen-phosphorous combinations was at a very high level, 80%, with a maximum of the individual values reached at the fertilizing combination N200P160, at which the value of the production increase due to the applied dose, reached the maximum value (6041kg/ha). The revenue obtained from the production increase for 1 leu spent was of 2,02 lei. In case of corn crops, especially Turda STAR hybrid and an intensive fertilization, it can be currently obtained 12-14 t grains of corn per hectare. Corn is not as sensitive as wheat, for example, to an imbalanced NP ratio and responds to this through high productions even for N overdoses, that can sustain high and economic corn grain productions per surface unit.

The closure of coal mines generates numerous environmental problems, including the accumulation and circulation of water in the affected perimeters. Problems with water drainage on the surface of disused coal mines generally develop when groundwater and surface water enter the exploited areas and come into contact with primary and secondary minerals under oxide conditions. During contact with these minerals, water can dissolve the components of the ore and minerals that make up the rock. This paper investigates the use of GIS technologies to simulate the hydrological modelling of surface water on a former coal mine, in order to understand the processes of drainage, accumulation and their impact on the environment. By mapping areas with UAV technology, integrating climate and geological data into digital terrain models (DTMs) and using hydrological algorithms, the study evaluates runoff directions, accumulation areas and risks associated with water contamination. The results obtained contribute to a better management of these areas and to the implementation of sustainable solutions for the restoration of ecosystems affected by mining activities. The purpose of this work is the scientific study of a simulation of the formation of the hydrographic network exposed to the climatic factors constantly existing in the environment, created on the surface of a land of a former exploitation mine, by collecting data on the topography of the land. A mining operation is a site where mineral resources are extracted from the earth's subsoil. The hydrological study of an area has an applicability in the management of water resources because by understanding the way water circulates on a certain surface, we can efficiently manage water resources. This includes assessing the amount of water available, identifying water sources and establishing the necessary measures for its conservation and sustainable use, and analysing the water runoff regime through which flood-prone areas can be identified.

The exploitation of the gem salt from the Targu Ocna Salt Mine, Trotuș Mine, Romania, due to the mining voids created, the initial stability of the massif was destroyed, the hydrogeological conditions of the deposit were gradually modified. The sterile intercalations, especially clayey, which acted as a protective shield against water infiltration, being cracked or broken, opened the possibility of water infiltration through the stratification planes, faults, fissures and cracks. The water coming from the condensation on the ceiling, walls and hearth of the mining works produced superficial dissolution phenomena. After drying, the solidified salt remained on the surfaces of the ceiling, walls or hearth of the excavated spaces. The most illustrative area in this regard is the entrance from the car plan to the V horizon of the Trotus Mine, where the hearth and the ceiling of the rooms are covered with recrystallized salt. On 17.10.2024, when a visit was made underground, before the entrance gate and then approx. 100 meters, at the hearth of the room there were numerous puddles, with a depth of 5-10 cm. The presence of water in the salt massif generated dissolution phenomena, which affected the bearing capacity of the resistance elements, pillars and floors, in two ways, namely the reduction of the values of the mechanical resistances over time and the reduction of the dimensions of the resistance elements, due to the dissolutions. The limitation of the phenomena of infiltration of water into the groundwater can be achieved, in the first instance, by carrying out, on the surface, some water capture and drainage works, apart from the cones of collapse of the old basins. In this regard, guard channels, gutters, ditches, or regularization works of the riverbeds of the Trifu and Grebleş streams that cross the exploitation perimeter can be built. In order to monitor the stability of the land surface in the salt mining perimeter, in addition to the topographic landmarks, located on the area adjacent to the perimeter, continuous monitoring of the morphology of the land was introduced, through aerial photogrammetry from drones. This method allows the construction of continuous, high-precision three-dimensional digital models of the land surface of the entire mining perimeter.