Background and Objectives: Oral mucositis, a severe non-hematological complication, can be induced by chemoradiotherapy. It is associated with severe local dysfunction, severely affecting the patient’s quality of life; it increases the risk of oral infections and interrupts oncological treatment, thus prolonging the duration and cost of hospitalization. Besides all of the agents used in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis induced by oncological treatment, can there be found an easier one to administer, with an effective preparation, high addressability, both for adults and paediatric patients, without side effects, and at the same time cheap and easy to purchase? The aim of the present paper is to demonstrate the existence of this product, which is available to everyone, having multiple benefits. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of writing this article, materials were searched in electronic databases in between 2019 and 2021, taking into consideration papers where authors have demonstrated the effectiveness of this product through its topical or systemic use. Results: Numerous studies have highlighted the benefits of honey on oral mucositis. Through its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous and antibacterial action, honey has proved to have a major impact on the patient’s quality of life and nutritional status by promoting tissue epithelialization and healing of the chemoradiotherapy-induced lesions. Conclusions: Superior to many natural agents, bee honey can be successfully used in both preventing and treating oral mucositis. There are currently numerous studies supporting and recommending the use of bee honey in the management of this oncological toxicity.

Sweet syndrome (SS) is a rare disease described as a febrile neutrophilic dermatosis with acute onset, the pathogenesis of which has not yet been elucidated. The syndrome is characterized by the sudden onset of erythematous infiltrated papules or plaques located on the upper body and is associated with fever, leukocytosis and neutrophilia. The lesions show a dense dermal infiltration with mature neutrophils. The condition is responsive to systemic steroids. The central nervous system, bones, muscles, eyes, ears, mouth, heart, lung, liver, kidneys, intestines, and spleen may be affected by SS as extracutaneous manifestations. More and more cases have been found to be associated with malignancies, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome, and, less frequently, other hematologic malignancies or solid tumors. Approximately 21% of patients with SS have an associated malignancy and up to 80% of MASS cases are associated with hematological diseases, predominantly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Myelodysplastic syndrome is a clonal disease of the bone marrow characterized by inefficient hematopoiesis, dysplasia of the bone marrow and peripheral cytopenias. Affected patients have a high risk of leukemic transformation. After analyzing later studies and current practical aspects regarding MDS-related SS, we suggest an algorithm for evaluating these patients.

An artificial neural network (ANN) is used to analyse data obtained on tool wear. The ANN is compared with the fuzzy c-means method.

Background: The gut microbiota constitutes a metabolically active “second genome” that profoundly modulates drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and adverse reaction profiles. Beyond antibiotics, widely prescribed non-antibiotic pharmacotherapies exert clinically relevant pharmacomicrobiomic effects with implications for therapeutic optimisation and pharmacovigilance. Methods: This narrative review, conducted following PRISMA 2020 reporting principles (without PROSPERO pre-registration), searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (January 2015–December 2024) for evidence on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), metformin, NSAIDs, statins, SGLT2 inhibitors, and oral iron. Evidence tables included clinical human studies with molecular microbiota characterisation (16S rRNA or shotgun metagenomics), ≥20 participants, and a control arm; preclinical data informed mechanistic synthesis. Results: Of 68 eligible studies, 20 met criteria for the evidence tables. PPIs significantly remodelled gut microbiota composition with enrichment of oral-origin taxa (“oralisation of the gut”), associating with Clostridioides difficile infection and SIBO. Metformin enriched Akkermansia muciniphila and butyrate producers, contributing causally to glycaemic efficacy. NSAIDs compromised barrier integrity, with synergistic dysbiosis under PPI co-prescription. Statins correlated with reduced prevalence of the dysbiotic Bact2 enterotype. SGLT2 inhibitor data remained discordant. Oral iron consistently enriched Enterobacteriaceae at the expense of beneficial commensals.

The Prevention of Dementia Before and After Stroke - Archiv-EuroMedica

Background and Aims: Viral hepatitis C remains one of the leading causes of virus-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, being the main etiological cause of cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma which transforms it into a global health problem. It investigated the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Romania. Methods: This prospective study was conducted between 2021 and 2023 by an extensive national Romanian screening program LIVE(RO)2 of 320,000 participants, most of whom being a part of deemed vulnerable populations. All participants agreed to an informed written consent and potential risk factors for HCV transmission were investigated by questionnaire. Results: Out of the 320,000 screened individuals, 3,859 were infected with HCV meaning 1.21% prevalence (95%CI: 1.17–1.24). HCV-infected individuals were meanly aged at 65.8 ± 12.93 years, significantly higher as compared to non-infected participants (54.03 ± 16.41 years, p<0.0001). The main risk factors associated with HCV chronic infection included male gender, being aged between 30-49 or 60-69 years old, low level of education, being unvaccinated, unemployed, not married, with personal history of blood or blood products transfusion, hemodialysis, surgical interventions, tattooing, being in contact with family members with hepatitis, with hospitalizations, imprisoned, and performing unprotected sexual contacts or with partners diagnosed with sexually transmitted infectious diseases. Conclusions: The prevalence of HCV infection in Romania is 1.21%. Additional to providing supplemental healthcare support to vulnerable populations, the current study contributes in Romania‘s national HCV elimination objectives.