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This paper describes the implementation of a series of ventilation strategies in a nursery and primary school from September 2020, when the government decided to resume the students’ face-to-face activity in the middle of a COVID scenario. Air quality and hygrothermal comfort conditions were analysed before the pandemic and compared for different ventilation configurations in a post-COVID scenario. Ventilation strategies included the protocols issued by the Public Administration, while others were developed based on the typological configuration and use of the school. Results revealed that it is advisable to implement certain strategies that reduce the risk of infection among the occupants of the spaces, without a significant decrease in hygrothermal comfort. Given the importance of maintaining better IAQ in the future within classrooms, and regarding the pre-COVID situation, these strategies may be extended beyond this pandemic period, through a simple protocol and necessary didactic package to be assumed by both teachers and students of the centre.
Alberto Meiss; Héctor Jimeno-Merino; Irene Poza-Casado; Alfredo Llorente-Álvarez; Miguel Padilla-Marcos. Indoor Air Quality in Naturally Ventilated Classrooms. Lessons Learned from a Case Study in a COVID-19 Scenario. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8446 .
AMA StyleAlberto Meiss, Héctor Jimeno-Merino, Irene Poza-Casado, Alfredo Llorente-Álvarez, Miguel Padilla-Marcos. Indoor Air Quality in Naturally Ventilated Classrooms. Lessons Learned from a Case Study in a COVID-19 Scenario. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8446.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Meiss; Héctor Jimeno-Merino; Irene Poza-Casado; Alfredo Llorente-Álvarez; Miguel Padilla-Marcos. 2021. "Indoor Air Quality in Naturally Ventilated Classrooms. Lessons Learned from a Case Study in a COVID-19 Scenario." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8446.
Indoor air quality (IAQ) in educational buildings is a key element of the students’ well-being and academic performance. Window-opening behavior and air infiltration, generally used as the sole ventilation sources in existing educational buildings, often lead to unhealthy levels of indoor pollutants and energy waste. This paper evaluates the conditions of natural ventilation in classrooms in order to study how climate conditions affect energy waste. For that purpose, the impact of the air infiltration both on the IAQ and on the efficiency of the ventilation was evaluated in two university classrooms with natural ventilation in the Continental area of Spain. The research methodology was based on site sensors to analyze IAQ parameters such as CO2, Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), Particulate Matter (PM), and other climate parameters for a week during the cold season. Airtightness was then assessed within the classrooms and the close built environment by means of pressurization tests, and infiltration rates were estimated. The obtained results were used to set up a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to evaluate the age of the local air and the ventilation efficiency value. The results revealed that ventilation cannot rely only on air infiltration, and, therefore, specific controlled ventilation strategies should be implemented to improve IAQ and to avoid excessive energy loss.
Irene Poza-Casado; Raquel Gil-Valverde; Alberto Meiss; Miguel Padilla-Marcos. Impact of Air Infiltration on IAQ and Ventilation Efficiency in Higher Educational Classrooms in Spain. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6875 .
AMA StyleIrene Poza-Casado, Raquel Gil-Valverde, Alberto Meiss, Miguel Padilla-Marcos. Impact of Air Infiltration on IAQ and Ventilation Efficiency in Higher Educational Classrooms in Spain. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6875.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Poza-Casado; Raquel Gil-Valverde; Alberto Meiss; Miguel Padilla-Marcos. 2021. "Impact of Air Infiltration on IAQ and Ventilation Efficiency in Higher Educational Classrooms in Spain." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6875.
The energy consumption in buildings is still very high despite its reduction in recent years. Buildings’ conditioning is the main cause of this energy consumption and, in this sense, air infiltration has a great impact. The control of air infiltration is essential to achieve thermal comfort and energy efficiency. The evaluation of the global airtightness of the building envelope based on pressurization tests has been broadly used to determine the airtightness of buildings, but it cannot define the shape of air leakages. The use of thermography in combination with pressurization tools could be very useful. This paper presents the laboratory experimental measurements to obtain a three-dimensional definition of the air temperature when passing through a controlled envelope gap. The method is based on the bidimensional temperature matrix, captured by infrared (IR) thermography, that the air leakeage produces close to the gap, and depending on the configuration of the air inlet and airflow. The temperature measurement was done using a non-continuous rendering surface in order to avoid the Coanda effect that opaque surfaces cause, achieving in this way a 42% increase in the measuring accuracy.
Raquel Gil-Valverde; Diego Tamayo-Alonso; Andrés Royuela-Del-Val; Irene Poza-Casado; Alberto Meiss; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos. Three-dimensional characterization of air infiltration using infrared thermography. Energy and Buildings 2020, 233, 110656 .
AMA StyleRaquel Gil-Valverde, Diego Tamayo-Alonso, Andrés Royuela-Del-Val, Irene Poza-Casado, Alberto Meiss, Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos. Three-dimensional characterization of air infiltration using infrared thermography. Energy and Buildings. 2020; 233 ():110656.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaquel Gil-Valverde; Diego Tamayo-Alonso; Andrés Royuela-Del-Val; Irene Poza-Casado; Alberto Meiss; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos. 2020. "Three-dimensional characterization of air infiltration using infrared thermography." Energy and Buildings 233, no. : 110656.
Indoor air quality in buildings must be guaranteed for the health and comfort of the occupants. In order to assess the ventilation strategy of a considered room, the parameter of the air change efficiency ( ε a ) can be used. The objective of this work is to provide designers with a graphical tool for a reliable estimate of the value of ε a of a room. The temperature gradient between the outdoor air supply and the indoor air is so low that the ventilation flow can be assumed as isothermal when high-efficiency heat recovery systems are used. By means of charts, the optimal location of the openings for a better ε a can be determined during the design process, in order to subsequently apply them. It is concluded that it is very important to consider the ε a in the case of openings located in facing walls given that its range varies between 40% and 65%. In contrast, its use can be obviated in the case of openings located in non-facing walls, as the value of ε a obtained is close to 50%; this means a perfect mixing air flow pattern, which is the reference value for the estimation of the indoor air quality (IAQ) in the different national regulations.
Alberto Meiss; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Irene Poza-Casado; Antonio Álvaro-Tordesillas. A Graphical Tool to Estimate the Air Change Efficiency in Rooms with Heat Recovery Systems. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1031 .
AMA StyleAlberto Meiss, Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Irene Poza-Casado, Antonio Álvaro-Tordesillas. A Graphical Tool to Estimate the Air Change Efficiency in Rooms with Heat Recovery Systems. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1031.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Meiss; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Irene Poza-Casado; Antonio Álvaro-Tordesillas. 2020. "A Graphical Tool to Estimate the Air Change Efficiency in Rooms with Heat Recovery Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1031.
Air change efficiency evaluates the ability of a system to achieve the change of the air contained in a confined interior space. It is conditioned by the geometry of the room, the different openings and the properties of the air among others. Rectangular rooms do not offer impediments when mixing the interior air; however, in rooms with non-regular shapes, stagnation phenomenon can occur in the corners. This paper proposes the study of the air change efficiency in an L-shaped room in which the position of the inlet and outlet openings is sequentially variated. This study is based on the execution of successive numerical simulations, validated by experimental studies. The results show that there are differences on the ventilation efficiency of up to 13.49% between the most dissimilar cases, which occur when one of the openings is located in a corner. If the other opening is placed nearby, the results are very poor; whereas if it is placed at the opposite corner, the efficiency value improves due to the circulation of the air through the room. When these openings are placed near the centre of the room, the efficiencies that are obtained are more similar and this analysis is less relevant.
Mario Rabanillo-Herrero; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz; Raquel Gil-Valverde; Alberto Meiss. Ventilation efficiency assessment according to the variation of opening position in L-shaped rooms. Building Simulation 2019, 13, 213 -221.
AMA StyleMario Rabanillo-Herrero, Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Jesús Feijó-Muñoz, Raquel Gil-Valverde, Alberto Meiss. Ventilation efficiency assessment according to the variation of opening position in L-shaped rooms. Building Simulation. 2019; 13 (1):213-221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMario Rabanillo-Herrero; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz; Raquel Gil-Valverde; Alberto Meiss. 2019. "Ventilation efficiency assessment according to the variation of opening position in L-shaped rooms." Building Simulation 13, no. 1: 213-221.
This paper presents a feasibility study on the use of multilayer neural networks to determine airflow infiltration from thermographs, thus the related energy leak. The developed method, aimed at accurate evaluation of intake airflow through an opening in the building's envelope, uses as input data infrared images of the temperature changes in a rendering surface near an opening in the building's envelope. Data collection of these measurements can be achieved with relative simplicity, and therefore could lead to an alternative or complementary method to the standardised ways of measuring infiltration based on Blower Door test, increasing the possibilities of monitoring, supervision and continuous management of building's ventilation and airtightness. Laboratory results show over 93% average accuracy for instant samples, and over 98% global accuracy for sequences. The generalization capability of this method has also been explored, and several neural network topologies analysed.
Andrés Royuela-Del-Val; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Pablo Casaseca-De-La-Higuera; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Air infiltration monitoring using thermography and neural networks. Energy and Buildings 2019, 191, 187 -199.
AMA StyleAndrés Royuela-Del-Val, Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Alberto Meiss, Pablo Casaseca-De-La-Higuera, Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Air infiltration monitoring using thermography and neural networks. Energy and Buildings. 2019; 191 ():187-199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrés Royuela-Del-Val; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Pablo Casaseca-De-La-Higuera; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. 2019. "Air infiltration monitoring using thermography and neural networks." Energy and Buildings 191, no. : 187-199.
Air infiltration through the building envelope has already been proven to have a significant energy impact in dwellings. Different studies have been carried out in Europe, but there is still a lack of knowledge in this field regarding mild climates. An experimental field study has been carried out in the Mediterranean climate area of Spain and the Canary Islands in order to assess the air permeability of the building envelope and its energy impact. A wide characterization and Blower Door tests have been performed in 225 cases in Alicante, Barcelona, Málaga, Sevilla and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria for this purpose. The obtained mean air permeability rate for the 225 studied cases was 6.56 m3/(h·m2). The influence of several variables on airtightness was statistically analysed, although only location, climate zone and window material were found to be significant. Air infiltration has an energy impact between 2.43 and 16.44 kWh/m2·year on the heating demand and between 0.54 and 3.06 kWh/m2·year on the cooling demand.
Jesús Feijó-Muñoz; Cristina Pardal; Víctor Echarri; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Rafael Assiego de Larriva; Manuel Montesdeoca Calderín; Irene Poza-Casado; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss. Energy impact of the air infiltration in residential buildings in the Mediterranean area of Spain and the Canary islands. Energy and Buildings 2019, 188-189, 226 -238.
AMA StyleJesús Feijó-Muñoz, Cristina Pardal, Víctor Echarri, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Rafael Assiego de Larriva, Manuel Montesdeoca Calderín, Irene Poza-Casado, Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Alberto Meiss. Energy impact of the air infiltration in residential buildings in the Mediterranean area of Spain and the Canary islands. Energy and Buildings. 2019; 188-189 ():226-238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Feijó-Muñoz; Cristina Pardal; Víctor Echarri; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Rafael Assiego de Larriva; Manuel Montesdeoca Calderín; Irene Poza-Casado; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss. 2019. "Energy impact of the air infiltration in residential buildings in the Mediterranean area of Spain and the Canary islands." Energy and Buildings 188-189, no. : 226-238.
Infiltration plays a relevant role regarding the energy performance of buildings. Many European countries have already established standards which aim to limit the energy waste through the envelope following the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive guidelines. However, in Mediterranean countries there is still a lack of knowledge in this field. An extensive study has been carried out in order to characterize the air leakage through the envelope of the existing housing stock in the Continental climate area of Spain. Results of 129 dwellings tested, including different typologies and periods of construction, are shown. Blower door tests were performed, and thermal imaging was used to locate leakage paths. Single-family dwellings were found to be more airtight than apartments, given that the mean air permeability rate at 50 Pa (q50) was 5.4 m3/h·m2 and 6.8 m3/h·m2 respectively. The mean air change rate at 50 Pa (n50) was 6.1 h−1 for single-family dwellings and 7.1 h−1 for multi-family housing. Nevertheless, great dispersion of results and extreme values were found. In addition, the influence of several construction characteristics on permeability results was assessed.
Jesús Feijó-Muñoz; Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano; Irene Poza-Casado; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss. Airtightness of residential buildings in the Continental area of Spain. Building and Environment 2018, 148, 299 -308.
AMA StyleJesús Feijó-Muñoz, Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano, Irene Poza-Casado, Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Alberto Meiss. Airtightness of residential buildings in the Continental area of Spain. Building and Environment. 2018; 148 ():299-308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Feijó-Muñoz; Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano; Irene Poza-Casado; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss. 2018. "Airtightness of residential buildings in the Continental area of Spain." Building and Environment 148, no. : 299-308.
There is a lack of studies concerning both the quality of air entering buildings from light shafts and its impact on energy consumption. A combined isothermal analysis of several factors such as urban environment and wind, along with the dimensional conditions of the building, facilitated the assessment of the light shaft to promote air change. The aim of this study was on the impact of architectural design on the quality of the incoming air from light shafts. The capacity of light shafts to provide air change with urban air was evaluated using the concept of air change efficiency. This is determined by the environment, the dimensions, and the proportions of the building containing a light shaft. These were simulated using computation fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques which were experimentally validated. This concept requires the definition of an ideal control domain for comparative evaluation in different cases. For the case studies evaluated, it was verified through numerical analysis that the longer the light shaft in the wind direction was, the better the air change efficiency. It was confirmed that light shafts up to 12 m high and with height/length (H/L) rates lower than 3 were those achieving the best efficiency. The study provided several evaluation tools of a design of this type of outdoor space according to the criteria of air change content. An equation is presented defining the value of the air change efficiency for the outline of architectural design strategies intended for buildings with air shafts.
Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. A new application model of building ventilation with light shafts: a proposal based on case study assessment. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A 2018, 19, 796 -810.
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Alberto Meiss, Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. A new application model of building ventilation with light shafts: a proposal based on case study assessment. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A. 2018; 19 (10):796-810.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. 2018. "A new application model of building ventilation with light shafts: a proposal based on case study assessment." Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A 19, no. 10: 796-810.
An experimentally validated numerical method for evaluating the suitability of an urban design with regard to its capacity to provide the optimum air quality for its occupants through the confined outdoor spaces is proposed. Eight possible confined outdoor spaces are defined according to their position with regard to the built elements, laterally delimited by the envelope surfaces of the neighbouring buildings. This work focuses on the definition of a procedure capable of analysing outdoor air change quality according to the age-of-the-air concept. The obtained results show that the confined outdoor spaces that are exposed to the wind action are more predisposed to reduce the mean age-of-the-air that they contain. For the analysed cases, a considerable improvement of up to 78.68% in the air change quality can be obtained by taking into account wind exposure criteria in relation to its shape and urban density, which is classified for this purpose.
Miguel Padilla-Marcos; Meiss Alberto. Assessment for the Age-Of-The-Air and Ventilation Efficiency in Confined Outdoor Spaces through Computational Fluid Dynamics Techniques. Energies 2018, 11, 1932 .
AMA StyleMiguel Padilla-Marcos, Meiss Alberto. Assessment for the Age-Of-The-Air and Ventilation Efficiency in Confined Outdoor Spaces through Computational Fluid Dynamics Techniques. Energies. 2018; 11 (8):1932.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Padilla-Marcos; Meiss Alberto. 2018. "Assessment for the Age-Of-The-Air and Ventilation Efficiency in Confined Outdoor Spaces through Computational Fluid Dynamics Techniques." Energies 11, no. 8: 1932.
In developed countries, presence at home varies between 60% and 90% of the day, sleeping supposes 30%. Therefore, it is essential to ensure good indoor air quality that enhances health and benefits rest and recovery. In this context, it is necessary to achieve a balance between energy efficiency and air distribution parameters; thus, the influence exerted by the furniture of a bedroom on the air exchange efficiency, in the breathing zone during sleep, is assessed in this study. Computational fluid dynamics techniques, experimentally validated by the tracer gas (SF6) concentration decay method, are used to analyze 52 case studies corresponding to the same space, but varying both the number and the arrangement of the furniture inside. It is concluded that, in order to achieve a significant improvement in the air exchange efficiency, the number of elements included in the bedroom is not relevant, but the position of them. The highest increase in the ventilation efficiency in breathing zone is observed when the furniture is located avoiding the airflow obstruction in the area near the inlet and creating an unfilled volume of air in the area close to the outlet.
Susana Hormigos-Jimenez; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Assessment of the ventilation efficiency in the breathing zone during sleep through computational fluid dynamics techniques. Journal of Building Physics 2018, 42, 458 -483.
AMA StyleSusana Hormigos-Jimenez, Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Alberto Meiss, Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano, Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Assessment of the ventilation efficiency in the breathing zone during sleep through computational fluid dynamics techniques. Journal of Building Physics. 2018; 42 (4):458-483.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana Hormigos-Jimenez; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. 2018. "Assessment of the ventilation efficiency in the breathing zone during sleep through computational fluid dynamics techniques." Journal of Building Physics 42, no. 4: 458-483.
Susana Hormigos-Jimenez; Miguel Angel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Experimental validation of the age-of-the-air CFD analysis: A case study. Science and Technology for the Built Environment 2018, 24, 994 -1003.
AMA StyleSusana Hormigos-Jimenez, Miguel Angel Padilla-Marcos, Alberto Meiss, Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano, Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Experimental validation of the age-of-the-air CFD analysis: A case study. Science and Technology for the Built Environment. 2018; 24 (9):994-1003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana Hormigos-Jimenez; Miguel Angel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. 2018. "Experimental validation of the age-of-the-air CFD analysis: A case study." Science and Technology for the Built Environment 24, no. 9: 994-1003.
Jesús Feijó-Muñoz; Irene Poza-Casado; Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano; Cristina Pardal; Víctor Echarri; Rafael Assiego De Larriva; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; María Jesús Dios-Viéitez; Víctor José Del Campo-Díaz; Manuel Montesdeoca Calderín; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss. Methodology for the Study of the Envelope Airtightness of Residential Buildings in Spain: A Case Study. Energies 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleJesús Feijó-Muñoz, Irene Poza-Casado, Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano, Cristina Pardal, Víctor Echarri, Rafael Assiego De Larriva, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, María Jesús Dios-Viéitez, Víctor José Del Campo-Díaz, Manuel Montesdeoca Calderín, Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Alberto Meiss. Methodology for the Study of the Envelope Airtightness of Residential Buildings in Spain: A Case Study. Energies. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Feijó-Muñoz; Irene Poza-Casado; Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano; Cristina Pardal; Víctor Echarri; Rafael Assiego De Larriva; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; María Jesús Dios-Viéitez; Víctor José Del Campo-Díaz; Manuel Montesdeoca Calderín; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss. 2018. "Methodology for the Study of the Envelope Airtightness of Residential Buildings in Spain: A Case Study." Energies , no. : 1.
People spend most of their time indoors; therefore, maintaining a good indoor air quality and meeting the requirements of comfort and energy efficiency are essential. One of the most widespread strategies to achieve this objective is improving ventilation efficiency; therefore, the main aim of this study was to show an optimization of the ventilation efficiency, in a specific room, considering 47 variations (case studies) in the furniture arrangement. For this purpose, a numerical analysis using computational fluid dynamics techniques, validated by the tracer gas decay technique, was used to assess the distribution of the age of air within the space. The concept of “age of air” was implemented in the computational fluid dynamics code through user-defined functions, using the steady-state method based on the resolution of a transport equation for an additional scalar. Variations up to 5.75% in the ventilation efficiency between the cases studied have been achieved. It is concluded that an improvement up to 1.65% can be obtained when the elements of the study are introduced in a way that facilitates the air movement towards the exhaust; therefore, improvement of the ventilation efficiency through specific furniture distributions is possible, although not significant, according to the outcomes.
Susana Hormigos-Jimenez; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Computational fluid dynamics evaluation of the furniture arrangement for ventilation efficiency. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 2018, 39, 557 -571.
AMA StyleSusana Hormigos-Jimenez, Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Alberto Meiss, Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano, Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Computational fluid dynamics evaluation of the furniture arrangement for ventilation efficiency. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology. 2018; 39 (5):557-571.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana Hormigos-Jimenez; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. 2018. "Computational fluid dynamics evaluation of the furniture arrangement for ventilation efficiency." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 5: 557-571.
The effect of temperature of the heating system elements is a parameter that could affect the airflow in terms of buoyancy and thermal comfort and that should be studied to ensure the quality of ventilation. This study aimed to assess the air change efficiency and thermal comfort with three thermal conditioning systems (radiators, underfloor heating and radiant ceiling) in winter conditions, varying its position in the interior space. This can be used by architects and engineers when planning the position of the heating systems or refurbishing a room. The experimental analysis was developed in the test chamber of the Laboratory of Ventilation of the University of Valladolid, serving as validation of multiple CFD simulations. The results show that, being the thermal comfort achieved, the mean air change efficiency varied only 2.40% among all cases, which makes this factor not significant. Even so, the trajectory of the airflow in the premise would be affected by the thermal action, due to the convective effect, presenting great differences according to the location of the thermal systems. Thus, the air trajectory could falter when it enters the room or rise towards the ceiling creating areas with lower temperature in its centre.
Mario Rabanillo-Herrero; Miguel Ángel Padilla Marcos; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz; Alberto Meiss. Effects of the radiant heating system location on both the airflow and ventilation efficiency in a room. Indoor and Built Environment 2018, 28, 372 -383.
AMA StyleMario Rabanillo-Herrero, Miguel Ángel Padilla Marcos, Jesús Feijó-Muñoz, Alberto Meiss. Effects of the radiant heating system location on both the airflow and ventilation efficiency in a room. Indoor and Built Environment. 2018; 28 (3):372-383.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMario Rabanillo-Herrero; Miguel Ángel Padilla Marcos; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz; Alberto Meiss. 2018. "Effects of the radiant heating system location on both the airflow and ventilation efficiency in a room." Indoor and Built Environment 28, no. 3: 372-383.
Susana Hormigos-Jimenez; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Ventilation rate determination method for residential buildings according to TVOC emissions from building materials. Building and Environment 2017, 123, 555 -563.
AMA StyleSusana Hormigos-Jimenez, Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Alberto Meiss, Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano, Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Ventilation rate determination method for residential buildings according to TVOC emissions from building materials. Building and Environment. 2017; 123 ():555-563.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana Hormigos-Jimenez; Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. 2017. "Ventilation rate determination method for residential buildings according to TVOC emissions from building materials." Building and Environment 123, no. : 555-563.
This work analyses how the built environment affects the quality of the air to be introduced into buildings from light shafts. Several factors such as urban environment and building design intervene in the ability of the light shaft to produce its air change process. Urban areas continuously pollute the air in cities which affects the human health and the environment sustainability. Poor air quality outside buildings supposes a big energy waste to promote an acceptable air quality inside buildings. That requires a large flow rate to maintain the indoor air quality which is translated to an energy efficiency term. The main objective focuses on the impact of standardized architecture design in the quality of the indoor air dependent on the air change in the light shaft. The air change capacity of the outdoor space is numbered analysed using the concept of air change efficiency (ACE). ACE is determined by the built environment, the wind conditions and the design of the building containing light shafts. This concept is comparatively evaluated inside a control domain virtually defined to obtain the mean age of the air for a known air volume. The longer the light shaft in the wind direction is, the better the ACE is compared with other options. Light shafts up to 12 metres high are the most suitable in order to obtain acceptable efficiency results. Other studied cases verify that assumption. Different simplified tools for the technicians to evaluate the design of buildings containing light shafts are proposed. Some strategies of architectural design of buildings with light shafts to be used for ventilation are presented.
Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Natural Ventilation of Buildings through Light Shafts. Design-Based Solution Proposals. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 245, 52036 .
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Alberto Meiss, Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Natural Ventilation of Buildings through Light Shafts. Design-Based Solution Proposals. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 245 (5):52036.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. 2017. "Natural Ventilation of Buildings through Light Shafts. Design-Based Solution Proposals." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 245, no. 5: 52036.
Built urban environments modify the air quality of the natural ventilation processes in buildings. The experimental assessment of outdoor air change (OACH) processes is complex due to the air volumes involved. The quality of the OACH can be analysed through the ventilation efficiency concept, which has been extensively studied in order to characterize the ventilation of indoor spaces. Ventilation efficiency through the age-of-the-air concept assesses the air-change capacity of a certain space. A procedure formulation for obtaining an adequate control domain (CD) to evaluate outdoor air change efficiency (OACE) is proposed. A methodology in two phases is presented: first, an evaluation stage, in which the outdoor air behaviour patterns are studied; then, a second phase where an ideal control domain (ICD) is obtained in order to comparatively assess several cases in similar urban environments. The outcomes determine a proposed ICD for evaluating the design of efficiently ventilated buildings in open urban built environments. The methodology of validation proposed simplifies the assessment of the building shape and its impact on the quality of the OACH by the OACE. The suggested ICD has dimensions of L = 5H; D = 3H; and T = 2H. ICD enables the representation of the air behaviour and fulfils the imposed requirements to evaluate efficiency with a mean accuracy lower than 0.6%.
Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Proposal for a Simplified CFD Procedure for Obtaining Patterns of the Age of Air in Outdoor Spaces for the Natural Ventilation of Buildings. Energies 2017, 10, 1252 .
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Alberto Meiss, Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Proposal for a Simplified CFD Procedure for Obtaining Patterns of the Age of Air in Outdoor Spaces for the Natural Ventilation of Buildings. Energies. 2017; 10 (9):1252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Alberto Meiss; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. 2017. "Proposal for a Simplified CFD Procedure for Obtaining Patterns of the Age of Air in Outdoor Spaces for the Natural Ventilation of Buildings." Energies 10, no. 9: 1252.
The primary objective of this paper is to present the use of a steady model that is able to qualify and quantify available natural ventilation flows applied to the energy retrofitting of urban residential districts. In terms of air quality, natural ventilation presents more efficient solutions compared to active systems. This method combines numeric simulations, through the utilization of Ansys Fluent R15.0® and Engineering Equation Solver EES®, with on-site pressurization tests. Testing consists of the application of the seasonal pressure gradient on the building’s envelope and the calculation of the ventilation flows in three climatic representative conditions (summer, winter, and annual average). Through the implementation of this methodology to existing buildings it is possible to evaluate the influence of the built environment, as well as key parameters (relative height of the dwelling, number of vertical ventilation ducts, and airtightness of windows) of available natural ventilation.
Alberto Meiss; Miguel A. Padilla-Marcos; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Methodology Applied to the Evaluation of Natural Ventilation in Residential Building Retrofits: A Case Study. Energies 2017, 10, 456 .
AMA StyleAlberto Meiss, Miguel A. Padilla-Marcos, Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. Methodology Applied to the Evaluation of Natural Ventilation in Residential Building Retrofits: A Case Study. Energies. 2017; 10 (4):456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Meiss; Miguel A. Padilla-Marcos; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz. 2017. "Methodology Applied to the Evaluation of Natural Ventilation in Residential Building Retrofits: A Case Study." Energies 10, no. 4: 456.
The evaluation of the air quality in light shafts requires a specific study of its air renewal ability due to building shape, dimensions and other external conditions. This research has studied the capacity of light shafts to provide natural ventilation through the air change efficiency concept. A methodology based on the limitation of the computational urban domain is used to adapt the indoor air change efficiency index for outdoor environments. Numerical simulations were performed using CFD and a model that was experimentally validated. The aim is to evaluate the effect of the centreline building width and light shaft dimensions in the air change quality within several wind climates. Results would provide a numerically proven tool for designers, summarised in some design-based strategies in order to select which one improves the air change quality. The results indicate that the light shaft dimension perpendicular to the wind direction has a negligible effect on efficiency. For the range of wind velocities studied (0.75–9.00 m/s), the efficiency decreases at higher velocities, up to −7.41% with respect to the mean. For variations in the wind velocity and the centreline building width, a mean variation of ± 18.77% in the efficiency is obtained. Practical applications: The present methodology defines a proceeding to numerically evaluate the air change efficiency in light shafts inside different dimensional cases of buildings within several urban wind conditions.
Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz; Alberto Meiss. The effects of wind velocity and building geometry on air change efficiency in light shafts: Case studies. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 2016, 38, 5 -20.
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Jesús Feijó-Muñoz, Alberto Meiss. The effects of wind velocity and building geometry on air change efficiency in light shafts: Case studies. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology. 2016; 38 (1):5-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos; Jesús Feijó-Muñoz; Alberto Meiss. 2016. "The effects of wind velocity and building geometry on air change efficiency in light shafts: Case studies." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, no. 1: 5-20.