The application of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) in the power system is expanding day by day since it provides a higher reliability through fast symmetrically monitoring and protection and assists in controlling power systems. For power systems, islanding is a significant event due to its hazardous consequences. To detect islanding events, several schemes have been previously proposed but inappropriate threshold setting, higher computational time, and false tripping are the main limitations. In addition, differentiating between real island events and transient faults is another limitation. However, appropriate threshold setting plays a considerable part in detecting the island event, which is also important to differentiate between real and non-island events. Phasor Measurement Unit can assist in islanding detection, but it can generate 30 samples/s, so there is always the possibility of making particular period data disappear. The principal contribution of this review article is its detailed discussion of real-time symmetrical PMU data and it further presents different PMU data analytic techniques and the proposed schemes for the islanding detection system. An appropriate methodology tried to understand how to incorporate missing PMU data techniques along with the islanding detection system to ensure the higher reliability of the network.

Due to the significant number of distributed generators in the electric power system, islanding detection requirements are becoming an increasingly prominent aspect of the power system. The island detection system depends on accurate threshold determination since an incorrect threshold might result in a hazardous situation. To evaluate the proposed method’s capacity to discriminate between different events, this study examined different unintentional islanding conditions such as under frequency and over frequency. The purpose of this study is to establish the threshold of the under and over frequency island conditions. The under frequency island condition happens when the distributed generator (DG) capacity exceeds the amount of connected load; on the other hand, the over frequency island condition happens during a higher connected load compared to the capacity of the DG. The contribution of this research is to propose an unintentional island threshold setting technique based on bus voltage angle difference data of the phasor measurement unit (PMU). In the PowerWorld simulator, the Utility Kerteh (location: Terengganu, Malaysia) bus system has been designed and simulated in this work. The test system has four distinct islanding scenarios under two conditions, and the performance of the proposed methods demonstrates that for the under frequency islanding conditions the scenario’s threshold can be taken at a minimum of 40 milliseconds (ms) and a maximum of 60 ms, while the over frequency condition island threshold can be placed at a minimum of 60 ms and a maximum of 80 ms depending on the scenarios. Therefore, the proposed technique will be contributed to increase the reliability of the overall distribution grid so the unintentional island can be detected faster in terms of time.

Islanding detection needs are becoming a pivotal constituent of the power system, since the penetration of distributed generators in the utility power system is continually increasing. Accurate threshold setting is an integral part of the island detection scheme since an inappropriate threshold might cause a hazardous situation. This study looked at the islanding conditions as well as two transient faults, such as a single line to ground fault and a three-phase balance fault, to assess the event distinguishing ability of the proposed method. Therefore, the goal of this research was to determine the threshold of the island if the distributed generator (DG) capacity is greater than the connected feeder load, which is the over-frequency island condition, and if the DG capacity is less than the connected feeder load, which is the under-frequency island condition. The significance of this research work is to propose a new island detection threshold setting method using the slip angle and acceleration angle that comes from phasor measurement unit (PMU) voltage angle data. The proposed threshold setting method was simulated in the PowerWorld simulator on a modified IEEE 30 bus system equipped with DG. There are three different interconnection scenarios in the test system and the performance of the proposed method shows that getting the island threshold for all the scenarios requires a single time step or 20 mile seconds after incepting an island into the network. In addition, it can distinguish between the real islanding threshold and the transient faults threshold.

Islanding detection is becoming a vital aspect of the power system as the penetration of distributed generators in the utility power system continues to grow. If the distribution generation (DG) capacity matches the connected feeder load the islanding detection takes longer due to the minimal power imbalance between the DG and the utilities prior to islanding event. This research work proposes a slip and acceleration angle-based islanding detection algorithm using phasor measurement unit (PMU) voltage angle data. Specifically, this research utilizes the grid and DG bus voltage angles in the form of their slip and acceleration angle parameters. This research work presents the performance results of the proposed islanding detection algorithm for the under frequency, over frequency, and match frequency islanding conditions. The proposed algorithm is developed using IEEE 30 bus system and validate with the actual Utility Kerteh system (located in Terengganu, Malaysia) based on simulated PMU voltage angle data for 8 different island and non-island cases. Notably, the proposed algorithm shows that it can detect all islanding conditions of the Utility Kerteh system at 20ms, which means it requires only one cycle duration after island incepts in the network.