Rapidly increasing industrialisation has human needs, but the consequences have added to the environmental harm. The pollution caused by several industries, including the dye industries, generates a large volume of wastewater containing dyes and hazardous chemicals that drains industrial effluents. The growing demand for readily available water, as well as the problem of polluted organic waste in reservoirs and streams, is a critical challenge for proper and sustainable development. Remediation has resulted in the need for an appropriate alternative to clear up the implications. Nanotechnology is an efficient and effective path to improve wastewater treatment/remediation. The effective surface properties and chemical activity of nanoparticles give them a better chance to remove or degrade the dye material from wastewater treatment. AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) are an efficient nanoparticle for the treatment of dye effluent that have been explored in many studies. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs against several pathogens is well-recognised in the health and agriculture sectors. This review article summarises the applications of nanosilver-based particles in the dye removal/degradation process, effective water management strategies, and the field of agriculture.

The most critical challenges confronting humanity's future is climatic change, water scarcity, and the impending end of the petroleum era are primarily driven by the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, rising global temperatures, and the rapid growth of the global population. Bio‐resources have emerged as a promising alternative for reducing dependence on petroleum‐derived materials. Interestingly, plants and microbes collectively account for approximately 99% of Earth's total living biomass. The scientific interest in environmentally friendly and sustainable materials is based on their compatibility, biodegradability, recyclability, and benign behavior, natural‐source materials. Airborne nano‐plastic pollution has become a significant environmental concern, adding to the existing challenges posed by water pollution, micro‐plastics, and other harmful contaminants that endanger both living organisms and ecosystems. This work explores the replacement of petroleum‐derived chemicals and fuels with naturally derived biomass products, emphasizing a future free from petroleum and fossil fuels. It discusses recent developments in plant‐derived polymers, resins, and composites, showcasing their potential as functional and eco‐friendly substitutes for conventional petroleum‐based materials. It highlights various advancements, including green energy solutions, the development of renewable resource‐based materials, bio‐plastics, plant‐based alternatives, and innovative water treatment technologies.

This review examines the mechanical performance of metal- and polymer-based composites fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. Composite materials have significantly influenced various industries due to their exceptional reliability and effectiveness. As technology advances, new types of composite reinforcements, such as novel chemical-based and bio-based, and new fabrication techniques are utilized to develop high-performance composite materials. AM, a widely popular concept poised to shape the development of Industry 4.0, is also being utilized in the production of composite materials. Comparing AM-based manufacturing processes to traditional methods reveals significant variations in the performance of the resulting composites. The primary objective of this review is to offer a comprehensive understanding of metal- and polymer-based composites and their applications in diverse fields. Further on this review delves into the intricate details of metal- and polymer-based composites, shedding light on their mechanical performance and exploring the various industries and sectors where they find utility.

This comprehensive review investigates the potential of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) as a highly effective adsorbent for organic dye degradation. Al₂O₃ emerges as a promising solution to address environmental challenges associated with dye discharge due to its solid ceramic composition, robust mechanical properties, expansive surface area, and exceptional resistance to environmental degradation. The paper meticulously examines recent advancements in Al₂O₃-based materials, emphasizing their efficacy in both organic dye degradation and adsorption. Offering a nuanced understanding of Al₂O₃’s pivotal role in environmental remediation, this review provides a valuable synthesis of the latest research developments in the field of dye degradation. It serves as an insightful resource, emphasizing the significant potential of aluminum oxide in mitigating the pressing environmental concerns linked to organic dye discharge. The application of Al₂O₃-based catalysts in the photocatalytic treatment of multi-component organic dyes necessitates further exploration, particularly in addressing real-world wastewater complexities.

This research investigates the manufacturing and characterisation of polyester-based composites reinforced with jute fibres and red mud particulates. The motivation stems from the need for sustainable, high-performance materials for applications in industries, like aerospace and automotive, where resistance to erosion is critical. Jute, a renewable fibre, combined with red mud, an industrial byproduct, offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional composites. The composites were fabricated using compression moulding with varying red mud contents (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) and a fixed 40 wt.% of jute fibre. Fibre treatments included sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and silane treatments to improve bonding and performance. Erosion tests were performed using an air-jet erosion tester, examining the effects of the red mud content, fibre treatment, and impact angles. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis provided insights into the erosion mechanisms. A distinctive reduction in erosion rates at higher impact angles (30°–60°) was observed, attributed to the semi-ductile nature of the composites. The addition of red mud enhanced erosion resistance, although an excess of 30 wt.% reduced resistance due to poor surface bonding. Silane-treated composites showed the lowest erosion rates. This study provides new insights into the interplay among material composition, fibre treatment, and erosion dynamics, contributing to the development of optimised, eco-friendly composite materials.

Filled hybrid composites are widely used in various structural applications where machining is critical. Hence, it is essential to understand the performance of the fibre composites’ machining behaviour. As such, a new hybrid structural composite was fabricated with redmud as filler and sisal fibre as reinforcement in polyester matrix. The composite was then tested for its drilling performance. A comprehensive drilling experiment was conducted using Taguchi L27 orthogonal array. The effect of the drill tool point angle, the cutting speed, the feed rate on thrust force, delamination, and burr formation were analysed for producing quality holes. The significance of each parameter was analysed, and the experimental outcomes revealed some important findings in the context of the drilling behaviour of sisal fibre/polyester composites with redmud as a filler. Spindle speed contributed 39% in affecting the thrust force, while the feed rate had the maximum influence of ca. 38% in affecting delamination.