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Saiful Islam
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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Article
Published: 30 July 2021 in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
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This paper has focused on investigating the structure, dielectric, and magnetic characteristic of Sn-ZnO nanopowder with Sn (x = 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) synthesized by the co-precipitation technique. Our objective was to obtain the material of low dielectric constant, high electrical conductivity, and magnetism. X-ray diffraction confirmed the Sn-ZnO nanoparticles have a ZnO-like hexagonal structure. It is found that the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and a.c conductivity of doped nanoparticles were frequency-dependent. The dielectric constant of all the doped samples were increased by the increase in the Sn-doped concentration, while the decrease in frequency increased the dielectric constant and loss. Moreover, the a.c conductivity was increased by the increase in Sn concentration and frequency. Ferromagnetism was observed in ZnO doped with 4% and 6% Sn at room temperature. In addition, a robust magnetic hysteresis loop was observed for doped with 4% Sn to ZnO nanopowder at 300 K with coercive field (Hc) ~ 49 Oe and remnant magnetization (Mr) ~ 0.189 emu/g. The loss of magnetism at higher Sn- ZnO nanopowder was assigned to the suppression of ferromagnetism through paramagnetic interactions. The experimental results showed that 4% Sn- ZnO became ferromagnetic, its lattice shrink and size decreased, which is important for excellent magnetic properties and electrical conductivity. These types of materials have a large number of applications in high-frequency devices, ultrahigh dielectric material gas sensors, spintronics, and optoelectronics.

ACS Style

Rajwali Khan; Vineet Tirth; Amjad Ali; Kashif Irshad; Nasir Rahman; Ali Algahtani; Mohammad Sohail; Saiful Isalm. Effect of Sn-doping on the structural, optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles for spintronics applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 2021, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Rajwali Khan, Vineet Tirth, Amjad Ali, Kashif Irshad, Nasir Rahman, Ali Algahtani, Mohammad Sohail, Saiful Isalm. Effect of Sn-doping on the structural, optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles for spintronics applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 2021; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rajwali Khan; Vineet Tirth; Amjad Ali; Kashif Irshad; Nasir Rahman; Ali Algahtani; Mohammad Sohail; Saiful Isalm. 2021. "Effect of Sn-doping on the structural, optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles for spintronics applications." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics , no. : 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Cu- and Sm-doped ZnO nanorod arrays were grown with 1 wt% of Sm and different weight percents (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt%) of Cu by two-step hydrothermal method. The influence of Cu concentration and precursor of Sm on the structural, optical and photovoltaic properties of ZnO nanorod arrays was investigated. An X-ray diffraction study showed that the nanorod arrays grown along the (002) plane, i.e., c-axis, had hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. The lattice strain is present in all samples and shows an increasing trend with Cu/Sm concentration. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphology and the nanorod arrays grown vertically on the FTO substrates. The diameter of nanorod arrays ranged from 68 nm to 137 nm and was found highly dependent on Cu concentration and Sm precursor while the density of nanorod arrays almost remains the same. The grown nanorod arrays served as photoelectrodes for fabricating dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The overall light to electricity conversion efficiency ranged from 1.74% (sample S1, doped with 1 wt% of Sm and 0.0 wt% of Cu) to more than 4.14% (sample S4, doped with 1 wt% of Sm and 1.5 wt% of Cu), which is 60% higher than former sample S1. The increment in DSSCs efficiency is attributed either because of the doping of Sm3+ ions which increase the absorption region of light spectrum by up/down conversion or the doping of Cu ions which decrease the recombination and backward transfer of photo-generated electrons and increase the electron transport mobility. This work indicates that the coupled use of Cu and Sm in ZnO nanorod array films have the potential to enhance the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells.

ACS Style

Muhammad Saleem; Ali Algahtani; Saif Rehman; Muhammad Javed; Kashif Irshad; Hafiz Ali; Muhammad Malik; Amjad Ali; Vineet Tirth; Saiful Islam. Solution Processed Zn1−xySmxCuyO Nanorod Arrays for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1710 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Saleem, Ali Algahtani, Saif Rehman, Muhammad Javed, Kashif Irshad, Hafiz Ali, Muhammad Malik, Amjad Ali, Vineet Tirth, Saiful Islam. Solution Processed Zn1−xySmxCuyO Nanorod Arrays for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (7):1710.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Saleem; Ali Algahtani; Saif Rehman; Muhammad Javed; Kashif Irshad; Hafiz Ali; Muhammad Malik; Amjad Ali; Vineet Tirth; Saiful Islam. 2021. "Solution Processed Zn1−xySmxCuyO Nanorod Arrays for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7: 1710.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Sustainability
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The environmental and economic concerns pertaining to the construction industry have necessitated the development of sustainable concrete. Durability and strength are the two primary properties which determine the sustainability of concrete. This study evaluated the performance of self-cured concrete produced from local vesicular basalt porous aggregates. The durability indicators, porosity, permeability and pore size of the hardened concrete, were obtained from the water sorptivity (water permeability under capillary action) test, the water permeability under pressure action test and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area test and strength was evaluated in terms of compressive strength of concrete. The concrete specimens were produced with 10% porous vesicular basalt aggregate in replacement of coarse aggregate. The concrete specimens were tested at 3, 7 and 28 days. The self-curing effect on concrete strength was evaluated against water, air and membrane cured specimens, at surface/volume ratio of 26.4/40 and w/c ratio of 0.35/0.5. A 20% decrease in sorptivity coefficient, 10% increase in solid surface area and about 10% increase in compressive strength of the self-cured concrete was observed over the conventionally cured concrete. The study concludes that the addition of water-entrainment aggregates to concrete reduces water permeability, results in a finer pore structure of concrete and increases the quality and durability of concrete.

ACS Style

Mohd. Ahmed; Saeed AlQadhi; Saleh Alsulamy; Saiful Islam; Roohul Khan; Mohd. Danish. Development of Self-Cured Sustainable Concrete Using Local Water-Entrainment Aggregates of Vesicular Basalt. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6756 .

AMA Style

Mohd. Ahmed, Saeed AlQadhi, Saleh Alsulamy, Saiful Islam, Roohul Khan, Mohd. Danish. Development of Self-Cured Sustainable Concrete Using Local Water-Entrainment Aggregates of Vesicular Basalt. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6756.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd. Ahmed; Saeed AlQadhi; Saleh Alsulamy; Saiful Islam; Roohul Khan; Mohd. Danish. 2021. "Development of Self-Cured Sustainable Concrete Using Local Water-Entrainment Aggregates of Vesicular Basalt." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6756.

Review
Published: 01 June 2021 in Crystals
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Today is the era of nanoscience and nanotechnology, which find applications in the field of medicine, electronics, and environmental remediation. Even though nanotechnology is in its emerging phase, it continues to provide solutions to numerous challenges. Nanotechnology and nanoparticles are found to be very effective because of their unique chemical and physical properties and high surface area, but their high cost is one of the major hurdles to its wider application. So, the synthesis of nanomaterials, especially 2D nanomaterials from industrial, agricultural, and other biological activities, could provide a cost-effective technique. The nanomaterials synthesized from such waste not only minimize pollution, but also provide an eco-friendly approach towards the utilization of the waste. In the present review work, emphasis has been given to the types of nanomaterials, different methods for the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials from the waste generated from industries, agriculture, and their application in electronics, medicine, and catalysis.

ACS Style

Virendra Yadav; Parth Malik; Afzal Khan; Priti Pandit; Mohd Hasan; Marina Cabral-Pinto; Saiful Islam; R. Suriyaprabha; Krishna Yadav; Pedro Dinis; Samreen Khan; Luisa Diniz. Recent Advances on Properties and Utility of Nanomaterials Generated from Industrial and Biological Activities. Crystals 2021, 11, 634 .

AMA Style

Virendra Yadav, Parth Malik, Afzal Khan, Priti Pandit, Mohd Hasan, Marina Cabral-Pinto, Saiful Islam, R. Suriyaprabha, Krishna Yadav, Pedro Dinis, Samreen Khan, Luisa Diniz. Recent Advances on Properties and Utility of Nanomaterials Generated from Industrial and Biological Activities. Crystals. 2021; 11 (6):634.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Virendra Yadav; Parth Malik; Afzal Khan; Priti Pandit; Mohd Hasan; Marina Cabral-Pinto; Saiful Islam; R. Suriyaprabha; Krishna Yadav; Pedro Dinis; Samreen Khan; Luisa Diniz. 2021. "Recent Advances on Properties and Utility of Nanomaterials Generated from Industrial and Biological Activities." Crystals 11, no. 6: 634.

Review
Published: 06 May 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Every year a million tonnes of calcium rich agro and industrial waste are generated around the whole globe. These calcium rich waste like finger citron, shells of cockle, mussel, oysters etc., and egg shell are biological sources which have various organic compounds. The inorganic calcium rich waste includes gypsum, dolomite, sludge etc., which are produced in surplus amount globally. Most of these by-products are mainly dumped, while few are used for land-filling purposes which leads to the pollution. These agro and industrial by-products could be processed for the recovery of calcium carbonate and calcium oxide particles by physical and chemical method. The recovery of calcium carbonate and calcium oxide particles from such by products make them biocompatible. Moreover, the products are economical due to their synthesis from waste materials. Here, in this current review work we have emphasized on the all the calcium rich agro industries and industrial by products, especially their processing by various approaches. Further, we have also focused on the properties and application of such calcium carbonate and oxide particles for the remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants from the environments. The recovery of such particles from these byproducts is considered not only economical and eco-friendly but it also minimizes the pollution present in the form of solid waste.

ACS Style

Virendra Yadav; Krishna Yadav; Marina Cabral-Pinto; Nisha Choudhary; Govindhan Gnanamoorthy; Vineet Tirth; Shiv Prasad; Afzal Khan; Saiful Islam; Nadeem Khan. The Processing of Calcium Rich Agricultural and Industrial Waste for Recovery of Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Oxide and Their Application for Environmental Cleanup: A Review. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4212 .

AMA Style

Virendra Yadav, Krishna Yadav, Marina Cabral-Pinto, Nisha Choudhary, Govindhan Gnanamoorthy, Vineet Tirth, Shiv Prasad, Afzal Khan, Saiful Islam, Nadeem Khan. The Processing of Calcium Rich Agricultural and Industrial Waste for Recovery of Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Oxide and Their Application for Environmental Cleanup: A Review. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):4212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Virendra Yadav; Krishna Yadav; Marina Cabral-Pinto; Nisha Choudhary; Govindhan Gnanamoorthy; Vineet Tirth; Shiv Prasad; Afzal Khan; Saiful Islam; Nadeem Khan. 2021. "The Processing of Calcium Rich Agricultural and Industrial Waste for Recovery of Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Oxide and Their Application for Environmental Cleanup: A Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 4212.

Review
Published: 02 April 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Nanotechnology has emerged as a field with promising applications in building materials. Nanotechnology-based mortars are examples of such building materials that have widespread applications in the construction industry. The main nanomaterials used in mortars include nano-silica, nano-magnesium oxide, nano-alumina, nano-titanium oxide, nano-zinc oxide, nano-clay, and nano-carbon. This review paper presents a summary of the properties and effects of these nanomaterials on cement mortar in terms of its fresh-state and hard-state properties. The fresh-state properties include the setting time, consistency, and workability, while the hard-state properties include mechanical properties such as compressive, flexural, tensile strengths, as well as the elasticity modulus, in addition to durability properties such as water absorption, shrinkage strain, strength loss due to freeze–thaw cycles, and chloride penetration, among others. Different nanomaterials cause different physical and chemical alterations within the microstructures of cement mortar. Therefore, the microstructural characterization and densification of mortar are discussed in detail at varying temperatures. In general, the involvement of nanomaterials in cement mortar influences the fresh-state properties, enhances the mechanical properties, and impacts the durability properties, while reducing the porosity present in the mortar matrix. Cementitious nanomaterials can create a pathway for the easy injection of binding materials into the internal microstructures of a hydration gel to impact the hydration process at different rates, whereas their non-cementitious counterparts can act as fillers. Furthermore, the research gaps and future outlook regarding the application of nanomaterials in mortar are discussed.

ACS Style

M. Khan; M. Imam; Kashif Irshad; Hafiz Ali; Mohd Hasan; Saiful Islam. Comparative Overview of the Performance of Cementitious and Non-Cementitious Nanomaterials in Mortar at Normal and Elevated Temperatures. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 911 .

AMA Style

M. Khan, M. Imam, Kashif Irshad, Hafiz Ali, Mohd Hasan, Saiful Islam. Comparative Overview of the Performance of Cementitious and Non-Cementitious Nanomaterials in Mortar at Normal and Elevated Temperatures. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (4):911.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Khan; M. Imam; Kashif Irshad; Hafiz Ali; Mohd Hasan; Saiful Islam. 2021. "Comparative Overview of the Performance of Cementitious and Non-Cementitious Nanomaterials in Mortar at Normal and Elevated Temperatures." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4: 911.

Original paper
Published: 15 March 2021 in Arabian Journal of Geosciences
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Investigating the spatiotemporal variation of meteorological parameters in the context of changing climate, particularly in countries where rainfall is sparse and agriculture is predominant contributor to economy, is vital to assess climate-induced changes and plan necessary adaptation strategies. To gain insight, trend analysis has been employed to inspect and quantify the change of precipitation in the highland of Aseer region of Saudi Arabia. Forty-eight-year long historical rainfall data series (1970–2017) from 30 rain gauges scattered across the study region was used for the analysis. Considering high spatial and temporal variability of rainfall data, the temporal scale chosen for the study was annual, rainy season (Mar–Jun), and bi-monthly. The trend was investigated using Mann–Kendall (MK) test. For serially correlated rainfall data series, modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) was applied for trend detection. Two variants of modified Mann-Kendall test were used in this study, namely, modified Mann–Kendall test using variance correction approach (mk1ylag) and bootstrapped Mann–Kendall Trend (pbmk) test. For quantification of trend magnitude, Theil–Sen approach (TSA) was used for calculation of Sen’s slope. Further, the abrupt change year detection in the trend was carried out using sequential Mann–Kendall (SQMK). All tests were performed using R-script. The application of abovementioned statistical test has shown statistically significant decreasing trend across majority of the stations at all temporal scale. It is observed that 10 stations located along the north-west to south-west boundary in mountainous region do not exhibit any significant trend. However, seven stations numbered as 14, 15, 38, 46, 514, 31 and 538 showed decreasing trends during most of the temporal scale. On analysing the trend magnitude of these seven stations, top three highest decreasing trend was found at station 31, 538, and 514 with trend magnitude as −9.325, −9.059, −7.516 mm/year, respectively. These three stations are located on north-west upper part of the study region. To understand the decade during which most of the stations experienced abrupt change, the period of 1970–2017 was broken down into four decades, 1980–1990; 1990–2000; 2000–2010; 2010–2017. Using SQMK, it was inferred that the decade of 2000–2010 witnessed drastic shift. Particularly for rainy season time series data, it is observed that the shift had occurred during the initial part of the decade 2000–2010 which can be attributed to increasing population and accelerated urbanisation. This result of declining and erratic trend of rainfall should be considered to design future strategies for agricultural sector, food security policy of the country and future water resource planning and management.

ACS Style

Majed AlSubih; Madhuri Kumari; Javed Mallick; Raghu Ramakrishnan; Saiful Islam; Chander Kumar Singh. Time series trend analysis of rainfall in last five decades and its quantification in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2021, 14, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Majed AlSubih, Madhuri Kumari, Javed Mallick, Raghu Ramakrishnan, Saiful Islam, Chander Kumar Singh. Time series trend analysis of rainfall in last five decades and its quantification in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2021; 14 (6):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Majed AlSubih; Madhuri Kumari; Javed Mallick; Raghu Ramakrishnan; Saiful Islam; Chander Kumar Singh. 2021. "Time series trend analysis of rainfall in last five decades and its quantification in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 14, no. 6: 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Au-doped ZnO–samarium nitrate (Sm) nanoparticles with fixed concentrations of Sm (1 wt %) and various concentrations of Au (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt %) were prepared and used as photoelectrodes to enhance the photovoltaic efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The cell fabricated with 1.5 wt % of Au-doped ZnO–Sm nanoparticles film achieved an optimal efficiency of 4.35%, which is about 76% higher than that of 0.0 wt % of Au-doped ZnO–Sm-based cell (2.47%). This increase might be due to the formation of a blocking layer at the ZnO–Sm/Au interface, which inhibits the recombination of electrons. This increase may also be attributed to the addition of rare-earth ions in ZnO to enhance the non-absorbable wavelength region of light via up/down-conversion of near-infrared and ultraviolet radiations to visible emission and reduce the recombination loss of electron in the cell. The efficiency of cells may be increased by the blocking layer and up/down-conversion process and thus promote the overall performance of the cells. This work indicates that Au-doped ZnO–Sm nanoparticle films have the potential to increase the performance of DSSCs.

ACS Style

Muhammad Saleem; Kashif Irshad; Saif Ur Rehman; M. Javed; Mohd Hasan; Hafiz Ali; Amjad Ali; Muhammad Malik; Saiful Islam. Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 702 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Saleem, Kashif Irshad, Saif Ur Rehman, M. Javed, Mohd Hasan, Hafiz Ali, Amjad Ali, Muhammad Malik, Saiful Islam. Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (3):702.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Saleem; Kashif Irshad; Saif Ur Rehman; M. Javed; Mohd Hasan; Hafiz Ali; Amjad Ali; Muhammad Malik; Saiful Islam. 2021. "Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3: 702.

Review
Published: 04 March 2021 in Applied Sciences
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In the present era, the global need for food is increasing rapidly; nanomaterials are a useful tool for improving crop production and yield. The application of nanomaterials can improve plant growth parameters. Biotic stress is induced by many microbes in crops and causes disease and high yield loss. Every year, approximately 20–40% of crop yield is lost due to plant diseases caused by various pests and pathogens. Current plant disease or biotic stress management mainly relies on toxic fungicides and pesticides that are potentially harmful to the environment. Nanotechnology emerged as an alternative for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of biotic stress induced by pests and pathogens on crops. In this review article, we assess the role and impact of different nanoparticles in plant disease management, and this review explores the direction in which nanoparticles can be utilized for improving plant growth and crop yield.

ACS Style

Masudulla Khan; Azhar Khan; Mohd Hasan; Krishna Yadav; Marina Pinto; Nazia Malik; Virendra Yadav; Afzal Khan; Saiful Islam; Gulshan Sharma. Agro-Nanotechnology as an Emerging Field: A Novel Sustainable Approach for Improving Plant Growth by Reducing Biotic Stress. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 2282 .

AMA Style

Masudulla Khan, Azhar Khan, Mohd Hasan, Krishna Yadav, Marina Pinto, Nazia Malik, Virendra Yadav, Afzal Khan, Saiful Islam, Gulshan Sharma. Agro-Nanotechnology as an Emerging Field: A Novel Sustainable Approach for Improving Plant Growth by Reducing Biotic Stress. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (5):2282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masudulla Khan; Azhar Khan; Mohd Hasan; Krishna Yadav; Marina Pinto; Nazia Malik; Virendra Yadav; Afzal Khan; Saiful Islam; Gulshan Sharma. 2021. "Agro-Nanotechnology as an Emerging Field: A Novel Sustainable Approach for Improving Plant Growth by Reducing Biotic Stress." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5: 2282.

Research article
Published: 15 February 2021 in International Journal of Photoenergy
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In an attempt to meet the global demand, renewable energy systems (RES) have gained an interest in it due to the availability of the resources, especially solar photovoltaic system that has been an importance since many years because of per watt cost reduction, improvement in efficiency, and abundant availability. Photovoltaic system in remote and rural areas is very useful where a grid supply is unavailable. In this scenario, power electronic converters are an integral part of the renewable energy systems particularly for electronic devices which are operated from renewable energy sources and energy storage system (fuel cell and batteries). In this article, a new topology of charge pump capacitor (CPC) which is based on high voltage gain technique DC-DC boost converter (DCBC) with dynamic modeling is proposed. To testify the efficacy of the introduced topology, a prototype has been developed in a laboratory, where input was given 10VDC and 80VDC output voltage achieved at the load side. Furthermore, the experimental result shows that the voltage stress of MOSFET switches is very less in comparison with the conventional boost converter with the same parameters as the proposed converter.

ACS Style

Muhammad Zeeshan Malik; Vineet Tirth; Amjad Ali; Ajmal Farooq; Ali Algahtani; Rajesh Verma; Saiful Islam; Kashif Irshad; Ahmed N. Abdalla. Efficient Topology for DC-DC Boost Converter Based on Charge Pump Capacitor for Renewable Energy System. International Journal of Photoenergy 2021, 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Muhammad Zeeshan Malik, Vineet Tirth, Amjad Ali, Ajmal Farooq, Ali Algahtani, Rajesh Verma, Saiful Islam, Kashif Irshad, Ahmed N. Abdalla. Efficient Topology for DC-DC Boost Converter Based on Charge Pump Capacitor for Renewable Energy System. International Journal of Photoenergy. 2021; 2021 ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Zeeshan Malik; Vineet Tirth; Amjad Ali; Ajmal Farooq; Ali Algahtani; Rajesh Verma; Saiful Islam; Kashif Irshad; Ahmed N. Abdalla. 2021. "Efficient Topology for DC-DC Boost Converter Based on Charge Pump Capacitor for Renewable Energy System." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021, no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 09 November 2020 in Agriculture
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Recent developments in the controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) have led to the new modern agriculture industry, also known as precision farming. Biopolymers as encapsulating agents for the production of controlled-release fertilizers have helped to overcome many challenging problems such as nutrients’ leaching, soil degradation, soil debris, and hefty production cost. Mechanistic modeling of biopolymers coated CRF makes it challenging due to the complicated phenomenon of biodegradation. In this study, a machine learning model is developed utilizing Gaussian process regression to predict the nutrient release time from biopolymer coated CRF with the input parameters consisting of diffusion coefficient, coefficient of-variance of coating thickness, coating mass thickness, coefficient of variance of size distribution and surface hardness from biopolymer coated controlled-release fertilizer. The developed model has shown greater prediction capabilities measured with R2 equalling 1 and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) equalling 0.003. The developed model can be utilized to study the nutrient release profile of different biopolymers’-coated controlled-release fertilizers.

ACS Style

Sayed Irfan; Babar Azeem; Kashif Irshad; Salem Algarni; KuZilati KuShaari; Saiful Islam; Mostafa Abdelmohimen. Machine Learning Model for Nutrient Release from Biopolymers Coated Controlled-Release Fertilizer. Agriculture 2020, 10, 538 .

AMA Style

Sayed Irfan, Babar Azeem, Kashif Irshad, Salem Algarni, KuZilati KuShaari, Saiful Islam, Mostafa Abdelmohimen. Machine Learning Model for Nutrient Release from Biopolymers Coated Controlled-Release Fertilizer. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (11):538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sayed Irfan; Babar Azeem; Kashif Irshad; Salem Algarni; KuZilati KuShaari; Saiful Islam; Mostafa Abdelmohimen. 2020. "Machine Learning Model for Nutrient Release from Biopolymers Coated Controlled-Release Fertilizer." Agriculture 10, no. 11: 538.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2020 in IEEE Access
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A significant growth in solar photovoltaic (PV) installation has observed during the last decade in standalone and grid-connected power generation systems. The solar PV system has a non-linear output characteristic because of weather intermittency, which tends to have a substantial effect on overall PV system output. Hence, to optimize the output of a PV system, different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques have been used. But, the confusion lies while selecting an appropriate MPPT, as every method has its own merits and demerits. Therefore, a proper review of these techniques is essential. A “ Google Scholar ” survey of the last five years (2015-2020) was conducted. It has found that overall seventy-one review articles are published on different MPPT techniques; out of those seventy-one, only four are on uniform solar irradiance, seven on non-uniform and none on hybrid optimization MPPT techniques. Most of them have discussed the limited number of MPPT techniques, and none of them has discussed the online and offline under uniform and hybrid MPPT techniques under non-uniform solar irradiance conditions all together in one. Unfortunately, very few attempts have made in this regard. Therefore, a comprehensive review paper on this topic is need of time, in which almost all the well-known MPPT techniques should be encapsulated in one paper. This article focuses on classifications of online, offline, and hybrid optimization MPPT algorithms, under the uniform and non-uniform irradiance conditions. It summarizes various MPPT methods along with their mathematical expression, operating principle, and block diagram/flow charts. This research will provide a valuable pathway to researchers, energy engineers, and strategists for future research and implementation in the field of maximum power point tracking optimization.

ACS Style

Amjad Ali; Khalid Almutairi; Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban; Vineet Tirth; Salem Algarni; Kashif Irshad; Saiful Islam; Hasan Zahir; Shafiullah; Muhammad Zeeshan Malik. Investigation of MPPT Techniques Under Uniform and Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation Condition–A Retrospection. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 127368 -127392.

AMA Style

Amjad Ali, Khalid Almutairi, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Vineet Tirth, Salem Algarni, Kashif Irshad, Saiful Islam, Hasan Zahir, Shafiullah, Muhammad Zeeshan Malik. Investigation of MPPT Techniques Under Uniform and Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation Condition–A Retrospection. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():127368-127392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amjad Ali; Khalid Almutairi; Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban; Vineet Tirth; Salem Algarni; Kashif Irshad; Saiful Islam; Hasan Zahir; Shafiullah; Muhammad Zeeshan Malik. 2020. "Investigation of MPPT Techniques Under Uniform and Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation Condition–A Retrospection." IEEE Access 8, no. : 127368-127392.

Review
Published: 23 June 2020 in Energies
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Significant growth in solar photovoltaic (PV) installation has been observed during the last decade in standalone and grid-connected power generation systems. However, the PV system has a non-linear output characteristic because of weather intermittency, which tends to a substantial loss in overall system output. Thus, to optimize the output of the PV system, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used to track the global maximum power point (GMPP) and extract the maximum power from the PV system under different weather conditions with better precision. Since MPPT is an essential part of the PV system, to date, many MPPT methods have been developed by various researchers, each with unique features. A Google Scholar survey of the last five years (2015–2020) was performed to investigate the number of review articles published. It was found that overall, seventy-one review articles were published on different MPPT techniques; out of those, only four were on non-uniform solar irradiance, and seven review articles included shading conditions. Unfortunately, very few attempts were made in this regard. Therefore, a comprehensive review paper on this topic is needed, in which almost all the well-known MPPT techniques should be encapsulated in one document. This article focuses on online and soft-computing MPPT algorithm classifications under non-uniform irradiance conditions along with their mathematical expression, operating principles, and block diagram/flow charts. It will provide a direction for future research and development in the field of maximum power point tracking optimization.

ACS Style

Amjad Ali; K. Almutairi; Muhammad Zeeshan Malik; Kashif Irshad; Vineet Tirth; Salem Algarni; Hasan Zahir; Saiful Islam; Shafiullah; Neeraj Kumar Shukla. Review of Online and Soft Computing Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques under Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation Conditions. Energies 2020, 13, 3256 .

AMA Style

Amjad Ali, K. Almutairi, Muhammad Zeeshan Malik, Kashif Irshad, Vineet Tirth, Salem Algarni, Hasan Zahir, Saiful Islam, Shafiullah, Neeraj Kumar Shukla. Review of Online and Soft Computing Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques under Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation Conditions. Energies. 2020; 13 (12):3256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amjad Ali; K. Almutairi; Muhammad Zeeshan Malik; Kashif Irshad; Vineet Tirth; Salem Algarni; Hasan Zahir; Saiful Islam; Shafiullah; Neeraj Kumar Shukla. 2020. "Review of Online and Soft Computing Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques under Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation Conditions." Energies 13, no. 12: 3256.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2020 in Agronomy
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Sustainability of agricultural practices depends on economic, environmental, and social conditions. The Rajasthan state of India has arid climatic conditions where kharif crops are commonly grown. In this work, the four major criteria are considered such as the farm area, crop yield per unit area, the cost prices, and the market sales price. Merged analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy techniques have been employed to give reasonable weight coefficients for the objective and subjective weights to each criterion. Multiple attribute-based decision-making models (MADM) have been developed using three proven techniques, namely the Exprom2, the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). The crop Pennisetum glaucum emerged as the most productive kharif crop in the arid climatic conditions of Rajasthan, India under the given criteria. The sensitivity analysis of the three methods identifies the most significant criteria and validates that Pennisetum glaucum is the first ranked crop despite the interchange of the weights. The methodology used in this study may be applied across the globe to select appropriate crops for maximizing the profit, optimizing the natural resources, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This study may be used to enhance the agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) to make the agriculturalists self-sufficient and to help the state policymakers in making effective regional policies.

ACS Style

Vineet Tirth; Ram Karan Singh; Saiful Islam; Irfan Anjum Badruddin; Rini Asnida Binti Abdullah; Ali AlGahtani; Essam R.I. Mahmoud; Amir Arabi; Neeraj Kumar Shukla; Parul Gupta. Kharif Crops Selection for Sustainable Farming Practices in the Rajasthan-India Using Multiple Attribute-Based Decision-Making. Agronomy 2020, 10, 536 .

AMA Style

Vineet Tirth, Ram Karan Singh, Saiful Islam, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Rini Asnida Binti Abdullah, Ali AlGahtani, Essam R.I. Mahmoud, Amir Arabi, Neeraj Kumar Shukla, Parul Gupta. Kharif Crops Selection for Sustainable Farming Practices in the Rajasthan-India Using Multiple Attribute-Based Decision-Making. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (4):536.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vineet Tirth; Ram Karan Singh; Saiful Islam; Irfan Anjum Badruddin; Rini Asnida Binti Abdullah; Ali AlGahtani; Essam R.I. Mahmoud; Amir Arabi; Neeraj Kumar Shukla; Parul Gupta. 2020. "Kharif Crops Selection for Sustainable Farming Practices in the Rajasthan-India Using Multiple Attribute-Based Decision-Making." Agronomy 10, no. 4: 536.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2018 in Water
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Saudi Arabia is an arid country with very limited water resources. The absence of surface water bodies along with erratic rainfall renders groundwater as the most reliable source of potable water in arid and semi-arid regions globally. Groundwater quality is determined by aquifer characteristics regional geology and it is extensively influenced by both natural and anthropogenic activities. In the recent past, several methodologies have been adopted to analyze the quality of groundwater and associated hydro-geochemical process i.e., multivariate statistical analysis, geochemical modelling, stable isotopes, a redox indicator, structural equation modelling. In the current study, statistical methods combined with geochemical modelling and conventional plots have been used to investigate groundwater and related geochemical processes in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia. A total of 62 groundwater samples has been collected and analyzed in laboratory for major cations and anions. Groundwater in the study region is mostly alkaline with electrical conductivity ranging from 285–3796 μS/cm. The hydro-geochemical characteristics of groundwater are highly influenced by extreme evaporation. Climatic conditions combined with low rainfall and high temperature have resulted in a highly alkaline aquifer environment. Principal component analysis (PCA) yielded principal components explaining 79.9% of the variance in the dataset. PCA indicates ion exchange, soil mineralization, dissolution of carbonates and halite are the major processes governing the groundwater geochemistry. Groundwater in this region is oversaturated with calcite and dolomite while undersaturated with gypsum and halite which suggests dissolution of gypsum and halite as major process resulting into high chloride in groundwater. The study concludes that the combined approach of a multivariate statistical technique, conventional plots and geochemical modelling is effective in determining the factors controlling the groundwater quality.

ACS Style

Javed Mallick; Chander Kumar Singh; Mohammed Khaloofah AlMesfer; Anand Kumar; Roohul Abad Khan; Saiful Islam; Atiqur Rahman. Hydro-Geochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Water 2018, 10, 1847 .

AMA Style

Javed Mallick, Chander Kumar Singh, Mohammed Khaloofah AlMesfer, Anand Kumar, Roohul Abad Khan, Saiful Islam, Atiqur Rahman. Hydro-Geochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Water. 2018; 10 (12):1847.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javed Mallick; Chander Kumar Singh; Mohammed Khaloofah AlMesfer; Anand Kumar; Roohul Abad Khan; Saiful Islam; Atiqur Rahman. 2018. "Hydro-Geochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia." Water 10, no. 12: 1847.