Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are two pathologies that are extremely widespread worldwide and share the feature of chronic inflammation. Carvacrol is a phenolic monoterpenoid, produced by a variety of herbs, the most well-known of which is Origanum vulgare. Magnolol is a traditional polyphenolic compound isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, mainly used in Chinese medicine. The purpose of this paper is to review the therapeutic properties of these bioactive compounds, in the treatment of periodontitis and diabetes. Based on our search strategy we conducted a literature search in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify studies. A total of one hundred eighty-four papers were included in the current review. The results show that carvacrol and magnolol have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-osteoclastic, and anti-diabetic properties that benefit both pathologies. Knowledge of the multiple activities of carvacrol and magnolol can assist with the development of new treatment strategies, and the design of clinical animal and human trials will maximize the potential benefits of these extracts in subjects suffering from periodontitis or diabetes.

Background: There is a growing interest in the correlation between antioxidants and periodontal disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of oxidative stress and the impact of two antioxidants, curcumin and rutin, respectively, in the etiopathology of experimentally induced periodontitis in diabetic rats. Methods: Fifty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups and were induced with diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: (1) (CONTROL)—control group, (2) (DPP)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, (3) (DPC)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with curcumin (C), (4) (DPR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with rutin (R) and (5) (DPCR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with C and R. We evaluated malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress and reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG and catalase (CAT) as biomarkers of the antioxidant capacity in blood harvested from the animals we tested. The MDA levels and CAT activities were also evaluated in the gingival tissue. Results: The control group effect was statistically significantly different from any other groups, regardless of whether or not the treatment was applied. There was also a significant difference between the untreated group and the three treatment groups for variables MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT. There was no significant difference in the mean effect for the MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT variables in the treated groups of rats with curcumin, rutin and the combination of curcumin and rutin. Conclusions: The oral administration of curcumin and rutin, single or combined, could reduce the oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant status in hyperglycemic periodontitis rats.

Background: Orthodontic mini-implant failure is a debatable subject in clinical practice. However, the most important parameter to evaluate the success rate of mini-implant is the primary stability, which is mainly influenced by cortical bone thickness (CBT) and insertion angle. Materials and methods: Three-dimensional finite element models of the maxilla were created and a custom-made, self-drilling, tapered mini-implant was designed. For the pull-out test, 12 simulations were performed, sequentially increasing the thickness of the cortical bone (1, 1.5 and 2 mm) and the insertion angle (30°, 60°, 90°, 120°). For the force analysis, 24 simulations were performed using an experimental orthodontic traction force of 2 N both in the horizontal and vertical axis. Results: Insertion angle and CBT have significant impact on force reaction values (p < 0.05). Cortical bone stress had the lowest value when the mini-implant had a 30° insertion angle and the highest value when the implant had a 120° insertion angle, while the CBT was 1 mm. Cortical bone stress had the lowest value with an insertion angle of 90° and the highest value when the implant was inserted at an angle of 30°, while the CBT was 2 mm independent of the force direction. Regarding the biosafety profile of the mini-implant alloy, the present results reveal that the custom-made mini-implant presents good biocompatibility. Conclusions: When the CBT is reduced, we recommend inclined insertion while, when the CBT is appropriate, perpendicular insertion is advised.

Selecting the most biocompatible orthodontic implant available on the market may be a major challenge, given the wide array of orthodontic devices currently available on the market. The latest scientific data have suggested that in vitro evaluations using oral cell lines provide reliable data regarding the toxicity of residual particles released by different types of orthodontic devices. In this regard, the in vitro biocompatibility of three different commercially available implants (stainless steel and titanium-based implants) was assessed. Methods: As an in vitro model, human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were employed to evaluate the cellular morphology, cell viability, and cytotoxicity by means of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays at 24 h and 72 h post-exposure to test implants. Results: The results correlate the composition and topography of the implant surface with biological experimental evaluations related to directly affected cells (gingival fibroblasts) and toxicological results on blood vessels (hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay). The stainless steel implant exhibits a relative cytotoxicity against HGF cells, while the other two samples induced no significant alterations of HGF cells. Conclusion: Among the three test orthodontic implants, the stainless steel implant induced slight cytotoxic effects, thus increased vigilance is required in their clinical use, especially in patients with high sensitivity to nickel.

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to compare the associations of digital measurements obtained from orthopantomographies (OPGs) or panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms in evaluating facial asymmetry in patients with different skeletal classes. The sample consisted of 128 Romanian patients (67 females, 61 males) who sought orthodontic treatment. These measurements are an essential diagnostic tool for evaluating facial asymmetry in order to treat them. Methods: Lateral cephalograms and OPGs were obtained for each patient, and digital tracing was performed using the WebCeph program. Angular measurements (ANB, FMA, gonial angles) and linear measurements (ramus height, mandibular body length) were assessed on both imaging modalities. Results: Strong positive correlations were found between the gonial angle and ramus height measurements obtained from lateral cephalograms and OPGs (rs range: 0.800–0.946; p < 0.001). However, the mandibular body length showed weaker correlations between the two methods. Significant sex differences were observed, with males exhibiting larger craniofacial measurements compared to females (p < 0.05). The study population was quite young, as seen by the cohort’s median age of 21 years and interquartile range (IQR) of 16 to 29 years. Lateral Ceph: the FMA angle median value of 22° (IQR: 17–25), gonial angle median of 121° (IQR: 116–127), mandibular ramus height median value of 44 mm (IQR: 41–48 mm), and mandibular body length median value of 70 mm (IQR of 65 to 76 mm). OPG: gonial angles on the right and left sides yield medians of 121° (IQR: 116–127) and 122° (IQR: 117–127); the mandibular ramus height on the right and left sides shows medians of 44.0 mm (IQR: 40.0–47.0 mm) and 43 mm (IQR: 40–48 mm); and the mandibular body on the right side presents a median of 71 mm (IQR: 67–76 mm) and the left side has a median of 71 mm (IQR: 67–75 mm). Conclusions: The findings suggest that OPGs can be reliably used to measure the gonial angle and ramus height, providing results comparable to lateral cephalograms. However, caution should be exercised when predicting horizontal measurements from OPGs. The standardization of the OPG recording process and further research with larger sample sizes are required to establish standard panoramic norms for OPG parameters in the assessment of facial asymmetry.

(1) Background: This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the cephalometric evaluation of facial height ratio (FHR) and growth patterns. (2) Methods: We assessed facial height ratios, the y-axis to SN angle, and growth patterns in 94 participants from Timis County using digital cephalograms. Angle’s classification guided the categorization of participants. We digitally traced and analyzed cephalograms using the WebCeph imaging software. We conducted the statistical analysis using Python version 3.11.9. We performed the following statistical tests: Welch’s t-test or ANOVA (analysis of variance), Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis test, χ² test or Fisher’s, and logistic regression. (3) Results: Significant correlations were observed between FHR and craniofacial development, especially in hypodivergent growth patterns. Among the molar classes, the most predominant growth pattern in Class I was normodivergent (61.5%), followed by hypodivergent (33.3%). In Class II, hypodivergent growth was the most common (52%), with a smaller proportion of normodivergent cases (30.8%). Class III was characterized by a mix of growth patterns, with hypodivergent being predominant (14.7%). Across all groups, the y-axis to SN angle remained within normal limits, and a strong negative correlation with Jarabak’s ratio was found (r = −0.72, p < 0.001). This shows the importance of using holistic assessment methods in orthodontic practice. (4) Patients from Timis County mostly have a hypodivergent growth pattern across all types of malocclusions. Understanding these patterns is essential for comprehensive orthodontic treatment planning. We need to conduct further research to investigate the implications of these findings on treatment outcomes and patient care.