The braking system is a crucial element in automotive safety. In order for the braking mechanism to function effectively, the brake pads’ durability as well as quality are crucial aspects to take into account. A brake pad is a part of a vehicle that holds the wheel rotation so that braking can occur. Asbestos, which is harmful to human health, is a raw material that is recently being widely used as a material mixture for the manufacturing of brake pads. Many efforts have been made by researchers to find other natural alternative materials to replace the use of asbestos. Natural materials that have received much attention and research include coconut fiber, wood powder or flour, bamboo fiber, shell powder, etc. This review paper focuses on analyzing the main parameters that affect brake pad performance. The composition of filler and fiber types of reinforcement for polymer composites is discussed. Previous studies’ information on the fabrication and testing of brake pads are also highlighted. Furthermore, the findings of this review can provide researchers and academicians with useful information and points to consider for further research.

The investigation of hybrid, woven, natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites as a substitute reinforcement for fiber polymer composites has recently caught the interest of academics, industry, and researchers. Woven, natural fiber composites have been implemented in many different applications, including parts for automobiles, household items, flooring, aerospace, and ballistic materials. Therefore, this research seeks to establish the thermal and mechanical characteristics of composites made from rattan strips (RS) and glass fiber (GF)-reinforced epoxy resin (ER). Other than that, the impact of layering configurations with respect to the thermal and mechanical characteristics of the RS and GF will be determined. Hand lay-up and a hydraulic press machine produce hybrid, woven RS and GF laminates. The hybrid composite’s mechanical properties will be investigated using impact, tensile, and flexural tests. The hybrid woven of the GF/RS/RS/RS/GF composite sequence demonstrated the highest mechanical properties in comparison to other sequences. The increase from one to three layers of RS in the core layer of GF hybrid composites enhanced the flexural, impact, and tensile properties. In addition, the hybridization of rattan and GF is more thermally stable, as recorded by the high decomposition temperature. As a finding of the research, the woven RS and GF hybrid is a potential material for automotive applications such as car bumpers, for example.

The need for concrete condition assessment for existing buildings increases because of high disaster vulnerability levels, as well as a large number of buildings that have reached their age of use. Currently, there is not any standard reference for assessing concrete condition rating yet, so a concrete condition assessment method that can be measured quantitatively needs to be developed. The developed concrete condition assessment method combines concrete condition assessment based on visual inspection and testing. Assessment measures start with an assessment of visual inspection results, which is continued with concrete compressive strength testing. This article contains a concrete condition assessment based on concrete compressive strength testing. This method determines the concrete condition rating scale using five condition ratings as a reference for building condition assessment. The limit value of each condition rating is taken from concrete compressive strength values that are structurally sufficient, according to the structural concrete requirement code for buildings. Concrete compressive strength values have resulted from non-destructive tests and destructive or loading tests. Building condition rating (BCR) value determination factors in the effect of structure element damage towards building structure and concrete testing result accuracy rating, and also can decrease inaccuracy towards concrete quality condition rating determination on scale limit values, and minimize error risks in determining damage condition rating. The resulting method has the advantage of assessing structure element condition rating and building condition rating (BCR) that can be measured quantitatively, has five assessment scale ratings that can portray building conditions having to be demolished, and calculates structure element critical weight.

Kemacetan lalu lintas adalah salah satu masalah yang selalu ada di kota besar dan industri khususnya Tangerang. Seperti terlihat pada ruas Jalan MH. Thamrin Tangerang dan Jalan Raya Serpong (200m) yang menjadi salah satu contoh ruas yang mengalami kemacetan .Dalam studi ini hambatan samping sangat berpengaruh pada kinerja lalu lintas, karena semakin tinggi hambatan samping akan berpengaruh terhadap volume kendaraan ,dan kecepatan kendaraan . Data yang di gunakan untuk mengetahui hambatan samping tersebut adalah dengan cara mengitung jumlah hambatan samping, volume lalu lintas,kecepatan rata-rata kendaraan dan tata guna lahan untuk mengetahui hambatan tersebut harus diadakan survey dan mengolah data hasil survey dengan cara Pearson Correlation ,agar dapat mengetahui hambatan yang paling berpengaruh pada volume dan kecepatan kendaraan. Diperoleh korelasi paling erat yaitu korelasi antara hambatan samping dengan pejalan kaki dengan R = 0.95 pada sore hari dijalan Raya Serpong.

Purpose: Currently, public-rented flats in Jakarta Province are managed by the Management Unit of Public-Rented Flats (MUPRF), which uses the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (RREB) as the source of its financing. However, several previous studies have suggested that the MUPRF change its institutional scheme, to be more independent and not rely on the RREB as its source of finance. The study aims to identify three variable groups, public-rented flats’ characteristics, alternative institutional and financial schemes and challenges in the change of institutional and financial schemes. Design/methodology/approach: This is a qualitative research, where both triangulation and the Delphi method are used to enrich findings. Triangulation is used to collect data from more than one source, and the Delphi method is used to gather opinions from experts and reach a consensus on the variables identified in the triangulation process. Findings: Based on the findings there are 11 variables of public-rented flats’ characteristics, three variables of alternative institutional and financial schemes and four variables of challenges in the change of institutional and financial scheme. Research limitations/implications: Through the triangulation process, only two sources were used, sources from previous research and regulations. In the Delphi method process, experts were staff from the Department of Community Housing and Settlement of the DKI Jakarta Province. Originality/value: This research will be used as the basis on developing a system dynamics on how the MUPRF works as a system to figure out whether it can be changed into the alternative scheme proposed, with all the characteristics and challenges identified.

Pengendalian penggunaan mobil pribadi menggunakan strategi Electronic Road Pricing, kebijakan parkir dan Transjakarta dapat mengurangi kepadatan lalu lintas. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis respon masyarakat terhadap sistem Electronic Road Pricing, kebijakan parkir dan Transjakarta jika diterapkan untuk mengurangi kepadatan lalu lintas. Electronic Road Pricing telah berhasil menanggulangi kemacetan di beberapa negara dengan memberikan tarif berbayar pada jalan tertentu. Sistem kebijakan parkir dapat mengurangi kepadatan lalu lintas dengan menaikan tarif parkir sesuai dengan kepadatan penggunaan kendaraan pribadi di daerah tertentu. Tujuan dari sistem Electronic Road Pricing dan kebijakan parkir agar pengguna kendaraan pribadi beralih menggunakan kendaraan umum untuk mengurangi kepadatan lalu lintas. Pengambilan data untuk penelitian ini diambil dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner di Jalan Raya Serpong kepada responden yang mengetahui dan pernah melewati jalan tersebut. Data yang didapat dari responden, akan diolah agar dapat mengetahui pilihan dari responden tentang kedua sistem tersebut dengan menggunakan model analisis sensitivitas. Strategi parkir, ERP dan Transjakarta dianggap menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengurangi kepadatan lalu lintas. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ketika strategi ERP dan kebijakan parkir diterapkan dengan tarif yang tinggi maka pengguna Jalan Raya Serpong akan beralih menggunakan kendaraan umum dan didapatkan bahwa responden cenderung lebih memilih tarif yang lebih murah.