Heavy reduction (HR) is an effective technique to control V segregation in continuous casting bloom, but the effect of segregation improvement is limited by the parameters such as reduction position and reduction amounts. In order to improve the macrosegregation of bloom, numerical simulation and plant experiments are adopted in this research. A heat transfer model and a reduction model with comprehensive thermo-physical parameters were established. The two models were verified by comparing the measured surface temperature and the theoretical strain at the solidification front. It is determined that the position of the HR of the bearing steel bloom is 20.82 m~24.97 m from the meniscus, and the solid fraction in the center of the bloom is 0.6~1. The total reduction of the HR is set to 30 mm, and the reduction of each roller in the reduction range is set to 4 mm, 5 mm, 9 mm, 7 mm, and 5 mm, respectively, to prevent the formation of internal cracks. Plant trials were conducted to verify the effect of the optimized HR. The results show that the carbon segregation degree on the V channel and non-channel of the bloom decreases from 1.2 to 1.16 and increases from 0.93 to 0.95, respectively, and the central carbon segregation degree decreases from 1.17 to 1.15. Meanwhile, the internal crack was not found in the bloom.

A three-dimensional model of the thick slab continuous casting mould of 400 × 2200 mm was established. The effects of immersion depth of nozzle and casting speed on the flow field and temperature field were investigated. The high...

Self-regulating magnetic induction hyperthermia (SMIH) represents a localized tumor therapeutic modality that utilizes the Curie temperature (Tc) of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to realize the automatic control of the hyperthermia temperature, which has attracted extensive research attention. Although various low-Tc MNPs have been fabricated, three critical challenges hinder the clinical translation of SMIH. Regarding thermal performance parameters, the threshold values of Tc and heating efficiency for effective SMIH remain undetermined. In terms of intratumoral retention, rapid loss and redistribution of intratumoral MNPs severely weaken long-term thermal stability during repeated hyperthermia cycles. From the perspective of manufacturing, large-scale fabrication of well-dispersed low-Tc MNPs is still a technical challenge. This review systematically elaborates on the above three challenges and proposes future research directions to accelerate the clinical transformation of SMIH.

The anisotropic permeability tensor governs interdendritic fluid flow and solute transport during the directional solidification of metallic alloys, fundamentally influencing crystal growth kinetics and microstructural evolution. Traditional scalar models, notably the Kozeny–Carman equation, are fundamentally limited by isotropic assumptions that contradict the inherent anisotropy of dendritic microstructures and preclude description of microstructure–transport coupling. Recent advances in multiscale computational crystal growth modeling, integrating phase-field simulations of dendritic morphology, lattice Boltzmann calculations of interdendritic flow, and synchrotron X-ray tomography for in situ microstructural characterization, have enabled tensor-resolved quantification of permeability evolution, yet the dynamic feedback between solid skeleton deformation and permeability remains poorly understood. This work establishes a critically assessed mechanistic framework coupling dendritic microstructure evolution, anisotropic permeability tensor dynamics, and solidification transport phenomena. By explicitly addressing the hitherto unresolved dynamic feedback between solid skeleton deformation and permeability, this review provides a theoretical foundation and a conceptual framework for future predictive modeling for solidification microstructure control, offering fundamental insights into the physics of crystal growth and interdendritic transport in metallic systems.