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The socio-economic development of a country is highly dependent on water availability. Nowadays, increasing water scarcity is a major global challenge. Continuing improvements in water-use efficiency are essential for cotton production sustainability. Reduced irrigation in cotton could be a solution to water shortage in the arid climate without compromising the cotton yield. Therefore, a two-year field study was conducted to assess the effect of two levels of irrigation i.e., 50% and 100% of available water content (AWC) on the yield of four cotton genotypes (CIM-678, CIM-343, CRIS-613, and CYTO-510). The maximum seed cotton yield was observed in CIM-678, which was 2.31 and 2.46 Mg ha−1 under 100% AWC during 2018 and 2019, respectively, and was non-significantly reduced by 7.7 and 8.94%, owing to deficit irrigation. The maximum water use efficiency (WUE) of 0.55 and 0.64 Kg ha−1 mm−1 was observed under 50% AWC in CIM-678, which was significantly higher than WUE at 100% AWC during both years. Leaf area index and physiological parameters such as photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance were not significantly affected by deficit irrigation. So, it was concluded that the reduced irrigation technique performed well without significant yield loss, improve WUE, and saved 37 cm of water that could be used for other crops or to increase the area of the cotton crop.
Hafiz Ahmad; Muhammad Imran; Fiaz Ahmad; Shah Rukh; Rao Ikram; Hafiz Rafique; Zafar Iqbal; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali; Tanveer- Ul- Haq. Improving Water Use Efficiency through Reduced Irrigation for Sustainable Cotton Production. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4044 .
AMA StyleHafiz Ahmad, Muhammad Imran, Fiaz Ahmad, Shah Rukh, Rao Ikram, Hafiz Rafique, Zafar Iqbal, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni, Shafaqat Ali, Tanveer- Ul- Haq. Improving Water Use Efficiency through Reduced Irrigation for Sustainable Cotton Production. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):4044.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHafiz Ahmad; Muhammad Imran; Fiaz Ahmad; Shah Rukh; Rao Ikram; Hafiz Rafique; Zafar Iqbal; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali; Tanveer- Ul- Haq. 2021. "Improving Water Use Efficiency through Reduced Irrigation for Sustainable Cotton Production." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 4044.
Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic elements on earth. The main origins of Pb pollution are automobiles, paint and electroplating industries. Pb-induced stress has very toxic effects on plant growth and biomass. The concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells significantly increases under Pb stress, which interrupts the biochemical cycles in cells and leads to cell death. Therefore, it is essential to clean up the Pb-polluted soils. Among all techniques that are used to clean soil that is metal-contaminated, the best technique is phytoremediation. The present study intends to determine the role of citric acid (CA) and glutathione (GSH) in the phytoremediation of Pb by using castor bean plants. Plant biomass was significantly reduced due to Pb stress. Lead toxicity was also harmful to the photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes activities. In reverse, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 concentration and electrolyte leakage (EL) were increased under Pb stress. The combined application of GSH and CA enhanced photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities and plant biomass and minimized MDA, H2O2 and EL under Pb stress. The amount of Pb in roots and leaves remarkably increased by the joint application of CA and GSH. The combined application of CA and GSH (5 mM + 25 mM, respectively) was proven to be beneficial compared to the control. From the present results, we can conclude that the combined application of CA and GSH promoted the phytoremediation of Pb and helped the host plant to combat Pb toxicity.
Fanrong Zeng; Zahid Mallhi; Naeem Khan; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Awais Ahmad; Afzal Hussain; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Combined Citric Acid and Glutathione Augments Lead (Pb) Stress Tolerance and Phytoremediation of Castorbean through Antioxidant Machinery and Pb Uptake. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4073 .
AMA StyleFanrong Zeng, Zahid Mallhi, Naeem Khan, Muhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali, Awais Ahmad, Afzal Hussain, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Combined Citric Acid and Glutathione Augments Lead (Pb) Stress Tolerance and Phytoremediation of Castorbean through Antioxidant Machinery and Pb Uptake. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):4073.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFanrong Zeng; Zahid Mallhi; Naeem Khan; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Awais Ahmad; Afzal Hussain; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Combined Citric Acid and Glutathione Augments Lead (Pb) Stress Tolerance and Phytoremediation of Castorbean through Antioxidant Machinery and Pb Uptake." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 4073.
Salinity is extremely hazardous to agriculture worldwide and its expanding constantly. Soil of almost 100 countries facing salinity problem including Pakistan. Cyperus laevigatus also act as salinity indicator species is a naturally adapted halophyte dispersed in subtropical regions of world. Six populations of C. laevigatus were collected from different saline habitats to evaluate adaptations regarding anatomical and physiological characteristics. C. laevigatus is perfectly adapted to harsh environmental conditions like dry barren soils, saline lakes, hyper-saline wetlands and salt marshes. Ecological success of this species is due to plasticity in physiological and anatomical characteristics to adapt variable environmental conditions. C. laevigatus is a halophyte, exhibited increased biomass production in moderately saline habitat. Higher uptake of K+ occurs to compensate the uptake of Na+ ion contents, a striking feature of salt-tolerant and halophytic species. Accumulation of osmoprotectants like proline, free amino acids, soluble sugar and protein contribute significantly to osmotic adjustment. Stem thickness enhanced as salinity level of habitat increased to store water in parenchymatous tissues under physiological drought. Intensive sclerification in root cortex provide mechanical strength to plant as well as prevent the radial leakage of water. Well-developed aerenchyma, increased vascular bundle area, broader vessels, small and dense stomata are critical to cope with environmental hazards. Population of Jahlar lake showing maximum biomass production indicate that this species grows better in moderate salinities. Therefore, this species will prove very useful for revegetation of salt affected rangeland and prairies by direct growth of such halophytic ecotypes.
Sahar Mumtaz; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Mansoor Hameed; Fatima Batool; Abida Parveen; Syeda Fasiha Amjad; Athar Mahmood; Muhammad Arfan; Shakeel Ahmed; Humaira Yasmin; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Anatomical adaptations and ionic homeostasis in aquatic halophyte Cyperus laevigatus L. Under high salinities. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 28, 2655 -2666.
AMA StyleSahar Mumtaz, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Mansoor Hameed, Fatima Batool, Abida Parveen, Syeda Fasiha Amjad, Athar Mahmood, Muhammad Arfan, Shakeel Ahmed, Humaira Yasmin, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Anatomical adaptations and ionic homeostasis in aquatic halophyte Cyperus laevigatus L. Under high salinities. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; 28 (5):2655-2666.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSahar Mumtaz; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Mansoor Hameed; Fatima Batool; Abida Parveen; Syeda Fasiha Amjad; Athar Mahmood; Muhammad Arfan; Shakeel Ahmed; Humaira Yasmin; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. 2021. "Anatomical adaptations and ionic homeostasis in aquatic halophyte Cyperus laevigatus L. Under high salinities." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 5: 2655-2666.
Pakistan is facing severe water shortages, so using the available water efficiently is essential for maximizing crop production. This can be achieved through efficient irrigation practices. Field studies were carried out to determine the dynamics of soil water and the efficiency of water utilization for maize grown under five irrigation techniques (flood-irrigated flatbed, furrow-irrigated ridge, furrow-irrigated raised bed, furrow-irrigated raised bed with plastic mulch, and sprinkler-irrigated flatbed). Spring and summer maize was grown for two years. The Irrigation Management System (IManSys) was used to estimate the irrigation requirements, evapotranspiration, and other water balance components for this study’s different experimental treatments based on site-specific crop, soil, and weather parameters. The results showed that the flood irrigation flatbed (FIF) treatment produced the highest evapotranspiration, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass yield compared to other treatments. However, this treatment did not produce the highest grain yield and had the lowest water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (WUEi) compared to the furrow-irrigated raised-bed treatment. The furrow-irrigated raised bed with plastic mulch (FIRBM) treatment improved grain yield, WUE, WUEi , and harvest index compared to the flood irrigation flatbed (FIF) treatment. The results showed a strong correlation between measured and estimated net irrigation requirements and evapotranspiration, with high r 2 values (0.93, 0.99, 0.98, and 0.98) for the spring- and summer-sown maize. It was concluded that the FIRBM treatments improved the grain yield, WUE, and WUEi, which ultimately enhanced sustainable crop production. The growing of summer-sown maize in Pakistan has the potential for sustainable maize production under the semiarid and arid climate.
Abdul Khan; Muhammad Imran; Anwar-Ul-Hassan Khan; Ali Fares; Jiří Šimůnek; Tanveer Ul-Haq; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali. Performance of Spring and Summer-Sown Maize under Different Irrigation Strategies in Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2757 .
AMA StyleAbdul Khan, Muhammad Imran, Anwar-Ul-Hassan Khan, Ali Fares, Jiří Šimůnek, Tanveer Ul-Haq, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni, Shafaqat Ali. Performance of Spring and Summer-Sown Maize under Different Irrigation Strategies in Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2757.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Khan; Muhammad Imran; Anwar-Ul-Hassan Khan; Ali Fares; Jiří Šimůnek; Tanveer Ul-Haq; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali. 2021. "Performance of Spring and Summer-Sown Maize under Different Irrigation Strategies in Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2757.
Biochar amendments are widely recognized to improve crop productivity and soil biogeochemical quality, however, their effects on vegetable crops are less studied. This pot study investigated the effects of cotton stick, corncob and rice straw biochars alone and with farmyard manure (FYM) on tomato growth, soil physico–chemical and biological characteristics, soil organic carbon (SOC) content and amount of soil nutrients under recommended mineral fertilizer conditions in a nutrient-depleted alkaline soil. Biochars were applied at 0, 1.5 and 3% (w/w, basis) rates and FYM was added at 0 and 30 t ha−1 rates. Biochars were developed at 450 °C pyrolysis temperature and varied in total organic C, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents. The results showed that biochars, their amounts and FYM significantly improved tomato growth which varied strongly among the biochar types, amounts and FYM. With FYM, the addition of 3% corncob biochar resulted in the highest total chlorophyll contents (9.55 ug g−1), shoot (76.1 cm) and root lengths (44.7 cm), and biomass production. Biochars with and without FYM significantly increased soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The soil basal respiration increased with biochar for all biochars but not consistently after FYM addition. The water-extractable organic C (WEOC) and soil organic C (SOC) contents increased significantly with biochar amount and FYM, with the highest SOC found in the soil that received 3% corncob biochar with FYM. Microbial biomass C (MBC), N (MBN) and P (MBP) were the highest in corncob biochar treated soils followed by cotton stick and rice straw biochars. The addition of 3% biochars along with FYM also showed significant positive effects on soil mineral N, P and K contents. The addition of 3% corncob biochar with and without FYM always resulted in higher soil N, P and K contents at the 3% rate. The results further revealed that the positive effects of biochars on above-ground plant responses were primarily due to the improvements in below-ground soil properties, nutrients’ availability and SOC; however, these effects varied strongly between biochar types. Our study concludes that various biochars can enhance tomato production, soil biochemical quality and SOC in nutrient poor soil under greenhouse conditions. However, we emphasize that these findings need further investigations using long-term studies before adopting biochar for sustainable vegetable production systems.
Iqra Rehman; Muhammad Riaz; Sajid Ali; Muhammad Arif; Shafaqat Ali; Mohammed Alyemeni; Abdulaziz Alsahli. Evaluating the Effects of Biochar with Farmyard Manure under Optimal Mineral Fertilizing on Tomato Growth, Soil Organic C and Biochemical Quality in a Low Fertility Soil. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2652 .
AMA StyleIqra Rehman, Muhammad Riaz, Sajid Ali, Muhammad Arif, Shafaqat Ali, Mohammed Alyemeni, Abdulaziz Alsahli. Evaluating the Effects of Biochar with Farmyard Manure under Optimal Mineral Fertilizing on Tomato Growth, Soil Organic C and Biochemical Quality in a Low Fertility Soil. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2652.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIqra Rehman; Muhammad Riaz; Sajid Ali; Muhammad Arif; Shafaqat Ali; Mohammed Alyemeni; Abdulaziz Alsahli. 2021. "Evaluating the Effects of Biochar with Farmyard Manure under Optimal Mineral Fertilizing on Tomato Growth, Soil Organic C and Biochemical Quality in a Low Fertility Soil." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2652.
The extensive use of lithium (Li) ion-based batteries has increased the contamination of soil and water systems due to widespread dispersal of Li products in the environment. In the current study, the influence of Li application on soil fertility and leachate was observed. Three soil samples were collected and five treatments of Li (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L) were applied. After three months of Li treatment, leachate was collected and soil samples were subjected to physical and chemical analyses. The results showed that the mean values of soil pH were increased slightly after Li application while electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 1.2 to 5.1 µS/cm, indicating that soil was slightly saline in nature. The sodium was observed to be greater than the recommended values (0.3–0.7 mg/kg) in Li-amended soil while calcium and magnesium values decreased in soils compared to untreated soil. Mean values of phosphorus and potassium were greater before Li application and reduced considerably after Li application. Leachate analysis showed that all the parameters differed significantly except those of zinc and iron. The EC of leachate samples ranged from 2286–7188 µS/cm, which shows strong salinity. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) ranged from 1–11, which indicates that it falls into the marginal soil category. Lithium concentration in leachate samples ranged from 0–95 mg/L, which was significantly higher than the acceptable value for lithium (2.5 mg/L) in leachate. A soil sample (3) with an additional 10% organic matter showed that after Li application, the loss of nutrients in leachate was less as compared to the other two samples, demonstrating that organic matter improved soil conditions and suppressed the negative effects of Li on soil. Our results could raise concerns about risks in situations where food and fodder crops are associated with Li-contaminated waste disposal.
Muhammad Hayyat; Rab Nawaz; Zafar Siddiq; Muhammad Shakoor; Maira Mushtaq; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1705 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Hayyat, Rab Nawaz, Zafar Siddiq, Muhammad Shakoor, Maira Mushtaq, Sajid Ahmad, Shafaqat Ali, Afzal Hussain, Muhammad Irshad, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1705.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Hayyat; Rab Nawaz; Zafar Siddiq; Muhammad Shakoor; Maira Mushtaq; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1705.
Chromium (Cr) in water bodies is considered as a major environmental issue around the world. In the present study, aqueous Cr(VI) adsorption onto rice husk was studied as a function of various environmental parameters. Equilibrium time was achieved in 2 h and maximum Cr(VI) adsorption was 78.6% at pH 5.2 and 120 mg L−1 initial Cr(VI) concentration. In isotherm experiments, the maximum sorption was observed as 379.63 mg g−1. Among four isotherm models, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Langmuir models showed the best fitting to the adsorption data, suggesting physical and monolayer adsorption to be the dominant mechanism. The kinetic modeling showed that a pseudo-second order model was suitable to describe kinetic equilibrium data, suggesting a fast adsorption rate of Cr(VI). The results of FTIR spectroscopy indicated that mainly –OH and C–H contributed to Cr(VI) adsorption onto rice husk. This paper provided evidence that rice husk could be a cost-effective, environment-friendly and efficient adsorptive material for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater due to its high adsorption capacity.
Usman Khalil; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater by Rice Husk: Kinetic, Isotherm and Spectroscopic Investigation. Water 2021, 13, 263 .
AMA StyleUsman Khalil, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Shafaqat Ali, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Muhammad Rizwan, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater by Rice Husk: Kinetic, Isotherm and Spectroscopic Investigation. Water. 2021; 13 (3):263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUsman Khalil; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. 2021. "Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater by Rice Husk: Kinetic, Isotherm and Spectroscopic Investigation." Water 13, no. 3: 263.
Salicylic acid (SA) is an interesting messenger in plant metabolism that modulates multiple pathways, including the antioxidant defence pathway, and stimulates anatomical structures essential to carbon dioxide fixation during the photosynthetic process. The aim of this research was to determine whether pre‐treatment with exogenous SA can alleviate the deleterious effects induced by water deficit on production components, biomass and gas exchange, measuring reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes, variables connected to photosynthetic machinery, anatomical responses, and agro‐morphological traits in tomato plants under water deficit. The experiment used a factorial design with four treatments, including two water conditions (control and water deficit) and two salicylic acid concentrations (0 and 0.1 mM salicylic acid). Water deficit negatively impacted the biomass and fruit number of tomato plants. Pre‐treatment using 0.1 mM SA in plants submitted to water restriction induced increments in fruit number, weight, and biomass. These results were related to the protective role triggered by this substance, stimulating superoxide dismutase (27.07%), catalase (17.81%), ascorbate peroxidase (50.52%), and peroxidase (10.81%) as well as reducing the cell damage (malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage) caused by superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Simultaneously, application of SA improved the net photosynthetic rate (84.55%) and water‐use efficiency (65.00%) of stressed plants in which these factors are connected to anatomical benefits, as verified by stomatal density, palisade and spongy parenchyma, combined with improved performance linked to photosystem II.
Allan Klynger Da Silva Lobato; Maria Antonia Machado Barbosa; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Emily Juliane Alvino Lima; Breno Ricardo Serrão da Silva. Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates the negative impacts on production components, biomass and gas exchange in tomato plants under water deficit improving redox status and anatomical responses. Physiologia Plantarum 2021, 172, 869 -884.
AMA StyleAllan Klynger Da Silva Lobato, Maria Antonia Machado Barbosa, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Emily Juliane Alvino Lima, Breno Ricardo Serrão da Silva. Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates the negative impacts on production components, biomass and gas exchange in tomato plants under water deficit improving redox status and anatomical responses. Physiologia Plantarum. 2021; 172 (2):869-884.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAllan Klynger Da Silva Lobato; Maria Antonia Machado Barbosa; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Emily Juliane Alvino Lima; Breno Ricardo Serrão da Silva. 2021. "Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates the negative impacts on production components, biomass and gas exchange in tomato plants under water deficit improving redox status and anatomical responses." Physiologia Plantarum 172, no. 2: 869-884.
Soil quality deterioration, especially in intensive cropping systems, has become a serious problem for crop productivity; consequently, strategies for sustainable crop production and soil health are urgently required. Experiments on fields were organized to investigate the impact of organic manures on crop productivity, soil physiochemical properties and soil water availability in a maize-based cropping system. The experiment consisted of five treatments, including organic manures (OM) and inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers applied separately and in combinations: NPK = 250-150-125 Kg/ha (recommended rate), farmyard manure (FYM) = 16 t/ha, poultry manure (PM) = 13 t/ha, NPK + FYM = 150-85-50 Kg/ha + 8.5 t/ha and NPK + PM = 150-85-50 Kg/ha + 7.0 t/ha. The results showed that the combination of OM with mineral fertilizers increased crop productivity, fertilizer use efficiency and yield sustainability indices over the treatments amended with sole application of mineral fertilizers and OM. The analysis of undisturbed soil samples during different crop growth stages revealed that the addition of OM decreased the bulk density and increased the pore volume of soil at the beds of 0–20 and 20–40 cm. The application of OM to the soil not only increased saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil but also improved total available and readily available water contents to the plants, especially when FYM was included at 16 t ha−1. Soil-water retention properties recorded over the entire seven-day monitoring period following irrigation in the OM-amended treatments were consistently higher than the sole mineral NPK application treatments. When testing the soil nutrient status during different crop growth stages, it was noted that by adding OM into the soil not only the status of the organic carbon of soil, extractable N and K and available P contents is increased, but the duration of their availability to the plants are also enhanced. The results of the study show that organic manures addition is of major significance for maintaining soil quality and crop production sustainably, and should be advocated in the nutrient management strategies of intensive water- and nutrient-demanding cropping systems.
Muhammad Abid; Tahira Batool; Ghulam Siddique; Shafaqat Ali; Rana Binyamin; Munazzam Shahid; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Integrated Nutrient Management Enhances Soil Quality and Crop Productivity in Maize-Based Cropping System. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10214 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Abid, Tahira Batool, Ghulam Siddique, Shafaqat Ali, Rana Binyamin, Munazzam Shahid, Muhammad Rizwan, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Integrated Nutrient Management Enhances Soil Quality and Crop Productivity in Maize-Based Cropping System. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Abid; Tahira Batool; Ghulam Siddique; Shafaqat Ali; Rana Binyamin; Munazzam Shahid; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2020. "Integrated Nutrient Management Enhances Soil Quality and Crop Productivity in Maize-Based Cropping System." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10214.
The reuse of new and non-traditional sources of water for the purpose of irrigation is the primary goal of all countries that are located in dry areas and suffer from water scarcity, including Egypt in particular. This study was conducted to determine the appropriateness and quantify the benefits of using fish farm wastewater (DWFF), as an alternative to fresh irrigation water (IW), for the irrigation of barley. Two types of water quality were tested for the irrigation of barley, namely DWFF and IW, in addition to four levels of fertilization rates, 100% N, 80% N, 60% N, and 40% N, where 100% N represents 156 kg of nitrogen per hectare. The results showed a positive effect of increasing the nitrogen fertilization rate with irrigation water on the crop with the use of DWFF and IW for irrigating barley in two seasons: 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. The yield when using DWFF for the irrigation of barley was higher than the yield when using IW, which was in the range of 5.1% and 25.9% in 2017/2018 and between 9.8% and 33.3% in 2018/2019. This was due to the additional amount of dissolved biological nitrogen and other nutrients contained in DWFF. Notably, an additional amount of dissolved nitrogen is inherent in DWFF (12.81 kg nitrogen ha−1 in 2017/2018 and 12.43 kg nitrogen ha−1 in 2018/2019) and other elements, such as phosphorus and potassium, which are two macronutrients for crops. The SALTMED model was used to simulate soil moisture content, water application efficiency, nitrogen concentration in the soil layer in the effective root zone, N uptake, the dry matter of grown barley, and yield and water productivity for all treatments, with R2 values of 0.94, 0.89, 0.99, 0.916, 0.89, 0.915, and 0.919 respectively. The research concluded that the use of DWFF is an effective alternative to IW for irrigating barley. It also helped to achieve higher yields while applying lower amounts of IW and chemical fertilizers. There are also additional benefits, such as reducing the drainage to the drainage network and increasing the income of farmers.
Abdelraouf R. E.; Ayman El-Sayed; Ibrahim A. Alaraidh; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohamed El-Zaidy. Field and Modeling Study on Saving Mineral Fertilizers, Increasing Farm Income and Improving Soil Fertility Using Bio-Irrigation with Drainage Water from Fish Farms. Water 2020, 12, 2998 .
AMA StyleAbdelraouf R. E., Ayman El-Sayed, Ibrahim A. Alaraidh, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohamed El-Zaidy. Field and Modeling Study on Saving Mineral Fertilizers, Increasing Farm Income and Improving Soil Fertility Using Bio-Irrigation with Drainage Water from Fish Farms. Water. 2020; 12 (11):2998.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelraouf R. E.; Ayman El-Sayed; Ibrahim A. Alaraidh; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohamed El-Zaidy. 2020. "Field and Modeling Study on Saving Mineral Fertilizers, Increasing Farm Income and Improving Soil Fertility Using Bio-Irrigation with Drainage Water from Fish Farms." Water 12, no. 11: 2998.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely applied in industrial, household and medical areas that lead to its discharge and accumulation in ecosystem. Here, the toxic effect of ZnO NPs in presence and absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was analyzed. The difference in toxicity of bare ZnO and BSA interacted ZnO was studied with different environmental models. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were used as model bacterial systems. Toxicity against bacteria was determined by employing plate count method. C. pyrenoidsa was used as algal system for evaluating toxicity and it was determined by chlorophyll estimation assay. Daphnia sp. was chosen as crustacean system model. A. cepa root cells were chosen as plant model. ZnO NPs increased the ROS formation, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress and it reduced in the presence of BSA. The cytotoxicity, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei (MN) index of A. cepa were increased after ZnO NPs treatment. Same time the toxic effect was decreased in case of BSA coated ZnO NPs. The NPs toxic potential on the organisms decreased in the order of P. aeruginosa (LC50–0.092 mg/L) > S. aureus (LC50–0.33 mg/L) > Daphnia sp (LC50–0.35 mg/L) > C. pyrenoidosa (LC50–8.17 mg/L). LC50 in presence of BSA was determined to be 18.45, 26.24, 17.27 and 53.97 mg/L for P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Daphnia sp and C. pyrenoidosa respectively. Therefore, the report suggests that BSA stabilized ZnO NPs could be more amenable towards applications in biotechnology and bioengineering.
B. Janani; Lija L. Raju; Ajith M. Thomas; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Gani Asa Dudin; Leonard Wijaya; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Parvaiz Ahmad; S. Sudheer Khan. Impact of bovine serum albumin – A protein corona on toxicity of ZnO NPs in environmental model systems of plant, bacteria, algae and crustaceans. Chemosphere 2020, 270, 128629 .
AMA StyleB. Janani, Lija L. Raju, Ajith M. Thomas, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Gani Asa Dudin, Leonard Wijaya, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Parvaiz Ahmad, S. Sudheer Khan. Impact of bovine serum albumin – A protein corona on toxicity of ZnO NPs in environmental model systems of plant, bacteria, algae and crustaceans. Chemosphere. 2020; 270 ():128629.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Janani; Lija L. Raju; Ajith M. Thomas; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Gani Asa Dudin; Leonard Wijaya; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Parvaiz Ahmad; S. Sudheer Khan. 2020. "Impact of bovine serum albumin – A protein corona on toxicity of ZnO NPs in environmental model systems of plant, bacteria, algae and crustaceans." Chemosphere 270, no. : 128629.
Physicochemical parameters determining Dal Lake water quality were evaluated at four different sites during 2016–2017 in four different seasons Spring (April), Summer (July), Autumn (October), and Winter (January). The observed physicochemical values were analyzed by statistical (discriminant analysis) and arithmetic (WQI) methods to ascertain sources and levels of pollution. Discriminant analysis helped to access the contribution of each physicochemical parameter in water quality in the context of sampling sites (spatial) and seasons (temporal) to discriminate pollution loading between sites and as well as seasons. Factors such as temperature, alkalinity, ammoniacal nitrogen, total phosphorous, and orthophosphorous exhibited a strong contribution in the discrimination of sampling sites, while factors such as temperature, alkalinity, hardness, BOD, nitrate nitrogen, and total phosphorous exhibited a strong contribution in the discrimination of sampling seasons. The WQI values for four sampling sites were calculated and indicated that the water at Site I was the most contaminated followed by Site IV, while Site III was the least contaminated. Thus, highlighting that the pressure of anthropogenic activities is subjecting Dal Lake to an unnatural death.
Tawseef Ahmad; Gaganjot Gupta; Anshula Sharma; Baljinder Kaur; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Parvaiz Ahmad. Multivariate Statistical Approach to Study Spatiotemporal Variations in Water Quality of aHimalayan Urban Fresh Water Lake. Water 2020, 12, 2365 .
AMA StyleTawseef Ahmad, Gaganjot Gupta, Anshula Sharma, Baljinder Kaur, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Parvaiz Ahmad. Multivariate Statistical Approach to Study Spatiotemporal Variations in Water Quality of aHimalayan Urban Fresh Water Lake. Water. 2020; 12 (9):2365.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTawseef Ahmad; Gaganjot Gupta; Anshula Sharma; Baljinder Kaur; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Multivariate Statistical Approach to Study Spatiotemporal Variations in Water Quality of aHimalayan Urban Fresh Water Lake." Water 12, no. 9: 2365.
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the probable beneficial role of the individual as well as combined application of kinetin (50 μM Kn) and spermidine (200 μM Spd) on Vigna angularis under cadmium (Cd) stress. Cd treatment reduced growth by declining the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids, photosynthesis, and gas exchange parameters. Exogenously, Kn and Spd application enhanced the photosynthetic parameters and up-regulated the antioxidant system by improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of non-enzymatic components. In addition, the application of Kn and Spd resulted in significant improvement in the content of sugars, proline, and glycine betaine, ameliorating the decline in relative water content. Oxidative stress parameters including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, lipid peroxidation, lipoxygenase activity, and electrolyte leakage increased due to Cd stress; however, the application of Kn and Spd imparted a significant decline in all these parameters. Further, reduced Cd uptake was also observed due to Kn and Spd application. Total phenols and flavonoids also increased due to Kn and Spd treatments under normal as well as Cd stress conditions, which may have further helped with the elimination of reactive oxygen species. Reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase and the content of nitrogen was ameliorated due to the exogenous application of Kn and Spd. Therefore, the exogenous application of Kn and Spd benefited Vigna angularis counteracting the damaging effects of Cd stress by up-regulating the tolerance mechanisms, including antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism.
Mohammad Abass Ahanger; Usman Aziz; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in Vigna angularis by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 147 .
AMA StyleMohammad Abass Ahanger, Usman Aziz, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in Vigna angularis by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress. Biomolecules. 2020; 10 (1):147.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Abass Ahanger; Usman Aziz; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in Vigna angularis by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress." Biomolecules 10, no. 1: 147.
The present study was carried out to investigate the beneficial role of exogenous application of salicylic acid (1 mM SA) and nitric oxide (100 μM NO) in preventing the oxidative damage in Vigna angularis triggered by salinity stress. Salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress reduced growth, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, gas exchange parameters, and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) significantly. Exogenous application of SA and NO was affective in enhancing these growth and photosynthetic parameters. Salinity stress reduced relative water content over control. Further, the application of SA and NO enhanced the synthesis of proline, glycine betaine, and sugars as compared to the control as well as NaCl treated plants contributing to the maintenance of tissue water content. Exogenous application of SA and NO resulted in up-regulation of the antioxidant system. Activities of enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the content of non-enzymatic components, were more in SA + NO treated seedlings as compared to control and salinity stressed counterparts resulting in significant alleviation of the NaCl mediated oxidative damage. Content of nitrogen, potassium, and calcium increased due to SA and NO under normal conditions and NaCl stress conditions while as Na and Cl content reduced significantly.
Mohammad Abass Ahanger; Usman Aziz; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Influence of Exogenous Salicylic Acid and Nitric Oxide on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Salt Stressed Vigna angularis. Biomolecules 2019, 10, 42 .
AMA StyleMohammad Abass Ahanger, Usman Aziz, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Influence of Exogenous Salicylic Acid and Nitric Oxide on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Salt Stressed Vigna angularis. Biomolecules. 2019; 10 (1):42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Abass Ahanger; Usman Aziz; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2019. "Influence of Exogenous Salicylic Acid and Nitric Oxide on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Salt Stressed Vigna angularis." Biomolecules 10, no. 1: 42.
Salt stress has detrimental effects on plant growth and development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation. In this study, small RNA sequencing was employed to identify the salt stress-responsive miRNAs of the salt-sensitive Hassawi-3 and the salt-tolerant ILB4347 genotypes of faba bean, growing under salt stress. A total of 527 miRNAs in Hassawi-3 plants, and 693 miRNAs in ILB4347 plants, were found to be differentially expressed. Additionally, 284 upregulated and 243 downregulated miRNAs in Hassawi-3, and 298 upregulated and 395 downregulated miRNAs in ILB4347 plants growing in control and stress conditions were recorded. Target prediction and annotation revealed that these miRNAs regulate specific salt-responsive genes, which primarily included genes encoding transcription factors and laccases, superoxide dismutase, plantacyanin, and F-box proteins. The salt-responsive miRNAs and their targets were functionally enriched by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, which showed that the miRNAs were involved in salt stress-related biological pathways, including the ABC transporter pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, and the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, among others, suggesting that the miRNAs play an important role in the salt stress tolerance of the ILB4347 genotype. These results offer a novel understanding of the regulatory role of miRNAs in the salt response of the salt-tolerant ILB4347 and the salt-sensitive Hassawi-3 faba bean genotypes.
Saud M. Alzahrani; Ibrahim A. Alaraidh; Muhammad A. Khan; Hussein Migdadi; Salem S. Alghamdi; Abdluaziz A. Alsahli; Khan. Identification and Characterization of Salt-Responsive MicroRNAs in Vicia faba by High-Throughput Sequencing. Genes 2019, 10, 303 .
AMA StyleSaud M. Alzahrani, Ibrahim A. Alaraidh, Muhammad A. Khan, Hussein Migdadi, Salem S. Alghamdi, Abdluaziz A. Alsahli, Khan. Identification and Characterization of Salt-Responsive MicroRNAs in Vicia faba by High-Throughput Sequencing. Genes. 2019; 10 (4):303.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaud M. Alzahrani; Ibrahim A. Alaraidh; Muhammad A. Khan; Hussein Migdadi; Salem S. Alghamdi; Abdluaziz A. Alsahli; Khan. 2019. "Identification and Characterization of Salt-Responsive MicroRNAs in Vicia faba by High-Throughput Sequencing." Genes 10, no. 4: 303.
Melatonin, a natural agent, has multiple functions in animals as well as in plants. However, its possible roles in plants under abiotic stress are not clear. Nowadays, soil salinity is a major threat to global agriculture because a high soil salt content causes multiple stresses (hyperosmotic, ionic, and oxidative). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore: (1) the involvement of melatonin in biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments and in regulation of photosynthetic enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrase (CA) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco); (2) the role of melatonin in osmoregulation by proline and carbohydrate metabolism; and (3) the function of melatonin in the antioxidant defense system under salinity. Outcomes of the study reveal that under non-saline conditions, application of melatonin (20 and 50 µM) improved plant growth, viz. shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight (FW), root FW, shoot dry weight (DW), root DW and leaf area and physio-biochemical parameters [chlorophyll (Chl) a and b, proline (Pro) and total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) content, and increased the activity of CA and Rubisco]. However, tomato seedlings treated with NaCl exhibited enhanced Chl degradation, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; superoxide and hydrogen peroxide). ROS were detected in leaf and root. Interestingly, application of melatonin improved plant growth and reduced EL, MDA and ROS levels through upregulation of photosynthesis enzymes (CA, Rubisco), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate reductase) and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants [ascorbate (ASC) and reduced glutathione (GSH)], as well as by affecting the ASC—GSH cycle. Additionally, exogenous melatonin also improved osmoregulation by increasing the content of TSC, Pro and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase activity. These results suggest that melatonin has beneficial effects on tomato seedlings growth under both stress and non-stress conditions. Melatonin’s role in tolerance to salt stress may be associated with the regulation of enzymes involved in photosynthesis, the antioxidant system, metabolism of proline and carbohydrate, and the ASC—GSH cycle. Also, melatonin could be responsible for maintaining the high ratios of GSH/GSSG and ASC/DHA.
Manzer H. Siddiqui; Saud Alamri; Mutahhar Y. Al-Khaishany; M. Nasir Khan; Abdullah Al-Amri; Hayssam M. Ali; Ibrahim A. Alaraidh; Abdulaziz A. Alsahli. Exogenous Melatonin Counteracts NaCl-Induced Damage by Regulating the Antioxidant System, Proline and Carbohydrates Metabolism in Tomato Seedlings. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 353 .
AMA StyleManzer H. Siddiqui, Saud Alamri, Mutahhar Y. Al-Khaishany, M. Nasir Khan, Abdullah Al-Amri, Hayssam M. Ali, Ibrahim A. Alaraidh, Abdulaziz A. Alsahli. Exogenous Melatonin Counteracts NaCl-Induced Damage by Regulating the Antioxidant System, Proline and Carbohydrates Metabolism in Tomato Seedlings. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (2):353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManzer H. Siddiqui; Saud Alamri; Mutahhar Y. Al-Khaishany; M. Nasir Khan; Abdullah Al-Amri; Hayssam M. Ali; Ibrahim A. Alaraidh; Abdulaziz A. Alsahli. 2019. "Exogenous Melatonin Counteracts NaCl-Induced Damage by Regulating the Antioxidant System, Proline and Carbohydrates Metabolism in Tomato Seedlings." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 2: 353.
High salinity mitigates crop productivity and quality. Plant growth-promoting soil rhizobacteria (PGPR) improve plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance via mediating various physiological and molecular mechanisms. This study investigated the effects of the PGPR strain Serratia liquefaciens KM4 on the growth and physiological and molecular responsiveness of maize (Zea mays L.) plants under salinity stress (0, 80, and 160 mM NaCl). High salinity significantly reduced plant growth and biomass production, nutrient uptake, leaf relative water content, pigment content, leaf gas exchange attributes, and total flavonoid and phenolic contents in maize. However, osmolyte content (e.g., soluble proteins, proline, and free amino acids), oxidative stress markers, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants levels were increased in maize under high salinity. On the other hand, Serratia liquefaciens KM4 inoculation significantly reduced oxidative stress markers, but increased the maize growth and biomass production along with better leaf gas exchange, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense systems, and nutrient uptake under salt stress. Moreover, it was found that all these improvements were accompanied with the upregulation of stress-related genes (APX, CAT, SOD, RBCS, RBCL, H+-PPase, HKT1, and NHX1), and downregulation of the key gene in ABA biosynthesis (NCED). Taken together, the results demonstrate the beneficial role of Serratia liquefaciens KM4 in improving plant growth and salt stress tolerance in maize by regulating ion homeostasis, redox potential, leaf gas exchange, and stress-related genes expression.
Mohamed A. El-Esawi; Ibrahim A. Alaraidh; Abdulaziz A. Alsahli; Saud M. Alzahrani; Hayssam M. Ali; Aisha A. Alayafi; Margaret Ahmad. Serratia liquefaciens KM4 Improves Salt Stress Tolerance in Maize by Regulating Redox Potential, Ion Homeostasis, Leaf Gas Exchange and Stress-Related Gene Expression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2018, 19, 3310 .
AMA StyleMohamed A. El-Esawi, Ibrahim A. Alaraidh, Abdulaziz A. Alsahli, Saud M. Alzahrani, Hayssam M. Ali, Aisha A. Alayafi, Margaret Ahmad. Serratia liquefaciens KM4 Improves Salt Stress Tolerance in Maize by Regulating Redox Potential, Ion Homeostasis, Leaf Gas Exchange and Stress-Related Gene Expression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19 (11):3310.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed A. El-Esawi; Ibrahim A. Alaraidh; Abdulaziz A. Alsahli; Saud M. Alzahrani; Hayssam M. Ali; Aisha A. Alayafi; Margaret Ahmad. 2018. "Serratia liquefaciens KM4 Improves Salt Stress Tolerance in Maize by Regulating Redox Potential, Ion Homeostasis, Leaf Gas Exchange and Stress-Related Gene Expression." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11: 3310.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) represents one of the most important cereals cultivated worldwide. Investigating genetic variability and structure of barley is important for enhancing the crop productivity. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and structure of 40 barley genotypes originated from three European countries (France, the Netherlands, Poland) using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). It also aimed to study 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) effect on salinity tolerance of six barley genotypes. The expected heterozygosity (He) diverged from 0.126 to 0.501, with a mean of 0.348. Polymorphic information content (PIC) diverged from 0.103 to 0.482 across barley genotypes, with a mean of 0.316, indicating that barley genotypes are rich in a considerable level of genetic diversity. The 40 barley genotypes were further studied based on their geographical origin (Western Europe and Eastern Europe). The Eastern European region (Poland) has a higher barley variability than the Western European region (France and the Netherlands). Nei’s distance-based cluster tree divided the 40 barley accessions into two major clusters; one cluster comprised all the varieties originated from the Eastern European region, while the other major cluster included all accessions originated from the Western European region. Structure analysis results were in a complete concordance with our cluster analysis results. Slaski 2, Damseaux and Urbanowicki genotypes have the highest diversity level, whereas Carmen, Bigo and Cambrinus genotypes have the lowest level. The response of these six varieties to NaCl stress was also investigated. Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) slightly decreased levels of chlorophyll, carotenoid and osmolytes (proteins, soluble sugars, phenolics and flavonoids) in the leaves of Slaski 2, Damseaux and Urbanowicki genotypes at non-significant level, as compared to control samples. However, pigment contents and osmolytes in leaves of Carmen, Bigo and Cambrinus genotypes were significantly decreased by salt stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased in Slaski 2 genotype, but non-significantly increased in Carmen by salt stress. Priming Slaski 2 and Carmen cultivars with ALA under salt stress significantly induced pigment contents, antioxidants enzymes activity and stress-responsive genes expression, relative to NaCl-stressed plants. In conclusion, this study suggested a correlation between variability percentage and degree of salinity resistance. ALA improved salt tolerance in barley.
Mohamed A. El-Esawi; Ibrahim A. Alaraidh; Abdulaziz A. Alsahli; Hayssam M. Ali; Aisha A. Alayafi; Jacques Witczak; Margaret Ahmad. Genetic Variation and Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Molecules 2018, 23, 2488 .
AMA StyleMohamed A. El-Esawi, Ibrahim A. Alaraidh, Abdulaziz A. Alsahli, Hayssam M. Ali, Aisha A. Alayafi, Jacques Witczak, Margaret Ahmad. Genetic Variation and Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Molecules. 2018; 23 (10):2488.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed A. El-Esawi; Ibrahim A. Alaraidh; Abdulaziz A. Alsahli; Hayssam M. Ali; Aisha A. Alayafi; Jacques Witczak; Margaret Ahmad. 2018. "Genetic Variation and Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Molecules 23, no. 10: 2488.