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The energy crisis and increasing fossil fuel prices due to increasing demands, controlled supplies, and global political unrest have adversely affected agricultural productivity and farm profitability across the globe and Pakistan is not an exception. To cope with this issue of energy deficiency in agriculture, the best alternate strategy is to take advantage of biomass and solid waste potential. In low-income countries such as Pakistan, the greenhouse heating system mostly relies on fossil fuels such as diesel, gasoline, and LPG. Farmers are reluctant to adopt greenhouse farming due to the continuously rising prices of the fossil fuels. To reduce reliance on fossil fuel energy, the objective of this study was to utilize biomass from crop residues to develop an efficient and economical biomass furnace that could heat greenhouses to protect the crop from seasonal temperature effects. Modifications made to the biomass furnace, such as the incorporation of insulation around the walls of the furnace, providing turbulators in fire tubes, and a secondary heat exchanger (heat recovery system) in the chimney, have increased the thermal efficiency of the biomass furnace by about 21.7%. A drastic reduction in hazardous elements of flue gases was observed due to the addition of a water scrubber smoke filter in the exit line of the flue. The efficiency of the biomass furnace ranged from 50.42% to 54.18%, whereas the heating efficiency of the diesel-fired heater was 71.19%. On the basis of the equal heating value of the fuels, the unit material and operating costs of the biomass furnace for wood, cotton stalks, corn cobs, and cow dung were USD 2.04, 1.86, 1.78, and 2.00 respectively against USD 4.67/h for the diesel heater. The capital and operating costs of the biomass furnace were about 50% and 43.7% of the diesel heater respectively, resulting in a seasonal saving of about 1573 USD. The produced smoke was tested as environmental friendly under the prescribed limits of the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), which shows potential for its large-scale adoption and wider applications.
Asif Ali; Tahir Iqbal; Muhammad Cheema; Arslan Afzal; Muhammad Yasin; Zia Haq; Arshad Malik; Khalid Khan. Development of a Low-Cost Biomass Furnace for Greenhouse Heating. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5152 .
AMA StyleAsif Ali, Tahir Iqbal, Muhammad Cheema, Arslan Afzal, Muhammad Yasin, Zia Haq, Arshad Malik, Khalid Khan. Development of a Low-Cost Biomass Furnace for Greenhouse Heating. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5152.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsif Ali; Tahir Iqbal; Muhammad Cheema; Arslan Afzal; Muhammad Yasin; Zia Haq; Arshad Malik; Khalid Khan. 2021. "Development of a Low-Cost Biomass Furnace for Greenhouse Heating." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5152.
The chemical looping gasification (CLG) process is a promising pathway to produce hydrogen-enriched syngas with biomass. It is urgent to enhance the reactivity and thermal stability of oxygen carriers (OC) and capture the inherently separated CO2. This work presents the strategy of simultaneous modification of a Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carrier and the supplement of an oxidant for corn stalk chemical looping gasification by introducing KNO3-containing ethanol liquid waste. CaO is employed to capture the generated CO2 and promote the reaction balance toward hydrogen production in a fuel reactor (FR). The highest carbon conversion reaction rate of 1.1 × 10–4 mol/g could be obtained at the ratio of CaO to fuel carbon and the reaction temperature of 1.5 and 600 °C, respectively. The kinetics and thermodynamics analyses under the optimized condition are further discussed to verify the possibility and high efficiency of using alkaline organic liquid waste to boost solid fuel gasification for hydrogen production. This CLG strategy shows multifunctional merits, including organic liquid waste treatment, biomass CLG promotion, and hydrogen production enhancement.
Zongming Zheng; Laixing Luo; Anwen Feng; Tahir Iqbal; Zhuoyan Li; Wu Qin; Changqing Dong; Shanghong Zhang; Xianbin Xiao. CaO-Assisted Alkaline Liquid Waste Drives Corn Stalk Chemical Looping Gasification for Hydrogen Production. ACS Omega 2020, 5, 24403 -24411.
AMA StyleZongming Zheng, Laixing Luo, Anwen Feng, Tahir Iqbal, Zhuoyan Li, Wu Qin, Changqing Dong, Shanghong Zhang, Xianbin Xiao. CaO-Assisted Alkaline Liquid Waste Drives Corn Stalk Chemical Looping Gasification for Hydrogen Production. ACS Omega. 2020; 5 (38):24403-24411.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZongming Zheng; Laixing Luo; Anwen Feng; Tahir Iqbal; Zhuoyan Li; Wu Qin; Changqing Dong; Shanghong Zhang; Xianbin Xiao. 2020. "CaO-Assisted Alkaline Liquid Waste Drives Corn Stalk Chemical Looping Gasification for Hydrogen Production." ACS Omega 5, no. 38: 24403-24411.
Alkylphenols are a group of valuable phenolic compounds that can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, three activated carbons (ACs) were prepared for catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of walnut shell to produce alkylphenols, including nitrogen-doped walnut shell-derived activated carbon (N/WSAC), nitrogen-doped rice husk-derived activated carbon (N/RHAC) and walnut shell-derived activated carbon (WSAC). Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) experiments were carried out to reveal the influences of AC type, pyrolytic temperature, and AC-to-walnut shell (AC-to-WS) ratio on the product distributions. Results showed that with nitrogen doping, the N/WSAC possessed stronger capability than WSAC toward the alkylphenols production, and moreover, the N/WSAC also exhibited better effects than N/RHAC to prepare alkylphenols. Under the catalysis of N/WSAC, yields of alkylphenols were significantly increased, especially phenol, cresol and 4-ethylphenol. As the increase of pyrolytic temperature, the alkylphenols yield first increased and then decreased, while high selectivity could be obtained at low pyrolytic temperatures. Such a trend was also observed as the AC-to-WS ratio continuously increased. The alkylphenols production achieved a maximal yield of 44.19 mg/g with the corresponding selectivity of 34.7% at the pyrolytic temperature of400°C and AC-to-WS ratio of 3, compared with those of only 4.67 mg/g and 6.1% without catalyst. In addition, the possible formation mechanism of alkylphenols was also proposed with the catalysis of N/WSAC.
Shanwei Ma; Hang Li; Guan Zhang; Tahir Iqbal; Kai Li; Qiang Lu. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of walnut shell for alkylphenols production with nitrogen-doped activated carbon catalyst. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, 15, 1 -11.
AMA StyleShanwei Ma, Hang Li, Guan Zhang, Tahir Iqbal, Kai Li, Qiang Lu. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of walnut shell for alkylphenols production with nitrogen-doped activated carbon catalyst. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering. 2020; 15 (2):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShanwei Ma; Hang Li; Guan Zhang; Tahir Iqbal; Kai Li; Qiang Lu. 2020. "Catalytic fast pyrolysis of walnut shell for alkylphenols production with nitrogen-doped activated carbon catalyst." Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 15, no. 2: 1-11.
Analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) technique was employed to explore lignocellulosic biomass catalytic pyrolysis with transition metal nitride catalysts (TiN, ZrN, and W2N). Various factors like suitability of catalysts, catalyst to biomass (C/B) ratio and pyrolysis temperature on pyrolytic product distribution were investigated for their roles in improvement of fuel properties of pyrolysis oil. The results indicated that TiN significantly facilitated the cleavage of lignin to produce phenolic compounds. It also devolatilized holocellulose to produce organic volatile compounds by reducing linear aldehydes while increasing furans and cyclopentanones. The maximum volatile product yield was recorded when the pyrolysis temperature was 500 °C and C/B ratio was 1. It was further noted that maximum contents of phenolics, cyclopentanones and furans produced from the catalytic process were 1.53, 1.37 and 1.80 times higher than those in the noncatalytic process, respectively. In addition, the content of linear aldehydes was reduced expressively to 3.32 times compared to non-catalytic process. The maximal content of stable phenolics obtained from the catalytic process was 2.31 times greater than non-catalytic process. Comparing overall effect, TiN was most capable to upgrade bio-oil by lowering oxygen content and increasing phenolics, cyclopentanones and furans. It expressed promising catalytic properties towards high grade pyrolysis oil.
Tahir Iqbal; Qiang Lu; Zhen-Xi Zhang; Zulfiqar Ali; Kai Li; Shan-Wei Ma; Adnan Abbas; Chang-Qing Dong. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Wheat Stalk with Transition Metal Nitrides to Upgrade the Pyrolytic Products. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 2019, 13, 870 -905.
AMA StyleTahir Iqbal, Qiang Lu, Zhen-Xi Zhang, Zulfiqar Ali, Kai Li, Shan-Wei Ma, Adnan Abbas, Chang-Qing Dong. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Wheat Stalk with Transition Metal Nitrides to Upgrade the Pyrolytic Products. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. 2019; 13 (6):870-905.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTahir Iqbal; Qiang Lu; Zhen-Xi Zhang; Zulfiqar Ali; Kai Li; Shan-Wei Ma; Adnan Abbas; Chang-Qing Dong. 2019. "Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Wheat Stalk with Transition Metal Nitrides to Upgrade the Pyrolytic Products." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 13, no. 6: 870-905.
Qiang Lu; Zulfiqar Ali; Hao Tang; Tahir Iqbal; Zulqarnain Arain; Min-Shu Cui; Ding-Jia Liu; Wen-Yan Li; Yong-Ping Yang. Correction to: Regeneration of commercial SCR catalyst deactivated by arsenic poisoning in coal-fired power plants. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019, 36, 1016 -1016.
AMA StyleQiang Lu, Zulfiqar Ali, Hao Tang, Tahir Iqbal, Zulqarnain Arain, Min-Shu Cui, Ding-Jia Liu, Wen-Yan Li, Yong-Ping Yang. Correction to: Regeneration of commercial SCR catalyst deactivated by arsenic poisoning in coal-fired power plants. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2019; 36 (6):1016-1016.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiang Lu; Zulfiqar Ali; Hao Tang; Tahir Iqbal; Zulqarnain Arain; Min-Shu Cui; Ding-Jia Liu; Wen-Yan Li; Yong-Ping Yang. 2019. "Correction to: Regeneration of commercial SCR catalyst deactivated by arsenic poisoning in coal-fired power plants." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 36, no. 6: 1016-1016.
Heavy metal Pb is an inevitable ingredient of coal‐fired flue gas and has been proven to be a source of inhibiting effect on the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. In this paper, two types of Pb‐poisoned catalyst, prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation and solid diffusion methods, are studied to unveil the poisoning effects of lead species on the V2O5‐WO3/TiO2 catalyst. The activity test results showed that lead species loaded by the incipient wetness impregnation method exhibited a significant inhibiting effect on the denitrification efficiency of the catalyst although a negligible activity loss was observed on the samples from the solid diffusion method. Characterizations of fresh and Pb‐poisoned catalysts from incipient wetness impregnation method were applied using comprehensive techniques such as X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), NH3‐temperature programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD), X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and so forth. The analytical results indicated that a phase transformation occurred in tungsten species and the amorphous WO3 converted into PbWO4, causing the accumulation and valence imbalance of active vanadium phase, which further decreased the surface acidity and activity of the V2O5‐WO3/TiO2 catalyst.
Zulfiqar Ali; Qiang Lu; Tahir Iqbal; Zulqarnain Arain; Jian Han; Yang‐Wen Wu; Ding‐Jia Liu; Yong‐Ping Yang. Poisoning effects of lead species on the V 2 O 5 ‐WO 3 /TiO 2 type NH 3 ‐selective catalytic reduction catalyst. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019, 14, e2309 .
AMA StyleZulfiqar Ali, Qiang Lu, Tahir Iqbal, Zulqarnain Arain, Jian Han, Yang‐Wen Wu, Ding‐Jia Liu, Yong‐Ping Yang. Poisoning effects of lead species on the V 2 O 5 ‐WO 3 /TiO 2 type NH 3 ‐selective catalytic reduction catalyst. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2019; 14 (3):e2309.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZulfiqar Ali; Qiang Lu; Tahir Iqbal; Zulqarnain Arain; Jian Han; Yang‐Wen Wu; Ding‐Jia Liu; Yong‐Ping Yang. 2019. "Poisoning effects of lead species on the V 2 O 5 ‐WO 3 /TiO 2 type NH 3 ‐selective catalytic reduction catalyst." Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 14, no. 3: e2309.
Arsenic species, which are inevitable components in flue gas from the coal combustion process, will result in severe deactivation of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to regenerate the arsenic-poisoned commercial V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 catalyst collected from coal-fired power plants, including ammonia washing, H2 reduction, and air calcination. Activity tests indicated that the proposed method could recover the catalyst activity more than 96% of the fresh catalyst. Furthermore, detailed characterizations results indicated that this regeneration method could not only effectively remove the arsenic species, but also recover the active constituents of the catalysts to a considerable level. The proposed method offers a feasible strategy for the regeneration of poisoned commercial SCR catalysts and can effectively reduce the total denitrification cost for coal-fired power plants.
Qiang Lu; Zulfiqar Ali; Hao Tang; Tahir Iqbal; Zulqarnain Arain; Min-Shu Cui; Ding-Jia Liu; Wen-Yan Li; Yong-Ping Yang. Regeneration of commercial SCR catalyst deactivated by arsenic poisoning in coal-fired power plants. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019, 36, 377 -384.
AMA StyleQiang Lu, Zulfiqar Ali, Hao Tang, Tahir Iqbal, Zulqarnain Arain, Min-Shu Cui, Ding-Jia Liu, Wen-Yan Li, Yong-Ping Yang. Regeneration of commercial SCR catalyst deactivated by arsenic poisoning in coal-fired power plants. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2019; 36 (3):377-384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiang Lu; Zulfiqar Ali; Hao Tang; Tahir Iqbal; Zulqarnain Arain; Min-Shu Cui; Ding-Jia Liu; Wen-Yan Li; Yong-Ping Yang. 2019. "Regeneration of commercial SCR catalyst deactivated by arsenic poisoning in coal-fired power plants." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 36, no. 3: 377-384.
Organic solar cells achieved more attention for energy conversion due to a rapid increase in its efficiency and lowest cost. It approaches over 10% in recent lab-scale results. The experiments were conducted in Renewable Energy School, NCEPU, Beijing China. In this study, we focus on the effects of layer thickness, PCE, and FF in organic solar cells. In our experiments P3HT (poly 3-hexylthiophene): PCBM (Polycrystalline C61 butyric acid methyl ester) take an active coating due to its encouraging capability towards efficient fullerene derivative in organic solar cell materials based on donor acceptance polymer. Based on our results we present combined analysis (experimental and theoretical) of OSC based on bulk heterojunctions.
Gankhuleg Majig; Ankhbayar Batmunkh; Tahir Iqbal; Zulfiqar Ali; Munkhsaikhan Ochirkhuyag; Zhanrao Tan. Performance Evaluation of Electron Transport Layers based on PCBM/P3HT BHJ Organic Solar Cells. 2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) 2019, 1 -5.
AMA StyleGankhuleg Majig, Ankhbayar Batmunkh, Tahir Iqbal, Zulfiqar Ali, Munkhsaikhan Ochirkhuyag, Zhanrao Tan. Performance Evaluation of Electron Transport Layers based on PCBM/P3HT BHJ Organic Solar Cells. 2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET). 2019; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGankhuleg Majig; Ankhbayar Batmunkh; Tahir Iqbal; Zulfiqar Ali; Munkhsaikhan Ochirkhuyag; Zhanrao Tan. 2019. "Performance Evaluation of Electron Transport Layers based on PCBM/P3HT BHJ Organic Solar Cells." 2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) , no. : 1-5.
The Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) has always been a great option to follow the stringent environmental policy as compared to a conventional power plant. The study comprises of gas turbine performance by injecting the nitrogen gas at high temperature and pressure to investigate the overall output of IGCC system. The injection rate studied separately for gasification of coal and gas turbine. In both cases, it was observed the nitrogen injection poses a remarkable effect to steam turbine efficiency. It has been observed that the increment in the nitrogen injection increases the overall performance of the system. However, the efficiency of the steam turbine is lower when nitrogen is injected into the gasification unit only. The injection of N2 reported suitable for gasifier up to 0.1% as a transport medium of coal. For both cases, the net efficiency of the plant remains the same but the caloric value of syngas dramatically reduced by N2 injection. The power output of steam cycle greatly affected by nitrogen induction.
Aneeq; Z. G Fu; Tahir Iqbal; Syed Jawad Ali Shah; Hasan Izhar Khan. Study on gas turbine performance by nitrogen injection for IGCC power plant. 2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) 2019, 1 -5.
AMA StyleAneeq, Z. G Fu, Tahir Iqbal, Syed Jawad Ali Shah, Hasan Izhar Khan. Study on gas turbine performance by nitrogen injection for IGCC power plant. 2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET). 2019; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneeq; Z. G Fu; Tahir Iqbal; Syed Jawad Ali Shah; Hasan Izhar Khan. 2019. "Study on gas turbine performance by nitrogen injection for IGCC power plant." 2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) , no. : 1-5.
Hydrogen having high energy density with almost no pollution have brought attention of researchers in the recent decade. The cost-effective hydrogen production for fuel cells to meet energy demands is the need of hour. The production of this hydrogen from catalytic steam reforming of methane from renewable and green resources such as biomass is worth exploring. In this study, catalytic steam reforming of methane using Ni/γ-Al 2 O 3 and modified low cost Ni-Al 2 O 3 /MgO/CaO and NiLa-Al 2 O 3 /MgO/CaO catalysts were studied to achieve maximum CH 4 conversion and high hydrogen yield. These catalyst were generated in our lab using equal volume impregnation method and later characterized by BET, XRD and TPR. These catalyst revealed both effectiveness and stability in methane steam reforming at medium temperatures of 600°C-750°C. Among these catalysts the modified catalyst NiLa-Al 2 O 3 /MgO/CaO astonishingly showed 98.6% efficiency at low temperatures consuming less heating energy. It was observed that NiLa-Al 2 O 3 /MgO/CaO catalyst showed high catalytic performance and stability up to eight hours under reaction stream. This behavior demonstrated that NiLa-Al 2 O 3 /MgO/CaO is promising 3E (economical, effective and efficient) catalyst for production of hydrogen from methane. The catalyst attains the objective of the experiment of low production cost, low operation cost and high efficiency.
Sajida Riffat Laraib; Qiang Lu; Suhaib Sajid; Zulfiqar Ali; Tahir Iqbal. Experimental Study on Ni/γ-Al2O3 and Its Modified Catalysts for Catalytic Steam Reforming of Methane. 2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET) 2018, 1 -6.
AMA StyleSajida Riffat Laraib, Qiang Lu, Suhaib Sajid, Zulfiqar Ali, Tahir Iqbal. Experimental Study on Ni/γ-Al2O3 and Its Modified Catalysts for Catalytic Steam Reforming of Methane. 2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET). 2018; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajida Riffat Laraib; Qiang Lu; Suhaib Sajid; Zulfiqar Ali; Tahir Iqbal. 2018. "Experimental Study on Ni/γ-Al2O3 and Its Modified Catalysts for Catalytic Steam Reforming of Methane." 2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET) , no. : 1-6.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the poisoning effects of Phosphorus (P) and Zinc (Z) over commercial NH 3 -SCR V 2 O 5 -MoO 3 /TiO 2 with realistic concentrations, used in coal-fired power plant. The catalyst is poisoned by two different methods, incipient wetness impregnation, and solid diffusion method and then characterized by NH 3 -Temperature Programmed Desorption (NH 3 -TPD) and H 2 -Temperature Programmed Reduction (H 2 -TPR). The results show that P and Zn had poisoning effects over V 2 O 5 -MoO 3 /TiO 2 when poisoned by Incipient Wetness Impregnation method, but there are negligible poisoning effects when poisoned by solid diffusion. On the other hand, P has comparatively more poisoning effects as compared to Zn in both poisoning methods. NH 3 -TPD and H 2 -TPR tests indicate that the ammonia desorption curves for P and Zn poisoned catalysts using incipient wetness impregnation method are shifted towards lower ammonia desorption, while the vanadium V active component is reduced from V 5+ to V 4+ which has been observed to causes the deactivation of the catalyst.
Zulfiqar Ali; Qiang Lu; Tahir Iqbal; Sajida Riffat Laraib; Zulqarnain Arain; Manoj Kumar Panjwani; M. Usman Tahir; Asif Muhammad. Poisoning Effects of P and Zn on Commercial NH3-SCR V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 Catalyst. 2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET) 2018, 1 -6.
AMA StyleZulfiqar Ali, Qiang Lu, Tahir Iqbal, Sajida Riffat Laraib, Zulqarnain Arain, Manoj Kumar Panjwani, M. Usman Tahir, Asif Muhammad. Poisoning Effects of P and Zn on Commercial NH3-SCR V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 Catalyst. 2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET). 2018; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZulfiqar Ali; Qiang Lu; Tahir Iqbal; Sajida Riffat Laraib; Zulqarnain Arain; Manoj Kumar Panjwani; M. Usman Tahir; Asif Muhammad. 2018. "Poisoning Effects of P and Zn on Commercial NH3-SCR V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 Catalyst." 2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET) , no. : 1-6.
Transcontinental grid interconnection and clean energy development for sustainability are the prime objectives to address through global energy interconnection (GEI) platform. Key issues can be solved through GEI such as environmental pollution, climate change, resources scarcity and unbalanced development. The growing concern of fossil fuel depletion leads to the exploitation of renewable energy which is mostly located on Arctic and Equator zones. This study addresses about the importance, current projects and research directions of clean energy, smart grid, ultra-high voltage transmission, grid interconnection trends around the world in order to globally interconnect the future grid. The review results provide comprehensive background knowledge to all the researchers in order to investigate further into the field.
Syed Furqan Rafique; Pei Shen; Zhe Wang; Rizwan Rafique; Tahir Iqbal; Salman Ijaz; Umair Javaid. Global power grid interconnection for sustainable growth: concept, project and research direction. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2018, 12, 3114 -3123.
AMA StyleSyed Furqan Rafique, Pei Shen, Zhe Wang, Rizwan Rafique, Tahir Iqbal, Salman Ijaz, Umair Javaid. Global power grid interconnection for sustainable growth: concept, project and research direction. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2018; 12 (13):3114-3123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyed Furqan Rafique; Pei Shen; Zhe Wang; Rizwan Rafique; Tahir Iqbal; Salman Ijaz; Umair Javaid. 2018. "Global power grid interconnection for sustainable growth: concept, project and research direction." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 12, no. 13: 3114-3123.
Pakistan is a developing economy with a mainstay shifting gradually from agriculture to industry. Improving lifestyles, population growth, and rapid urbanization have led to a continuous increase in the demand of energy. The demand-supply gap amounts to 5000 MW on average which reaches 7000 MW in the month of July when the energy demand is at peak. This shortfall causes 4%–7% loss to the gross domestic product. Energy demand is at a constant peak of 8%–10% per annum. Fossil fuels make 61% of energy mix, while the share of renewables is less than 1%. This situation calls for careful analysis and review of Pakistan's energy dynamics and to explore the potential of renewable energy resources. Biomass, a promising resource of renewable energy, is abundantly available in Pakistan. Biomass is found in various forms from firewood to crop residues to municipal solid waste. About 50% of domestic energy requirements are fulfilled by fuelwood and 34% by animal and crop residues. However, the availability of fuelwood reduces as the rate of growth of forests has shrunk to 8.8%. Other biomass resources like charcoal are used at the minor level. Bagasse produced by 70 sugar industries in the country has been found to be sufficient for the generation of 5700 GWh of electricity. Major crop residues include cotton stalks, wheat straw, rice straw, sugarcane trash, and corn stalk having production of 49.4, 34.581, 16.75, 7.83, and 5.325 million tons, respectively. Collective processing residues per annum of these crops amount to 25.271 million tons having a power generation potential of 689.25 TWh annually. Animal dung also offers encouraging potential of power generation. The total number of animals in the country is 51 million. The potential of electricity generation from animal dung at the national level has been estimated to be 4761 to 5554 MW. The municipal solid waste potential for production of energy by biochemical and thermochemical conversion is 216 kWh/t and 552 kWh/t, respectively. It was found that the country possesses potential of successfully running 15 million biogas plants. This review, which policymakers and researchers may find to be useful, revealed that biomass energy could help to achieve the target of increasing share of renewables in energy mix of the country from less than 1% to 5% by 2030 as envisaged by the Government of Pakistan.
Tahir Iqbal; Chang-Qing Dong; Qiang Lu; Zulfiqar Ali; Idris Khan; Zafar Hussain; Adnan Abbas. Sketching Pakistan's energy dynamics: Prospects of biomass energy. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 2018, 10, 023101 .
AMA StyleTahir Iqbal, Chang-Qing Dong, Qiang Lu, Zulfiqar Ali, Idris Khan, Zafar Hussain, Adnan Abbas. Sketching Pakistan's energy dynamics: Prospects of biomass energy. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 2018; 10 (2):023101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTahir Iqbal; Chang-Qing Dong; Qiang Lu; Zulfiqar Ali; Idris Khan; Zafar Hussain; Adnan Abbas. 2018. "Sketching Pakistan's energy dynamics: Prospects of biomass energy." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 10, no. 2: 023101.
Pakistan is Asia's third largest producer of wheat (Triticum Aestivum) which serves as the staple diet of the country and makes 10.1 % of total agricultural production. It provides an abundant resource of carbon-neutral biomass. It is widely regarded as a sustainable and renewable resource of clean energy. Py-GC/MS (pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) applied to reveal the product distribution of wheat stalk under 300-650°C pyrolysis temperature. The decomposition of feedstock started to procedure organic volatile products at the set temperature of 300°C while maximum desired pyrolytic products favorable to produce bio-oil achieve at 500°C. The products achieved during this process categorized into eight groups such as phenolic compounds, furans, linear ketones, anhydrosugars, linear acids and so on with distinct pyrolytic pathways. Maximum pyrolytic products including 27.32% of phenolic, 10.74% of furans, 8.53% of linear ketones, 7.66% of anhydrosugars, and 11.12% of linear acids out of the total peak area% were achieved at 500°C temperature. However, the addition of a catalyst may help to increase the utility of byproducts achieved during fast pyrolysis.
Tahir Iqbal; Qiang Lu; Chang-Qing Dong; Min-Xing Zhou; Zulqarnain Arain; Zulfiqar Ali; Idris Khan; Zafar Hussain; Adnan Abbas. A study of product distribution under fast pyrolysis of wheat stalk while producing bio-oil. 2018 International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) 2018, 1 -6.
AMA StyleTahir Iqbal, Qiang Lu, Chang-Qing Dong, Min-Xing Zhou, Zulqarnain Arain, Zulfiqar Ali, Idris Khan, Zafar Hussain, Adnan Abbas. A study of product distribution under fast pyrolysis of wheat stalk while producing bio-oil. 2018 International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET). 2018; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTahir Iqbal; Qiang Lu; Chang-Qing Dong; Min-Xing Zhou; Zulqarnain Arain; Zulfiqar Ali; Idris Khan; Zafar Hussain; Adnan Abbas. 2018. "A study of product distribution under fast pyrolysis of wheat stalk while producing bio-oil." 2018 International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) , no. : 1-6.
The analysis of the principle operation of the solar element is given in the work. The efficiency of the creation of combined high-efficiency converters of network energy in electric and thermal is indicated. A method for creating a combined photo thermo converter with a high value of the efficiency of a solar element has been found. A method for separating light from optical lenses is shown. The calculation of the light intensity into diffraction pattern is calculated using the Huygens-Fresnel principle. A new design of a highly efficient combined light-thermal converter into an electrical, with a solar element, operating on selective photoactive radiation is presented. The process of conversion of non-active radiation into electrical radiation by means of a thermo electronic converter is described. The ways of the solution of the problem connected with the reduction of the coefficient of its full effect as a function of temperature and characteristics are indicated.
A. M. Kasimakhunova; Sh. A. Olimov; Raziyakhon Nurdinova; Tahir Iqbal; L. K. Mamadalieva. Highly Efficient Conversion of Solar Energy by the Photoelectric Converter and a Thermoelectric Converter. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2018, 06, 520 -529.
AMA StyleA. M. Kasimakhunova, Sh. A. Olimov, Raziyakhon Nurdinova, Tahir Iqbal, L. K. Mamadalieva. Highly Efficient Conversion of Solar Energy by the Photoelectric Converter and a Thermoelectric Converter. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics. 2018; 06 (03):520-529.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. M. Kasimakhunova; Sh. A. Olimov; Raziyakhon Nurdinova; Tahir Iqbal; L. K. Mamadalieva. 2018. "Highly Efficient Conversion of Solar Energy by the Photoelectric Converter and a Thermoelectric Converter." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 06, no. 03: 520-529.
This Study presents the results of a three dimensional simulation of a tunnel spillway with four aerators of Jingping-1 hydropower project as done by using ANSYS. The study uses a combination of realizable k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid method in order to simulate the characteristics of aeration and cavitation in aerated tunnel spillway. It is possible to yield the water surface profile, pressure distribution, velocity profile and aeration cavity length from the simulation. Results of numerical simulation were compared with experimental results showing that the realizable k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid model can simulate the aerated tunnel spillway. The aerated cavity zone was found to be stable and within reasonable length. Results from the numerical simulation were found to resemble the experimental result to a great extent, showing the validity of the simulation.
R Shilpakar; Z Hua; B Manandhar; N Shrestha; M R Zafar; T Iqbal; Z Hussain. Numerical simulation on tunnel spillway of Jingping-I hydropower project with four aerators. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017, 82, 12013 .
AMA StyleR Shilpakar, Z Hua, B Manandhar, N Shrestha, M R Zafar, T Iqbal, Z Hussain. Numerical simulation on tunnel spillway of Jingping-I hydropower project with four aerators. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2017; 82 ():12013.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR Shilpakar; Z Hua; B Manandhar; N Shrestha; M R Zafar; T Iqbal; Z Hussain. 2017. "Numerical simulation on tunnel spillway of Jingping-I hydropower project with four aerators." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 82, no. : 12013.
High concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased dependency on photovoltaic (PV) power, but its random nature poses a challenge for system operators to precisely predict and forecast PV power. The conventional forecasting methods were accurate for clean weather. But when the PV plants worked under heavy haze, the radiation is negatively impacted and thus reducing PV power; therefore, to deal with haze weather, Air Quality Index (AQI) is introduced as a parameter to predict PV power. AQI, which is an indication of how polluted the air is, has been known to have a strong correlation with power generated by the PV panels. In this paper, a hybrid method based on the model of conventional back propagation (BP) neural network for clear weather and BP AQI model for haze weather is used to forecast PV power with conventional parameters like temperature, wind speed, humidity, solar radiation, and an extra parameter of AQI as input. The results show that the proposed method has less error under haze condition as compared to conventional model of neural network.
Idris Khan; Honglu Zhu; Jianxi Yao; Danish Khan; Tahir Iqbal. Hybrid Power Forecasting Model for Photovoltaic Plants Based on Neural Network with Air Quality Index. International Journal of Photoenergy 2017, 2017, 1 -9.
AMA StyleIdris Khan, Honglu Zhu, Jianxi Yao, Danish Khan, Tahir Iqbal. Hybrid Power Forecasting Model for Photovoltaic Plants Based on Neural Network with Air Quality Index. International Journal of Photoenergy. 2017; 2017 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIdris Khan; Honglu Zhu; Jianxi Yao; Danish Khan; Tahir Iqbal. 2017. "Hybrid Power Forecasting Model for Photovoltaic Plants Based on Neural Network with Air Quality Index." International Journal of Photoenergy 2017, no. : 1-9.
Field performance of the boom sprayer was evaluated at three different plot sizes, three different operating pressures and at three different forward speeds of tractor. Four spraying operations were performed. At the first two sprays only the sucking insects (Jassid, and Whiteflies) were analyzed for mortality as there were no bollworms at that stage. In third and fourth spray bollworms were analyzed for mortality. The experiment was done to find out the effects of pressure and velocity on mortality of white fly, jassid and bollworms and the effect of field size on field efficiency of boom sprayer. The results indicated that increase in velocity decreases the mortality or sucking insects as well as bollworm insects. Best field speed for crop spraying operation was observed to be 4.0 km/h. Working pressure of 400 kPa has a significant effect on insect mortality. For same width of fields, longer the field more the productive time, therefore, more will be the field efficiency of the sprayer. Lower field speed had more sprayer field efficiency than the greater field speed. The reason could be the more time required for turning at field ends to less maneuverability of tractor the operator might had found difficulty in controlling over the tractor holding more wider sprayer mounted behind.
Khurram Yousaf; Muhammad Iqbal; Tahir Iqbal; Muhammad Hanif. Effect of Field Plot Design on the Efficacy of Boom Sprayer. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 2014, 2, 236 -241.
AMA StyleKhurram Yousaf, Muhammad Iqbal, Tahir Iqbal, Muhammad Hanif. Effect of Field Plot Design on the Efficacy of Boom Sprayer. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research. 2014; 2 (7):236-241.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhurram Yousaf; Muhammad Iqbal; Tahir Iqbal; Muhammad Hanif. 2014. "Effect of Field Plot Design on the Efficacy of Boom Sprayer." Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 2, no. 7: 236-241.