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In the face of the largest human displacement ever recorded in modern history more than 79.5 million persons around the world have been forced to flee their homes worldwide at the end of 2019, from which 30 million are refugees. However, most shelters lack actual capacity to provide adequate thermal control for much of the year time; whereas many are located in regions with hard weather conditions, most fail to maintain temperature and humidity within accepted human comfort levels. This fact triggers ad hoc users’ responses that compromise their sense of security, privacy, and belonging, and in some cases, challenge their cultural traditions. This study evaluates the thermal performance of the three most common UNHCR’s shelters design for refugees assigned to the three extreme climatic regions facing this crisis worldwide: Jordan, Afghanistan, and South Sudan and links with the regional particularities. Seasonal analyses are carried out through computer simulations contrasted with data collected in-situ. The study also tests variations of the thermal performance of each shelter type under the other climate locations seeking for potential matches. Findings show that UNHCR’s shelter type A has the best regulation of humidity levels and potential for exportation, and that type C has the best performance for thermal stability although greater difficulties and application for rapid deployment. The study concludes with a detailed assessment of current designs’ strengths and weaknesses that could inform future shelter designs or alterations of existing units to improve refugees’ living conditions.
Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Ángela Rosa-García; Jésica Fernández-Agüera; Natalia Escobar-Castrillón. Architecture of the scape: Thermal assessment of refugee shelter design in the extremes climates of Jordan, Afghanistan and South Sudan. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 42, 102396 .
AMA StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Ángela Rosa-García, Jésica Fernández-Agüera, Natalia Escobar-Castrillón. Architecture of the scape: Thermal assessment of refugee shelter design in the extremes climates of Jordan, Afghanistan and South Sudan. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 42 ():102396.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Ángela Rosa-García; Jésica Fernández-Agüera; Natalia Escobar-Castrillón. 2021. "Architecture of the scape: Thermal assessment of refugee shelter design in the extremes climates of Jordan, Afghanistan and South Sudan." Journal of Building Engineering 42, no. : 102396.
During the first outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic the population, focusing primarily on the risk of infection, was generally inattentive to the quality of indoor air. Spain, and the city of Madrid in particular, were among the world’s coronavirus hotspots. The country’s entire population was subject to a 24/7 lockdown for 45 days. This paper describes a comparative longitudinal survey of air quality in four types of housing in the city of Madrid before and during lockdown. The paper analysed indoor temperatures and variations in CO2, 2.5 μm particulate matter (PM2.5) and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentrations before and during lockdown. The mean daily outdoor PM2.5 concentration declined from 11.04 µg/m3 before to 7.10 µg/m3 during lockdown. Before lockdown the NO2 concentration values scored as ‘very good’ 46% of the time, compared to 90.9% during that period. Although the city’s outdoor air quality improved, during lockdown the population’s exposure to indoor pollutants was generally more acute and prolonged. Due primarily to concern over domestic energy savings, the lack of suitable ventilation and more intensive use of cleaning products and disinfectants during the covid-19 crisis, indoor pollutant levels were typically higher than compatible with healthy environments. Mean daily PM2.5 concentration rose by approximately 12% and mean TVOC concentration by 37% to 559%. The paper also puts forward a series of recommendations to improve indoor domestic environments in future pandemics and spells out urgent action to be taken around indoor air quality (IAQ) in the event of total or partial quarantining to protect residents from respiratory ailments and concomitantly enhanced susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, as identified by international medical research.
Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Sonia Cesteros-García; Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano. Bad Air Can Also Kill: Residential Indoor Air Quality and Pollutant Exposure Risk during the COVID-19 Crisis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7183 .
AMA StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Sonia Cesteros-García, Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano. Bad Air Can Also Kill: Residential Indoor Air Quality and Pollutant Exposure Risk during the COVID-19 Crisis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7183.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Sonia Cesteros-García; Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano. 2020. "Bad Air Can Also Kill: Residential Indoor Air Quality and Pollutant Exposure Risk during the COVID-19 Crisis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7183.
Climate change is raising the length and intensity of the warm season in the academic year, with a very significant impact on indoor classroom conditions. Increasingly frequent episodes of extreme heat are having an adverse effect on school activities, whose duration may have to be shortened or pace slackened. Fitting facilities with air conditioning does not always solve the problem and may even contribute to discomfort or worsen health conditions, often as a result of insufficient ventilation. Users have traditionally adopted measures to adapt to these situations, particularly in warm climates where mechanical refrigeration is absent or unavailable. Implementation of such measures or of natural ventilation is not always possible or their efficacy is limited in school environments, however. Such constraints, especially in a context where reasonable energy use and operating costs are a primary concern, inform the need to identify the factors that contribute to users’ perceptions of comfort. This study deploys a post-occupancy strategy combined with participatory action to empower occupants as agents actively engaging in their own comfort. It addresses user-identified classroom comfort parameters potentially applicable in the design and layout of thermally suitable spaces meriting occupant acceptance.
Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Maella Minaksi González; Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches. Overheating in Schools: Factors Determining Children´s Perceptions of Overall Comfort Indoors. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5772 .
AMA StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Maella Minaksi González, Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches. Overheating in Schools: Factors Determining Children´s Perceptions of Overall Comfort Indoors. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5772.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Maella Minaksi González; Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches. 2020. "Overheating in Schools: Factors Determining Children´s Perceptions of Overall Comfort Indoors." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5772.
The indoor environment in non-university classrooms is one of the most analyzed problems in the thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) areas. Traditional schools in southern Europe are usually equipped with heating-only systems and naturally ventilated, but climate change processes are both progressively increasing average temperatures and lengthening the warm periods. In addition, air renewal is relayed in these buildings to uncontrolled infiltration and windows’ operation, but urban environmental pollution is exacerbating allergies and respiratory conditions among the youth population. In this way, this exposure has a significant effect on both the academic performance and the general health of the users. Thus, the analysis of the occupants’ noticed symptoms and their perception of the indoor environment is identified as a potential complementary tool to a more comprehensive indoor comfort assessment. The research presents an analysis based on environmental sensation votes, perception, and indoor-related symptoms described by students during lessons contrasted with physical and measured parameters and operational scenarios. This methodology is applied to 47 case studies in naturally ventilated classrooms in southern Europe. The main conclusions are related to the direct influence of windows’ operation on symptoms like tiredness, as well as the low impact of CO2 concentration variance on symptomatology because they usually exceeded recommended levels. In addition, this work found a relationship between symptoms under study with temperature values and the environmental perception votes, and the special impact of the lack of suitable ventilation and air purifier systems together with the inadequacy of current thermal systems.
Miguel Ángel Campano-Laborda; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Ignacio Acosta. Indoor Comfort and Symptomatology in Non-University Educational Buildings: Occupants’ Perception. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 357 .
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Campano-Laborda, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Ignacio Acosta. Indoor Comfort and Symptomatology in Non-University Educational Buildings: Occupants’ Perception. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (4):357.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Campano-Laborda; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Ignacio Acosta. 2020. "Indoor Comfort and Symptomatology in Non-University Educational Buildings: Occupants’ Perception." Atmosphere 11, no. 4: 357.
In southern Europe, the present stock of social housing is ventilated naturally, with practice varying in the different seasons of the year. In winter, windows are kept closed most of the day with the exception of short periods for ventilation, whereas the rest of the year the windows are almost permanently open. In cold weather, air changes depend primarily on the air infiltrating across the envelope and when the temperature is warm, on the air flowing in through open windows. CO2, PM2.5, and TVOC concentration patterns were gathered over a year’s time in three social housing developments in southern Europe with different airtightness conditions and analyzed to determine possible relationships between environmental parameters and occupants’ use profiles. Correlations were found between TVOC and CO2 concentrations, for human activity was identified as the primary source of indoor contaminants: peak TVOC concentrations were related to specific household activities such as cooking or leisure. Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were likewise observed to be correlated, although not linearly due to the presence of indoor sources. Ventilation as presently practiced in winter appears to be insufficient to dilute indoor contaminants in all three buildings, nor does summertime behavior guarantee air quality.
Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Dominguez-Amarillo; Marco Fornaciari; Fabio Orlandi. TVOCs and PM 2.5 in Naturally Ventilated Homes: Three Case Studies in a Mild Climate. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6225 .
AMA StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera, Samuel Dominguez-Amarillo, Marco Fornaciari, Fabio Orlandi. TVOCs and PM 2.5 in Naturally Ventilated Homes: Three Case Studies in a Mild Climate. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Dominguez-Amarillo; Marco Fornaciari; Fabio Orlandi. 2019. "TVOCs and PM 2.5 in Naturally Ventilated Homes: Three Case Studies in a Mild Climate." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6225.
The development of policies to improve energy efficiency and the retrofitting of the existing housing stock requires adequate knowledge of the operation in practice and user needs. This becomes crucial when intervening in social housing, where household energy practices are likely to be confounded by energy affordability leading to outcomes that are distinct and sub-optimal when compared to those conventionally assumed. A field survey and analyses applied to more than 700 homes from collective social housing buildings in the south of Spain is reported here. The results show a clear stratification of energy consumption and ownership of household appliances and thermal systems. An austere self-imposed use of energy appears, coupled with normative adoption of certain energy-efficient habits particularly with respect to laundry. An emergence of multimedia and computer equipment seems to be changing the overall balance of use of equipment in homes. A clear income level above which provision of thermal comfort using mechanical means became affordable was found. The work provides useful data of home habits and identifies the main underperformance issues of this representative household-group, what may feed the design of upgrade policies and optimization of energy access for this housing stock.
Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Andrew Peacock; Ignacio Acosta. Energy related practices in Mediterranean low-income housing. Building Research & Information 2019, 48, 34 -52.
AMA StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Andrew Peacock, Ignacio Acosta. Energy related practices in Mediterranean low-income housing. Building Research & Information. 2019; 48 (1):34-52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Andrew Peacock; Ignacio Acosta. 2019. "Energy related practices in Mediterranean low-income housing." Building Research & Information 48, no. 1: 34-52.
A large part of the school building stock in Andalusia lacks ventilation facilities, so that the air renewal of the classrooms is achieved through the building envelope (air infiltration) or the opening of windows. This research analyses the airtightness of the classrooms in Andalusia and the evolution of CO2 concentration during school hours through in situ monitoring. Pressurization and depressurization tests were performed in 42 classrooms and CO2 concentration was measured in two different periods, winter and midseason, to study the impact of the different levels of aperture of windows. About 917 students (11–17 years of age) were surveyed on symptoms and effects on their health. The mean n50 values are about 7 h−1, whereas the average CO2 concentration values are about 1878 ppm, with 42% of the case studies displaying concentrations above 2000 ppm with windows closed.
Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Miguel Ángel Campano; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Ignacio Acosta; Juan José Sendra. CO2 Concentration and Occupants’ Symptoms in Naturally Ventilated Schools in Mediterranean Climate. Buildings 2019, 9, 197 .
AMA StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera, Miguel Ángel Campano, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Ignacio Acosta, Juan José Sendra. CO2 Concentration and Occupants’ Symptoms in Naturally Ventilated Schools in Mediterranean Climate. Buildings. 2019; 9 (9):197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera; Miguel Ángel Campano; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Ignacio Acosta; Juan José Sendra. 2019. "CO2 Concentration and Occupants’ Symptoms in Naturally Ventilated Schools in Mediterranean Climate." Buildings 9, no. 9: 197.
This article describes two models developed to predict airtightness in multifamily buildings in a Mediterranean region. They are designed to enable city planners, architects and engineers to estimate airtightness in homes built from 1980 to date (predictive model 1) or prior to 1979 (predictive model 2), when the first domestic energy conservation regulations entered into effect. They are based on a series of readily accessible parameters such as winter severity, envelope exposure, presence of a bathroom window and façade type. The estimated n50 data can be used with energy certification software, which presently envisages the same, non-experimentally quantified mean value for all types of housing. They can also be entered into energy and comfort simulation programs to predict energy consumption and expected indoor temperatures.
Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Juan José Sendra; Rafael Suarez. Predictive models for airtightness in social housing in a Mediterranean region. Sustainable Cities and Society 2019, 51, 101695 .
AMA StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Juan José Sendra, Rafael Suarez. Predictive models for airtightness in social housing in a Mediterranean region. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2019; 51 ():101695.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Juan José Sendra; Rafael Suarez. 2019. "Predictive models for airtightness in social housing in a Mediterranean region." Sustainable Cities and Society 51, no. : 101695.
A comprehensive assessment of indoor environmental conditions is performed on a representative sample of classrooms in schools across southern Spain (Mediterranean climate) to evaluate the thermal comfort level, thermal perception and preference, and the relationship with HVAC systems, with a comparison of seasons and personal clothing. Almost fifty classrooms were studied and around one thousand pool-surveys distributed among their occupants, aged 12 to 17. These measurements were performed during spring, autumn, and winter, considered the most representative periods of use for schools. A new proposed protocol has been developed for the collection and subsequent analysis of data, applying thermal comfort indicators and using the most frequent predictive models, rational (RTC) and adaptive (ATC), for comparison. Cooling is not provided in any of the rooms and natural ventilation is found in most of the spaces during midseasons. Despite the existence of a general heating service in almost all classrooms in the cold period, the use of mechanical ventilation is limited. Heating did not usually provide standard set-point temperatures. However, this did not lead to widespread complaints, as occupants perceive the thermal environment as neutral—varying greatly between users—and show a preference for slightly colder environments. Comparison of these thermal comfort votes and the thermal comfort indicators used showed a better fit of thermal preference over thermal sensation and more reliable results when using regional ATC indicators than the ASHRAE adaptive model. This highlights the significance of inhabitants’ actual thermal perception. These findings provide useful insight for a more accurate design of this type of building, as well as a suitable tool for the improvement of existing spaces, improving the conditions for both comfort and wellbeing in these spaces, as well as providing a better fit of energy use for actual comfort conditions.
Miguel Ángel Campano; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Juan José Sendra. Thermal Perception in Mild Climate: Adaptive Thermal Models for Schools. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3948 .
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Campano, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Juan José Sendra. Thermal Perception in Mild Climate: Adaptive Thermal Models for Schools. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (14):3948.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Campano; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Juan José Sendra. 2019. "Thermal Perception in Mild Climate: Adaptive Thermal Models for Schools." Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3948.
Thermal comfort and Indoor air quality (IAQ) in residential buildings with different degrees of airtightness was studied in two climates in Spain. Behaviour was compared in the areas occupied by day and by night. The IAQ of the buildings studied, erected before energy efficiency regulations were in place (1939–79) and lacking mechanical ventilation, was compared to their airtightness. The rationale for that approach was that under such circumstances air change depends on uncontrolled natural ventilation (=opening windows) and consequently on the outdoor temperature. Relative humidity was also taken into consideration, given the condensation that may be induced where ventilation is insufficient. In winter in both climates, the CO2 levels were over 1200 ppm, with means on the order of 1900 ppm in Madrid and 1400 ppm in Seville and higher at night than during the day. Infiltration-mediated air changes/hour appeared to be insufficient to maintain the house under healthy conditions and the risk of surface condensation is higher in the most airtight dwellings.
Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Carmen Alonso; Fernando Martín-Consuegra. Thermal comfort and indoor air quality in low-income housing in Spain: The influence of airtightness and occupant behaviour. Energy and Buildings 2019, 199, 102 -114.
AMA StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Carmen Alonso, Fernando Martín-Consuegra. Thermal comfort and indoor air quality in low-income housing in Spain: The influence of airtightness and occupant behaviour. Energy and Buildings. 2019; 199 ():102-114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Carmen Alonso; Fernando Martín-Consuegra. 2019. "Thermal comfort and indoor air quality in low-income housing in Spain: The influence of airtightness and occupant behaviour." Energy and Buildings 199, no. : 102-114.
Spain’s high winter weather-associated death count, the second largest in Europe, can be attributed primarily to the low construction standards of its social housing, particularly the stock built prior to the entry into effect of the earliest statutory provisions on envelope quality. Hence, improving building envelopes to both reduce energy consumption and raise occupant comfort levels is important. Air leakage is one of the factors with the greatest impact on indoor comfort and domestic energy consumption. This study explores the sensitivity of energy consumption to that parameter in a series of types of social housing built between 1950 and 1979 in five Mediterranean climate zones. Demand in a total of 53 housing units located in 21 developments was simulated to that end. The findings show that air permeability has a significant effect on wintertime demand in the sample studied. Although the impact is greater in the more severe climates where it is estimated to be over 10 kWh/m2, it may also affect energy consumption in mild climates.
Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Miguel Ángel Campano; Ignacio Acosta; Domínguez- Amarillo; Fernández- Agüera. Effect of Airtightness on Thermal Loads in Legacy Low-Income Housing. Energies 2019, 12, 1677 .
AMA StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Miguel Ángel Campano, Ignacio Acosta, Domínguez- Amarillo, Fernández- Agüera. Effect of Airtightness on Thermal Loads in Legacy Low-Income Housing. Energies. 2019; 12 (9):1677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Miguel Ángel Campano; Ignacio Acosta; Domínguez- Amarillo; Fernández- Agüera. 2019. "Effect of Airtightness on Thermal Loads in Legacy Low-Income Housing." Energies 12, no. 9: 1677.
Social housing dating from the postwar years through the end of the twentieth century is one of the major stores of European cities’ residential stock. As it is generally characterised by a poor thermal performance and an inefficient control of energy consumption, it constitutes one of the main targets for residential heritage renewal. This study aimed to locate and quantify air leaks across building envelopes in Mediterranean multifamily housing with a view to curbing the uncontrolled inflow of outdoor air that has a direct impact on occupant comfort and housing energy demand. Airtightness tests conducted in a series of protocols to quantify draught across envelope elements were supplemented with qualitative infrared thermographic and smoke tests to locate leakage pathways. Air was found to flow mainly across façade enclosures, primarily around openings, as well as through service penetrations in walls between flats and communal areas accommodating electrical and telecommunication wires and water supply, domestic hot water (DHW), and drainage pipes. The general absence of evidence of draught across structural floors or inter-flat partitions was consistent with the construction systems in place.
Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Miguel Ángel Campano. Characterising Draught in Mediterranean Multifamily Housing. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2433 .
AMA StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Miguel Ángel Campano. Characterising Draught in Mediterranean Multifamily Housing. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2433.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Miguel Ángel Campano. 2019. "Characterising Draught in Mediterranean Multifamily Housing." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2433.
M.A. Campano; M. T. Aguilar; J. Fernández-Agüera; S. Domínguez. Optimization of the Window Design in Offices for a Proper Circadian Stimulus: Case Study in Madrid. International Journal of Engineering and Technology 2019, 127 -131.
AMA StyleM.A. Campano, M. T. Aguilar, J. Fernández-Agüera, S. Domínguez. Optimization of the Window Design in Offices for a Proper Circadian Stimulus: Case Study in Madrid. International Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2019; ():127-131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.A. Campano; M. T. Aguilar; J. Fernández-Agüera; S. Domínguez. 2019. "Optimization of the Window Design in Offices for a Proper Circadian Stimulus: Case Study in Madrid." International Journal of Engineering and Technology , no. : 127-131.
Air infiltration through the building envelope has already been proven to have a significant energy impact in dwellings. Different studies have been carried out in Europe, but there is still a lack of knowledge in this field regarding mild climates. An experimental field study has been carried out in the Mediterranean climate area of Spain and the Canary Islands in order to assess the air permeability of the building envelope and its energy impact. A wide characterization and Blower Door tests have been performed in 225 cases in Alicante, Barcelona, Málaga, Sevilla and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria for this purpose. The obtained mean air permeability rate for the 225 studied cases was 6.56 m3/(h·m2). The influence of several variables on airtightness was statistically analysed, although only location, climate zone and window material were found to be significant. Air infiltration has an energy impact between 2.43 and 16.44 kWh/m2·year on the heating demand and between 0.54 and 3.06 kWh/m2·year on the cooling demand.
Jesús Feijó-Muñoz; Cristina Pardal; Víctor Echarri; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Rafael Assiego de Larriva; Manuel Montesdeoca Calderín; Irene Poza-Casado; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss. Energy impact of the air infiltration in residential buildings in the Mediterranean area of Spain and the Canary islands. Energy and Buildings 2019, 188-189, 226 -238.
AMA StyleJesús Feijó-Muñoz, Cristina Pardal, Víctor Echarri, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Rafael Assiego de Larriva, Manuel Montesdeoca Calderín, Irene Poza-Casado, Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Alberto Meiss. Energy impact of the air infiltration in residential buildings in the Mediterranean area of Spain and the Canary islands. Energy and Buildings. 2019; 188-189 ():226-238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Feijó-Muñoz; Cristina Pardal; Víctor Echarri; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Rafael Assiego de Larriva; Manuel Montesdeoca Calderín; Irene Poza-Casado; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss. 2019. "Energy impact of the air infiltration in residential buildings in the Mediterranean area of Spain and the Canary islands." Energy and Buildings 188-189, no. : 226-238.
Although energy analysis techniques can contribute to substantial energy savings in housing stock retrofitting operations, the outcomes often deviate significantly from the predicted results, which tend to overestimate potential savings by overestimating the starting energy baselines, particularly in southern Europe. This deviation can be largely attributed to occupant practice relating to the use of air conditioning facilities and the temperatures at which occupants feel comfortable. The patterns observed differed widely from standard values. In this study environmental variables, primarily indoor air temperature both with and without HVAC, were monitored in occupied dwellings for a full year. The data gathered were supplemented with surveys on occupants’ temperature-related behaviour to define comfort patterns. The findings show that the standards in place are not consistent with actual comfort-accepted patterns in medium- to low-income housing in southern Spain, where energy consumption was observed to be lower than expected, mostly because occupants endure unsuitable, even unhealthy, conditions over long periods of time. A new user profile, better adjusted to practice in southern Europe, particularly in social housing, is proposed to reflect the current situation.
Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Juan José Sendra; Susan Roaf. Rethinking User Behaviour Comfort Patterns in the South of Spain—What Users Really Do. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4448 .
AMA StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Juan José Sendra, Susan Roaf. Rethinking User Behaviour Comfort Patterns in the South of Spain—What Users Really Do. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4448.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Juan José Sendra; Susan Roaf. 2018. "Rethinking User Behaviour Comfort Patterns in the South of Spain—What Users Really Do." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4448.
An extensive airtightness measurement has been carried out on 159 social housing units built in southern Spain. The sample includes homes from multifamily buildings built since the origin of social housing models in 1950, through to the most recent examples developed under EPBD compliance requirements. Testing was developed between 2012-2017 using the standardised Blower Door pressurisation technique. The main purpose of this research is to present a wide-ranging, exhaustive study on the airtightness performance of social housing built in southern Spain; these properties are representative of other locations in southern Europe due to both to their climate conditions and their socio-economic and cultural component. The general performance of the housing stock in terms of normalised permeability at 50 Pa shows a mean value of 7 h−1, similar to that found in other areas in Southern Europe, although with very significant variability between properties which are airtight and those which are highly permeable, all within a housing stock which is similar in terms of type and construction. Based on this information, it has been possible to develop a representative probabilistic description of the housing stock. The study provides useful information on the influence climatic location of buildings as well as age and other and other morphological and constructive parameters of residential buildings.
Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Juan José Sendra; Rafael Suárez; Ignacio Oteiza. Social housing airtightness in Southern Europe. Energy and Buildings 2018, 183, 377 -391.
AMA StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Juan José Sendra, Rafael Suárez, Ignacio Oteiza. Social housing airtightness in Southern Europe. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 183 ():377-391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Juan José Sendra; Rafael Suárez; Ignacio Oteiza. 2018. "Social housing airtightness in Southern Europe." Energy and Buildings 183, no. : 377-391.
Today’s buildings are evolving from structures comprising unchanging, static elements scantly able to interact with their surroundings, towards complex systemic compounds with an impact on the environs that entails more than mere anthropic alteration. In pursuit of energy efficiency and true sustainability, buildings must acquire the ability to interact as well as to generate synergies. The most prominent features of this approach are energy management and information flows which, intelligently designed, not only enhance buildings’ capabilities, but also introduce a significant change in their relationship with the surrounds (‘smart cities’) and its inhabitants. This new paradigm calls for revisiting undergraduate architectural instruction, adopting a more complex overview of energy use and management in the design process, regarding buildings as dynamic rather than static entities. The methodology focuses on creating learning environments that favour students’ participation in problem solving and assessment, encouraging teamwork based on case studies and stressing the connection between this new architecture, ICTs included, and social networks as participatory design tools. These ideas were implemented in a pilot learning experience conducted at the University of Seville for undergraduate students. The use of ICTs and the collaboration of non-academic experts were observed to further student promotion and projection beyond the academic environment and introduce them to the professional community.
Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Patricia Fernandez-Aguera. TEACHING INNOVATION AND THE USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN ARCHITECTURE: LEARNING BUILDING SERVICES DESIGN FOR SMART AND ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 2018, 12, 367 -375.
AMA StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Patricia Fernandez-Aguera. TEACHING INNOVATION AND THE USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN ARCHITECTURE: LEARNING BUILDING SERVICES DESIGN FOR SMART AND ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research. 2018; 12 (1):367-375.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Patricia Fernandez-Aguera. 2018. "TEACHING INNOVATION AND THE USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN ARCHITECTURE: LEARNING BUILDING SERVICES DESIGN FOR SMART AND ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 12, no. 1: 367-375.
Jesús Feijó-Muñoz; Irene Poza-Casado; Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano; Cristina Pardal; Víctor Echarri; Rafael Assiego De Larriva; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; María Jesús Dios-Viéitez; Víctor José Del Campo-Díaz; Manuel Montesdeoca Calderín; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss. Methodology for the Study of the Envelope Airtightness of Residential Buildings in Spain: A Case Study. Energies 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleJesús Feijó-Muñoz, Irene Poza-Casado, Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano, Cristina Pardal, Víctor Echarri, Rafael Assiego De Larriva, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, María Jesús Dios-Viéitez, Víctor José Del Campo-Díaz, Manuel Montesdeoca Calderín, Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Alberto Meiss. Methodology for the Study of the Envelope Airtightness of Residential Buildings in Spain: A Case Study. Energies. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Feijó-Muñoz; Irene Poza-Casado; Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano; Cristina Pardal; Víctor Echarri; Rafael Assiego De Larriva; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; María Jesús Dios-Viéitez; Víctor José Del Campo-Díaz; Manuel Montesdeoca Calderín; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss. 2018. "Methodology for the Study of the Envelope Airtightness of Residential Buildings in Spain: A Case Study." Energies , no. : 1.
Este trabajo pretende realizar aportaciones de interés para reducir la brecha existente entre el comportamiento energético real y previsto en edificios. Tiene como principal objetivo establecer modelos predictivos que relacionen el consumo eléctrico de climatización para mantener unas determinadas condiciones operacionales en el ambiente interior, según sea el clima exterior, en función de la solución de fachada. Esos modelos predictivos se obtienen para módulos de ensayo en la que toda su envolvente es adiabática, a excepción de la fachada que se quiere ensayar. Tres soluciones de fachada han sido consideradas: una base que se corresponde con una solución de doble hoja de ladrillo con cámara de aire intermedia, la solución más común en viviendas plurifamiliares en España que fueron construidos entre 1940 y 1980, previamente a la primera normativa que, con carácter global, limitaba la demanda energética en los edificios; y dos soluciones de rehabilitación de la fachada anterior muy frecuentemente utilizadas: Fachada Ventilada y ETICS. Usando los datos de monitorización de los consumos eléctricos de equipos de climatización en esos tres módulos, se generan esos modelos predictivos, tanto para el periodo de verano como el de invierno, que son rectas de regresión lineal cuyas ecuaciones se enuncian, así como sus principales parámetros estadísticos.
J. Guerrero-Rubio; J. J. Sendra; J. Fernández-Agüera; I. Oteiza. Modelos predictivos del consumo energético de climatización asociado a soluciones de fachadas en Madrid a partir de la monitorización en módulos de ensayo. Informes de la Construcción 2017, 69, 225 .
AMA StyleJ. Guerrero-Rubio, J. J. Sendra, J. Fernández-Agüera, I. Oteiza. Modelos predictivos del consumo energético de climatización asociado a soluciones de fachadas en Madrid a partir de la monitorización en módulos de ensayo. Informes de la Construcción. 2017; 69 (548):225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Guerrero-Rubio; J. J. Sendra; J. Fernández-Agüera; I. Oteiza. 2017. "Modelos predictivos del consumo energético de climatización asociado a soluciones de fachadas en Madrid a partir de la monitorización en módulos de ensayo." Informes de la Construcción 69, no. 548: 225.
Building hygrothermal performance, indoor air quality and energy consumption depend heavily on envelope airtightness. Over the last three decades, single-family dwellings have been amply studied in this respect by researchers in North Europe, the United States and Canada. However, very few studies have been conducted on airtightness in multi-family housing in warm climates such as Mediterranean Europe. This paper aims to enhance the understanding of building airtightness in early twenty-first-century multi-family buildings in southern Spain. Blower Door tests were conducted in 45 units in seven such buildings. The main airtightness parameter values found are reported and compared to the data for other buildings in southern Europe. The paper includes a statistical analysis of the findings, characterises building types and describes the protocol used to identify and quantify air leakage pathways. The conclusion drawn is that although a rough predictive model can be developed, the results are widely scattered due to the impact of the random component of manual construction, even in buildings with identical construction characteristics and types. The values recorded are nonetheless consistent with the findings for other European surveys.
Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Juan J. Sendra; Rafael Suarez. An approach to modelling envelope airtightness in multi-family social housing in Mediterranean Europe based on the situation in Spain. Energy and Buildings 2016, 128, 236 -253.
AMA StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Juan J. Sendra, Rafael Suarez. An approach to modelling envelope airtightness in multi-family social housing in Mediterranean Europe based on the situation in Spain. Energy and Buildings. 2016; 128 ():236-253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Juan J. Sendra; Rafael Suarez. 2016. "An approach to modelling envelope airtightness in multi-family social housing in Mediterranean Europe based on the situation in Spain." Energy and Buildings 128, no. : 236-253.