Rapidly increasing industrialisation has human needs, but the consequences have added to the environmental harm. The pollution caused by several industries, including the dye industries, generates a large volume of wastewater containing dyes and hazardous chemicals that drains industrial effluents. The growing demand for readily available water, as well as the problem of polluted organic waste in reservoirs and streams, is a critical challenge for proper and sustainable development. Remediation has resulted in the need for an appropriate alternative to clear up the implications. Nanotechnology is an efficient and effective path to improve wastewater treatment/remediation. The effective surface properties and chemical activity of nanoparticles give them a better chance to remove or degrade the dye material from wastewater treatment. AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) are an efficient nanoparticle for the treatment of dye effluent that have been explored in many studies. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs against several pathogens is well-recognised in the health and agriculture sectors. This review article summarises the applications of nanosilver-based particles in the dye removal/degradation process, effective water management strategies, and the field of agriculture.

This paper deals with the machinability of nickel-based superalloys using abrasive water jet machining process. The machining studies were carried out with three different parameters such as water jet pressure, traverse speed of jet nozzle, and standoff distance at three different levels. The performances of the process parameters are evaluated by measuring difference in kerf width, kerf wall inclination, and material removal rate (MRR). Further, the surface morphology and material removal mechanisms are analyzed through scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. It is found that water jet pressure is the most influencing factor related to surface morphology and surface quality.

Transformation of waste into resources is an important part of the circular economy. Nowadays, the recovery of materials in the most effective way is crucial for sustainable development. Composite materials offer great opportunities for product development and high performance in use, but their position in a circular economy system remains challenging, especially in terms of material recovery. Currently, the methods applied for recycling composites are not always effective. The aim of the article is to analyse the most important methods of material recovery from multilateral composites. The manuscript presents three case studies related to the recycling of products manufactured from composites: used tyres, wind turbine blades, and solar panels. It shows the advantages and disadvantages of currently applied methods for multilateral composite utilisation and presents further trends in composite recycling. The results show that increasing volumes of end-of-life composites have led to increased attention from government, industry, and academia.

Composite materials have taken an imperative place in the material system because of their unique performance in various specialized applications. Fiber inclusion and the heterogeneous property of composites make it more difficult to machine with the conventional machining process. However, several nonconventional methods have been adopted for machining composites, in which abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) was proven to be more effective and a preferable technique in machining of fiber-reinforced composite material. This review article is intended to highlight and categorize the machining performance of the fiber-reinforced composites on machining with AWJM process.

This review examines the mechanical performance of metal- and polymer-based composites fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. Composite materials have significantly influenced various industries due to their exceptional reliability and effectiveness. As technology advances, new types of composite reinforcements, such as novel chemical-based and bio-based, and new fabrication techniques are utilized to develop high-performance composite materials. AM, a widely popular concept poised to shape the development of Industry 4.0, is also being utilized in the production of composite materials. Comparing AM-based manufacturing processes to traditional methods reveals significant variations in the performance of the resulting composites. The primary objective of this review is to offer a comprehensive understanding of metal- and polymer-based composites and their applications in diverse fields. Further on this review delves into the intricate details of metal- and polymer-based composites, shedding light on their mechanical performance and exploring the various industries and sectors where they find utility.

Metal matrix composites are found to have many applications in the materials and structural engineering field. In this work, an investigation is carried out to find the influence of process parameters such as pulse current (I), pulse on time (T _on), pulse duty factor (τ), and voltage (V) on the machining of Al(6351)—5 wt% silicon carbide (SiC)—5 wt% boron carbide (B₄C) hybrid composite through electrical discharge machining. The individual parameters were analyzed with an objective to minimize electrode wear ratio (EWR), surface roughness (SR), and power consumption (PC). The experimental result shows that the output responses were greatly influenced by pulse current, with a contribution of 33.08% to EWR, 76.65% to SR, and 48.08% to PC. The surface characteristics were also examined through scanning electron microscope and the presence of craters and recast layers was observed.