Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic mulching films have an important function, but at the end of their lifetime pose an economic and environmental problem in terms of their removal and disposal. Biodegradable mulching films represent an alternative to LDPE with the potential to avoid these environmental issues. In this preliminary study, we employed a biodegradable film based on Mater-Bi^® (MB) in comparison with low-density polyethylene to assess their effect on the yield and particular quality traits (organoleptic and nutraceutical composition of the fruits) of muskmelon (cv Pregiato) grown on soils with different textures (clay–loam—CL and sandy loam—SL) in two private farms in South Italy. Soil temperature under the mulch was also measured. During the monitored periods, mean soil temperature under LDPE was higher (about 1.3 °C) than that under the biodegradable film and was higher in SL soil than in CL soil, at 25.5° and 24.2 °C, respectively. However, the biodegradable film was able to limit the daily temperature fluctuation, which was 1.7 °C in both soils compared with 2.3 °C recorded for LDPE. Fruit yields were higher with MB film than LDPE (+9.5%), irrespective of soil texture. MaterBi^® also elicited increases in total soluble solids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity compared with LDPE films: 13.3%, 22.4%, 27.2%, and 24.6%, respectively. Color parameters of flesh, namely brightness, chroma, and hue angle were better in fruits grown on LDPE. Our findings suggest that Mater-Bi^® based biodegradable mulching film is a potentially valid alternative to traditional LDPE, particularly for obtaining the agronomical benefits outlined above and for promoting environmental sustainability due to its favourable biodegradable properties.

Fresh-cut fruits, renowned for their convenience and nutritional value, are susceptible to rapid deterioration, compromising their quality and shelf life. In this study, a sustainable and environmentally friendly edible coating was developed based on sodium alginate (SA; 1% w/v), cedar mucilage (CM; 4% w/v), and calcium chloride (2% w/v), applied using a layer-by-layer technique to preserve the quality and prolong the shelf life of fresh-cut melon. Fruits were cut into cubes coated or uncoated by dipping and subsequently packaged in a polyethylene terephthalate container and stored for 15 days at 4 °C. Physicochemical traits and qualitative features such as polyphenol, flavonoid, carotenoid, ascorbic acid content, as well as antioxidant activity, were assessed. Furthermore, the enzymatic antioxidant system and the ascorbate–glutathione cycle were investigated. The coating reduced weight loss and enhanced polyphenol, flavonoid, and ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity during cold storage. Edible coating (SA + CM) represents a valid tool to extend the postharvest life, improve the storability, and enhance the physicochemical and qualitative traits of fresh-cut melon. Further research is required to optimize coating formulations and application techniques to maximize their effectiveness and commercial viability in the food industry.

Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is an important fruit crop widely spread in the cold and mild climates of temperate regions in the world, with more than 93 million tons harvested worldwide in 2021. The object of this work was to analyze thirty-one local apple cultivars of the Campania region (Southern Italy) using agronomic, morphological (UPOV descriptors) and physicochemical (solid soluble content, texture, pH and titratable acidity, skin color, Young’s modulus and browning index) traits. UPOV descriptors highlighted similarities and differences among apple cultivars with a depth phenotypic characterization. Apple cultivars showed significant differences in fruit weight (31.3–236.02 g) and physicochemical trait ranging from 8.0 to 14.64° Brix for solid soluble content, 2.34–10.38 g malic acid L⁻¹ for titratable acidity, and 15–40% for browning index. Furthermore, different percentages in apple shape and skin color have been detected. Similarities among the cultivars based on their bio-agronomic and qualitative traits have been evaluated by cluster analyses and principal component analyses. This apple germplasm collection represents an irreplaceable genetic resource with considerable morphological and pomological variabilities among several cultivars. Nowadays, some local cultivars, widespread only in restricted geographical areas, could be reintroduced in cultivation contribution to improving the diversity of our diets and contemporary to preserve knowledge on traditional agricultural systems.

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) has been propagated vegetatively for hundreds of years. Therefore, plants tend to accumulate somatic mutations that can result in an intra-varietal diversity capable of generating distinct clones. Although it is common that winemakers request specific clones or selections for planting new vineyards, relatively limited information is available on the extent, degree, and morphological impact of the clonal diversity in traditional, highly valued grapevine varieties within production areas protected by geographical denomination of origin. Here, we present a morphological and genetic investigation of the intra-varietal diversity in ‘Greco Bianco’, the grapevine variety used to produce the DOCG and PDO “Greco di Tufo” wine. Seventeen clones from different farms (all within the allowed production area) were phenotypically characterized using ampelographic and ampelometric traits. The clones were also genotyped with Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and retrotransposon-based DNA markers (REMAP). The morphological analysis indicated a uniformity in the qualitatively scored traits, and a limited variability for the quantitative traits of the bunch and of the berry composition. The molecular markers also depicted variability among clones, which was more evident with the use of REMAPs. The comparison of the discriminatory information of the three analyses indicated that they provided different estimates of the level of diversity. The evaluation described herein of the clonal variability has implications for the management and protection of clonal selections in ‘Greco Bianco’ and prompts for further multidisciplinary investigations on its possible role in winemaking.

Nowadays, chestnut by-products are gaining a lot of interest as a low-cost raw material, exploitable for developing added-value products. This is in line with suitable chestnut by-products’ management, aimed at reducing the environmental impact, thus improving the chestnut industry’s competitiveness and economic sustainability. In this context, with the aim of valorizing local cultivars of European chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.), our attention focused on the Verdole cultivar, which has been characterized by using the UPOV guidelines for its distinctness, homogeneity, and stability. After harvesting, Verdole chestnuts were properly dissected to collect the outer and inner shells, and episperm. Each chestnut part, previously crushed, shredded, and passed through diverse sieves, underwent ultrasound-assisted extraction. The extracts obtained were evaluated for their total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content. The antiradical capacity by DPPH and ABTS assays, and the Fe(III) reducing power, were also evaluated. Although all the samples showed dose-dependent antioxidant efficacy, plant matrix size strongly impacted on extraction efficiency. LC-HRMS-based metabolic profiling highlighted the occurrence of different polyphenol subclasses, whose quantitative ratio varied among the chestnut parts investigated. The outer shell was more chemically rich than inner shell and episperm, according to its pronounced antioxidant activity. The polyphenol diversity of Verdole by-products is a resource not intended for disposal, appliable in the nutraceutical sector, thus realizing a new scenario in processing chestnut waste.

Recently, a new solarization method gained a great deal of attention thanks to various advantages in comparison with both the traditional one and soil fumigation (alternative soil treatment based on the use of chemical agents). This method implements traditional solarization by spraying a biodegradable black liquid over the soil surface before the application of a thermic film. This creates a thin black film that acts like a “black body”, significantly increasing soil temperatures at various depths. Thanks to higher temperatures, it is possible to eliminate most of the pathogens in shorter times compared to traditional solarization. In the present paper, the results of different trials carried out on green beans, Romanesco broccoli, and lettuce were reported. The aims of this work were to demonstrate the efficacy on soil borne pathogens, its lower impact on living soil fungal biodiversity and the agronomical performance of the new solarization method. All crops tested showed a significant yield increase when grown in soil treated with the innovative solarization method. Romanesco broccoli also exhibited improved inflorescence quality. Solarization had a positive impact on overall crop productivity: green beans showed a maximum yield increase of 165.3%, lettuce yields rose by 47.5%, and Romanesco broccoli yields were 111.5% higher compared to the non-solarized control. These results confirm that the new solarization method is more effective, as well as environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable compared to traditional methods.