This article presents the concept of a method of improving the dynamics of combustion in boilers operating in power plants, cogeneration plants, and heating plants by introducing a catalyst that is fed with a carrier in the form of droplets. Thanks to the proposed method, a greater degree of fuel burnout can be obtained, which, in turn, results in lower energy consumption in the case of producing the same amount of power. The parameters of the emitted exhaust gases and ash are also improved. The method described in the article involves the adding of a catalyst to the dust pipe of the boiler, which improves the combustion parameters. The catalyst was implemented using a sprayer/nebulizer. In order to obtain the correct flow parameters, the sprayer was modeled using CFD calculations. The calculations include trajectories, velocities and concentrations with regards to various flow parameters. Particular attention should be paid to the model of the evaporation of moving droplets. The results of these calculations enable the parameters that guarantee that the catalyst reaches the dust channel outlet in the desired form to be assessed. The analysis is an introduction to experimental research that is carried out on a medium and large scale.

The article presents a method of controlling the size of droplets generated by a system that sprays a high-viscosity liquid containing particles of a solid body, i.e., a catalyst. The work is a continuation of previous research concerning the spraying of liquids with a catalyst, which improves the efficiency of the process. As a result of the conducted CFD calculations, it was found that to bring the catalyst to the system, a droplet with a diameter of at least 30 µm should be generated. The tests were carried out on a laboratory scale on a model isopropanol-water system. A polymer containing Raney nickel particles was added to the suspension. The analysis of the obtained data confirmed the possibility of generating droplets with the desired diameters in order for the liquid carrying the catalyst to not evaporate before it is delivered to the combustion chamber. The designed and constructed test system allows the diameters of the generated droplets to be controlled by changing the settings of the spraying nozzle. Moreover, it enables the parameters of the process, and the spraying itself, to be controlled. In further work, tests on a real 0.5 MW facility are planned. Due to the use of a catalyst, a greater degree of fuel burnout can be obtained, and the dynamics of the combustion process can be improved. Additionally, the parameters of the emitted exhaust gases and ash composition can also be enhanced.

The paper provides an outlook on future directions of research and the possible applications for pulverized coal-fired boilers. One potential direction for future research is to focus on the ways to improve the efficiency of pulverized coal-fired boilers. This could involve developing new combustion technologies that are able to more thoroughly burn the coal and produce less waste or finding ways to capture and use the excess heat that is generated during the combustion process. The pulverized coal combustion process in power boilers is still being improved by the preliminary cleaning of coal and the use of various catalytic additives. Another area of research that could be valuable is the development of advanced control systems and monitoring technologies for pulverized coal-fired boilers. These systems could be used to optimize the performance of the boiler and ensure that it is operating at maximum efficiency while also providing real-time data on the condition of the boiler and any potential problems that may arise. The analysis of literature shows that several future paths of development and scientific research related to the technology of pulverized coal combustion in boilers can be distinguished.

Chromate and dichromate solutions used for the activation and passivation of cadmium and zinc galvanic coatings of metal products are widely used due to their ability to form corrosion-protective films. Therefore, in this article, we examined the kinetic features of the cathodic deposition of Cd and Zn during membrane electrolysis. As a result of comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies, the features of Cd and Zn cathodic depositions were analyzed under different hydrodynamic conditions in a submembrane zone of an anolyte. Experimental physicochemical methods such as the experimental analysis of solutions, analytical modeling, and a statistical analysis were used during the research. A regression dependence for evaluating a reaction rate constant was assessed based on the least-square approximation of the proposed model. As a result, the peculiarities of the cathodic formations for Cd and Zn during the membrane electrolysis process were analyzed. The effect of mechanical mixing with different values of the Reynolds number on the deposition of Cd and Zn on a cathode was evaluated. A change in Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ion concentrations was also considered during the research. Overall, the obtained results increased the Cd deposition rate by 2.2 times using an active hydrodynamic environment with the anolyte.

The results of research on the process of applying lubricating coatings are presented in this work. For this purpose, plastic greases were used, in which the base oil is perfluoropolyether (PFPE) and the thickener is poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE). Due to their consistency, these materials are classified into different classes according to the National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI). The research was carried out using a time-pressure valve at varying atomization pressure values. Based on the obtained results, the width of the obtained material path and the angle of spray atomization were determined. The research indicated linear relationships between the atomization pressure and the degree of uniformity of the obtained spray.

The article presents an extensive review of modern technological solutions for pulverized coal combustion, with emphasis on combustion modifiers and biomass co-firing. It highlights the role of coal in the national energy system and the need for its sustainable use in the context of energy transition. The pulverized coal combustion process is described, along with factors influencing its efficiency, and a classification of modifiers that improve combustion parameters. Both natural and synthetic modifiers are analyzed, including their mechanisms of action, application examples, and catalytic effects. Special attention is given to the synergy between transition metal compounds (Fe, Cu, Mn, Ce) and alkaline earth oxides (Ca, Mg), which enhances energy efficiency, flame stability, and reduces emissions of CO, SO₂, and NO_x. The article also examines biomass-coal co-firing as a technology supporting energy sector decarbonization. Co-firing reduces greenhouse gas emissions and increases the reactivity of fuel blends. The influence of biomass type, its share in the mixture, and processing methods on combustion parameters is discussed. Finally, the paper identifies directions for further technological development, including nanocomposite combustion modifiers and intelligent catalysts integrating sorption and redox functions. These innovations offer promising potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of coal-fired power generation.