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Gynecological and breast cancers still remain a significant health problem worldwide. Diagnostic methods are not sensitive and specific enough to detect the disease at an early stage. During carcinogenesis and tumor progression, the cellular need for DNA and protein synthesis increases leading to changes in the levels of amino acids. An important role of amino acids in many biological pathways, including biosynthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, etc., which serve as an energy source and maintain redox balance, has been highlighted in many research articles. The aim of this review is a detailed analysis of the literature on metabolomic studies of gynecology and breast cancers with particular emphasis on alterations in free amino acid profiles. The work includes a brief overview of the metabolomic methodology and types of biological samples used in the studies. Special attention was paid to the possible role of selected amino acids in the carcinogenesis, especially proline and amino acids related to its metabolism. There is a clear need for further research and multiple external validation studies to establish the role of amino acid profiling in diagnosing gynecological and breast cancers.
Dagmara Pietkiewicz; Agnieszka Klupczynska-Gabryszak; Szymon Plewa; Magdalena Misiura; Agnieszka Horala; Wojciech Miltyk; Ewa Nowak-Markwitz; Zenon Kokot; Jan Matysiak. Free Amino Acid Alterations in Patients with Gynecological and Breast Cancer: A Review. Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14, 731 .
AMA StyleDagmara Pietkiewicz, Agnieszka Klupczynska-Gabryszak, Szymon Plewa, Magdalena Misiura, Agnieszka Horala, Wojciech Miltyk, Ewa Nowak-Markwitz, Zenon Kokot, Jan Matysiak. Free Amino Acid Alterations in Patients with Gynecological and Breast Cancer: A Review. Pharmaceuticals. 2021; 14 (8):731.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDagmara Pietkiewicz; Agnieszka Klupczynska-Gabryszak; Szymon Plewa; Magdalena Misiura; Agnieszka Horala; Wojciech Miltyk; Ewa Nowak-Markwitz; Zenon Kokot; Jan Matysiak. 2021. "Free Amino Acid Alterations in Patients with Gynecological and Breast Cancer: A Review." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 8: 731.
This study presents the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) directly on the tissue of two ovarian tumors that often present a diagnostic challenge, a low-grade serous borderline ovarian tumor and ovarian fibrothecoma. Different spatial distribution of m/z values within the tissue samples was observed, and regiospecific peaks were identified. Among the 106 peaks in the borderline ovarian tumor five, regiospecific peaks (m/z: 2861.35; 2775.79; 3368.34; 3438.43; 4936.37) were selected using FlexImaging software. Subsequently, the distribution of those selected peaks was visualized on the fibrothecoma tissue section, which demonstrated the differences in the tissue homo-/heterogeneous structure of both tumors. The comparison with the histopathological staining of the ovarian borderline tumor tissue section, obtained during serial sectioning, showed a close correlation of the molecular map with the morphological and histopathological features of the tissue and allowed the identification of different tissue types within the sample. This study highlights the potential significance of MSI in enabling morphological characterization of ovarian tumors as well as correct diagnosis and further prognosis than thus far seen in the literature. Osteopontin, tropomyosin and orosomucoid are only a couple of the molecules investigated using MALDI-MSI in ovarian cancer research. This study, in line with the available literature, proves the potential of MALDI-MSI to overcome the current limitations of classic histopathological examination giving a more in-depth insight into the tissue structure and thus lead to the more accurate differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors, especially in the most challenging cases.
Dagmara Pietkiewicz; Agnieszka Horała; Szymon Plewa; Piotr Jasiński; Ewa Nowak-Markwitz; Zenon J. Kokot; Jan Matysiak. MALDI-MSI—A Step Forward in Overcoming the Diagnostic Challenges in Ovarian Tumors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7564 .
AMA StyleDagmara Pietkiewicz, Agnieszka Horała, Szymon Plewa, Piotr Jasiński, Ewa Nowak-Markwitz, Zenon J. Kokot, Jan Matysiak. MALDI-MSI—A Step Forward in Overcoming the Diagnostic Challenges in Ovarian Tumors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (20):7564.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDagmara Pietkiewicz; Agnieszka Horała; Szymon Plewa; Piotr Jasiński; Ewa Nowak-Markwitz; Zenon J. Kokot; Jan Matysiak. 2020. "MALDI-MSI—A Step Forward in Overcoming the Diagnostic Challenges in Ovarian Tumors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20: 7564.