The alkaline activation of a carbonized graphene oxide/dextrin mixture yielded a carbon-based nanoscale material (AC-TR) with a unique highly porous structure. The BET-estimated specific surface area of the material is 3167 m²/g, which is higher than the specific surface area of a graphene layer. The material has a density of 0.34 g/cm³ and electrical resistivity of 0.25 Ω·cm and its properties were studied using the elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray induced Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the plasmon excitation range. From these data, we derive an integral understanding of the structure of this material. The concentration of sp³ carbon atoms was found to be relatively low with an absolute value that depends on the measurement method. It was shown that there is no graphite-like (002) peak in the electron and X-ray diffraction pattern. The characteristic size of a sp²-domain in the basal plane estimated from the Raman spectra was 7 nm. It was also found that plasmon peaks in the EELS spectrum of AC-TR are downshifted compared to those of graphite.

In this paper, we report a cost-effective and scalable approach to produce highly homogeneous graphene and CNT-based silicone composites with potential applications in diverse fields of research, including biosensors and wearable electronics. This approach includes the fabrication of hybrid fillers based on few-layer graphene and CNTs by water solution blending and manufacturing of graphene/CNT/PDMS composites through calendering in a three-roll mill. The influence of processing parameters, the graphene/CNT ratio, and hybrid filler loading was thoroughly investigated, and the optimal parameters for producing hybrid composites with superior electrical and mechanical properties were found. It was also confirmed that the graphene/CNT hybrid system exhibits a synergistic effect of non-covalent interactions between graphene sheets and CNT sidewalls. This synergistic effect prevents the aggregation of graphene sheets, facilitates the dispersion of graphene and CNTs in the silicone matrix, and contributes to the superior properties of hybrid composites compared to composites with either of these fillers alone.

The synthesis of a nanocomposite material based on graphene modified with iron oxide nanoparticles, which is an effective sorbent of organic pollutants contained in aqueous media, has been considered. The production of graphene by chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is the most flexible and popular method for the synthesis of composite materials of various structures based on graphene. Chemical reduction of graphene oxide was carried out using gamma-lactone-2,3-dehydro-L-gulonic acid (ascorbic acid). The method of obtaining the composite under study includes processing the hydrogel obtained after the GO reduction in supercritical isopropanol, which makes it possible to obtain graphene aerogel containing nanoparticles of iron(II, III) oxide. The analysis of the specific surface and porosity of the obtained aerogel showed that the specific surface area of the aerogel was ~7 times higher as compared to the specific surface of the xerogel obtained by drying of the hydrogel under ordinary conditions in air. The diffractometric analysis of xerogel and aerogel samples suggests that, during supercritical drying in the organic fluid, the processes of iron hydroxide reduction to iron(II, III) oxide proceed. The sorption capacity of the obtained hydro- and aerogel was studied by the extraction of methylene blue organic dye from aqueous solutions in a static mode (batch method). The results of the experiments showed that the maximum values of the sorption capacity for the methylene blue dye were 1370 and 1326 mg/g for the hydro- and aerogel, respectively.

Citrate-nitrate method was used to synthesize (Fe,Co)/MgO-Al₂O₃, (Fe,Mo)/MgO-Al₂O₃, and (CoMo)/MgO-Al₂O₃ catalysts for production of carbon nanotubes. Multi-walled nanotubes were formed on these catalysts by catalytic pyrolysis of a propane-butane mixture.