The development of the agricultural sector is considered the backbone of sustainable development in Egypt. While the developing countries of the world face many challenges regarding food security due to rapid population growth and limited agricultural resources, this study aimed to assess the soils of Sidi Barrani and Salloum using multivariate analysis to determine the land capability and crop suitability for potential alternative crop uses, based on using principal component analysis (PCA), agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (AHC) and the Almagra model of MicroLEIS. In total, 24 soil profiles were dug, to represent the geomorphic units of the study area, and the soil physicochemical parameters were analyzed in laboratory. The land capability assessment was classified into five significant classes (C1 to C5) based on AHC and PCA analyses. The class C1 represents the highest capable class while C5 is assigned to lowest class. The results indicated that about 7% of the total area was classified as highly capable land (C1), which is area characterized by high concentrations of macronutrients (N, P, K) and low soil salinity value. However, about 52% of the total area was assigned to moderately high class (C2), and 29% was allocated in moderate class (C3), whilst the remaining area (12%) was classified as the low (C4) and not capable (C5) classes, due to soil limitations such as shallow soil depth, high salinity, and increased erosion susceptibility. Moreover, the results of the Almagra soil suitability model for ten crops were described into four suitability classes, while about 37% of the study area was allocated in the highly suitable class (S2) for wheat, olive, alfalfa, sugar beet and fig. Furthermore, 13% of the area was categorized as highly suitable soil (S2) for citrus and peach. On the other hand, about 50% of the total area was assigned to the marginal class (S4) for most of the selected crops. Hence, the use of multivariate analysis, mapping land capability and modeling the soil suitability for diverse crops help the decision makers with regard to potential agricultural development.

Preserving the sustainable agriculture concept requires identifying the plant response to the water regime and rationing the water for irrigation. This research compares different irrigation designs coupled with a parametric evaluation system on soil water erosion and soil suitability to assess the sites vulnerable to soil erosion based on a soil water erosion model (ImpelERO) in an area of 150.0 hectares, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Land suitability maps are prepared using the Geographic Information System (GIS), and the soil properties are analyzed and evaluated for the different surface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation methods. The results show that the sprinkler and drip irrigation strategies are more practical irrigation methods and additional environment friendly than surface irrigation for enhancing land productivity. Moreover, the principle acumen for creating use of the surface irrigation on this space is for lowering the soil salinity. Land capability index for surface irrigation ranges from 20.5 to 72.2% (permanently not suitable N2 to moderately suitable S2); and the max capability index (Ci) for drip irrigation was 81.3% (highly suitable-S1), while the mean capability index (Ci) was 42.87% (Currently not suitable-NI). The land suitability of the study area using sprinkler irrigation was ranked as highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and currently not suitable (N1). Thus, the obtained data indicated that applying drip irrigation (trickle irrigation) was the most efficient system compared to the sprinkle and surface irrigation systems. To identify the soil, water erosion vulnerability, and soil optimal management strategies for the agricultural parcel in that region, the ImpelERO model (soil erosion vulnerability/impact/management) was applied. Erosion risk classes ranged from V2 (small) to V3 (moderate), that that region categorized as small-sensitive to water erosion by alfalfa, to moderate-sensitive to water erosion by olive. The results of soil losses varied from 7.1 to 37.9 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ with an average of 17.7 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Thus, guarantee efficient water use and soil suitability for food production in the future will require the use of an efficient irrigation system.

In winter 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons, two field experiments were carried out in Gelbana village, at private farm, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of 50% and 25% of NPK addition rates recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture (40 kg N fed.-1, 100 kg P2O5 and 70 kg K2O fed.-1 ) using biofertilization with Rhiobium radiobacter sp. Strain (fixed nitrogen), Bacillus megatherium as (dissolving phosphate bacteria) and Bacillus circulans (enhancing potassium availability) on some soil properties and faba bean yield, yield attributes and chemical composition content of two faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars. i.e., Nubaria 1 and Masr 3. 100-seed weight gave the highest value (98.85 g) when plants of Misr 3 treated with full NPK fertilizer recommended dose + biofertilization. Pod yield, N, P and K content as well as N, P and K-uptake by faba bean (Nubaria1) seeds gave the maximum values under Biofertilization + full NPK fertilizer recommended dose (full-RD). Seed yield and protein content were increased significantly and gave the highest values due to the treatment of Biofertilization + 75% of NPK fertilizer (¾RD) for Nubaria1 plants. Highest yield efficiency (97.25%) was obtained due to Biofertilization + 75% of NPK fertilizer (¾RD) for Misr3 plants. Fertilized treatments in combination with biofertilization decreased values of soil EC and pH and increased soil available N, P and K content after harvest when plants treated with Biofertilization + full NPK-RD which was ascendant to the other treatments and gave the highest with Misr 3 variety.

This training examined the adsorption properties of orange peel after treatment with D2EHPA. Preserved examples remained categorized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The capabilities of adsorptive examples stayed examined through by Cd (II), Zn (II) sorption from these solutions. The numerous investigational factors require remained for example mixed time, concentration of media, RPM, Solid/Liquid ratio besides temperature, require stayed considered then enhanced situations remained resolute by equations. Balance line trainings stayed recycled to calculate the determined adsorption capability of orange peel behavior and the investigational of consequences are presented this Cd (II), Zn (II) about 14.12 and 11.1 mg/g respectively. The consequences displayed that Zn (II) ,Cd (II) adsorption was achieved after 180 min contacting time using (solid/liquid = 8g/L) adsorbent from 30% P2O5 at 25°C. Adsorption rate at pseudo-second order equation, thermodynamic parameters (Δ H°, Δ S° and Δ G°) reveal that the Cd (II), Zn (II) adsorption is calculated.

The goal of this investigation effort was to organize activated carbon from olive stone through by 0.01 M D₂EHPA. The adsorption ability of carbon with cadmium and zinc existed also studied. Focuses of metals were examined through using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The factors that disturb the adsorption, such as contact time, acid concentration, solid liquid ratio, RPM, and temperature, have been considered and enhanced conditions were determined. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of carbon were found to Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺with 28.0 and 22.17 mg/g, respectively. The Langmuir adsorption model might be used to clarify the adsorption isotherm with the pseudo-second order and The Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺sorption process onto the olive stone (OS) occurred spontaneously (­–ΔG), in an exothermic nature (–ΔH), and with increased non randomness (–ΔS).

Food security in Egypt is one of the most important issues of the interest of the Egyptian government to face population growth. The north west coast (NWC) has a large area that can be added to the national agricultural projects for achieving the sustainable development .The aimed to evaluate soil capability and suitability for crop production using MicroLEIS DSS approach. The study area located between Ras El Hekma ,Marsa Matrouh, El Negilla and Sidi Barrani , between longitudes 25° 44` and 27° 55` E, latitudes 30° 58` and 31° 22` N . The soil was evaluated based the variation of their physical, chemical properties, geomorphological characteristics in addition, the climate parameters. The results showed that, the soils were classified into two classes using CERVATANA model; Moderate capability (S3r) for most soil profiles where, the limiting factor was the soil erosion and (S3Ir) as the limiting factor was soil. on the other hand the soil suitability for crop using (ALMAGRA) model was suitability (S2) that covers an area of ranges between 41.17 % ( ~7880.2 hectare) for peach and citrus to 76.47% (~14936.5 hectare) for olive. moderately suitable (S3), has few limiting factors, marginally suitable (S4) and not suitable (S5) that has several limiting factors such as coarse texture and hard pan layers near the surface, this class occupies an area of about 3000 hectares. The study demonstrated that soil suitability and capability maps may support decision-makers to determine the optimal use of the area.