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Nosheen Akhtar
Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan

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Journal article
Published: 12 March 2021 in Molecules
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) mediate heavy metal tolerance and improve phytoextraction potential in plants. The present research was conducted to find the potential of bacterial strains in improving the growth and phytoextraction abilities of Brassica nigra (L.) K. Koch. in chromium contaminated soil. In this study, a total of 15 bacterial strains were isolated from heavy metal polluted soil and were screened for their heavy metal tolerance and plant growth promotion potential. The most efficient strain was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and was identified as Bacillus cereus. The isolate also showed the potential to solubilize phosphate and synthesize siderophore, phytohormones (indole acetic acid, cytokinin, and abscisic acid), and osmolyte (proline and sugar) in chromium (Cr+3) supplemented medium. The results of the present study showed that chromium stress has negative effects on seed germination and plant growth in B. nigra while inoculation of B. cereus improved plant growth and reduced chromium toxicity. The increase in seed germination percentage, shoot length, and root length was 28.07%, 35.86%, 19.11% while the fresh and dry biomass of the plant increased by 48.00% and 62.16%, respectively, as compared to the uninoculated/control plants. The photosynthetic pigments were also improved by bacterial inoculation as compared to untreated stress-exposed plants, i.e., increase in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a + b, and carotenoid was d 25.94%, 10.65%, 20.35%, and 44.30%, respectively. Bacterial inoculation also resulted in osmotic adjustment (proline 8.76% and sugar 28.71%) and maintained the membrane stability (51.39%) which was also indicated by reduced malondialdehyde content (59.53% decrease). The antioxidant enzyme activities were also improved to 35.90% (superoxide dismutase), 59.61% (peroxide), and 33.33% (catalase) in inoculated stress-exposed plants as compared to the control plants. B. cereus inoculation also improved the uptake, bioaccumulation, and translocation of Cr in the plant. Data showed that B. cereus also increased Cr content in the root (2.71-fold) and shoot (4.01-fold), its bioaccumulation (2.71-fold in root and 4.03-fold in the shoot) and translocation (40%) was also high in B. nigra. The data revealed that B. cereus is a multifarious PGPR that efficiently tolerates heavy metal ions (Cr+3) and it can be used to enhance the growth and phytoextraction potential of B. nigra in heavy metal contaminated soil.

ACS Style

Nosheen Akhtar; Noshin Ilyas; Humaira Yasmin; R. Sayyed; Zuhair Hasnain; Elsayed A. Elsayed; Hesham El Enshasy. Role of Bacillus cereus in Improving the Growth and Phytoextractability of Brassica nigra (L.) K. Koch in Chromium Contaminated Soil. Molecules 2021, 26, 1569 .

AMA Style

Nosheen Akhtar, Noshin Ilyas, Humaira Yasmin, R. Sayyed, Zuhair Hasnain, Elsayed A. Elsayed, Hesham El Enshasy. Role of Bacillus cereus in Improving the Growth and Phytoextractability of Brassica nigra (L.) K. Koch in Chromium Contaminated Soil. Molecules. 2021; 26 (6):1569.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nosheen Akhtar; Noshin Ilyas; Humaira Yasmin; R. Sayyed; Zuhair Hasnain; Elsayed A. Elsayed; Hesham El Enshasy. 2021. "Role of Bacillus cereus in Improving the Growth and Phytoextractability of Brassica nigra (L.) K. Koch in Chromium Contaminated Soil." Molecules 26, no. 6: 1569.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2020 in Sustainability
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This research was designed to elucidate the role of exopolysaccharides (EPS) producing bacterial strains for the amelioration of drought stress in wheat. Bacterial strains were isolated from a farmer’s field in the arid region of Pakistan. Out of 24 isolated stains, two bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis (Accession No. MT742976) and Azospirillum brasilense (Accession No. MT742977) were selected, based on their ability to produce EPS and withstand drought stress. Both bacterial strains produced a good amount of EPS and osmolytes and exhibited drought tolerance individually, however, a combination of these strains produced higher amounts of EPS (sugar 6976 µg/g, 731.5 µg/g protein, and 1.1 mg/g uronic acid) and osmolytes (proline 4.4 µg/mg and sugar 79 µg/mg) and significantly changed the level of stress-induced phytohormones (61%, 49% and 30% decrease in Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Gibberellic Acid (GA), and Cytokinin (CK)) respectively under stress, but an increase of 27.3% in Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration was observed. When inoculated, the combination of these strains improved seed germination, seedling vigor index, and promptness index by 18.2%, 23.7%, and 61.5% respectively under osmotic stress (20% polyethylene glycol, PEG6000). They also promoted plant growth in a pot experiment with an increase of 42.9%, 29.8%, and 33.7% in shoot length, root length, and leaf area, respectively. Physiological attributes of plants were also improved by bacterial inoculation showing an increase of 39.8%, 61.5%, and 45% in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content respectively, as compared to control. Inoculations of bacterial strains also increased the production of osmolytes such asproline, amino acid, sugar, and protein by 30%, 23%, 68%, and 21.7% respectively. Co-inoculation of these strains enhanced the production of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 35.1%, catalase (CAT) by 77.4%, and peroxidase (POD) by 40.7%. Findings of the present research demonstrated that EPS, osmolyte, stress hormones, and antioxidant enzyme-producing bacterial strains impart drought tolerance in wheat and improve its growth, morphological attributes, physiological parameters, osmolytes production, and increase antioxidant enzymes.

ACS Style

Noshin Ilyas; Komal Mumtaz; Nosheen Akhtar; Humaira Yasmin; R. Sayyed; Wajiha Khan; Hesham Enshasy; Daniel Dailin; Elsayed Elsayed; Zeshan Ali. Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria for the Amelioration of Drought Stress in Wheat. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8876 .

AMA Style

Noshin Ilyas, Komal Mumtaz, Nosheen Akhtar, Humaira Yasmin, R. Sayyed, Wajiha Khan, Hesham Enshasy, Daniel Dailin, Elsayed Elsayed, Zeshan Ali. Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria for the Amelioration of Drought Stress in Wheat. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8876.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noshin Ilyas; Komal Mumtaz; Nosheen Akhtar; Humaira Yasmin; R. Sayyed; Wajiha Khan; Hesham Enshasy; Daniel Dailin; Elsayed Elsayed; Zeshan Ali. 2020. "Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria for the Amelioration of Drought Stress in Wheat." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8876.