The aim of the study was to prepare SnO₂ nanowires via a combination of electrospinning and the sol–gel method from a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/dimetylformamide (DMF)/ethanol(EtOH)/tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate (SnCl₄·5H₂O) solution. The morphology, structure and chemical composition of the obtained PVP/SnO₂ nanofibers and SnO₂ nanowires were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as well as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDX). The optical property analysis was performed on the basis of UV–Vis spectra of absorbance as a function of the wavelength, based on which the rated values of band gaps of the fabricated 1D nanostructures were determined. The morphology analysis showed that the obtained amorphous SnO₂ nanowires with crystalline protuberances were characterized by a diameter of 50 to 120 nm. Results demonstrated that nanowires with a ratio of 1:1 precursor to polymer in the spinning solution were characterized by the smallest diameter after calcination and the smallest energy gap of 3.3 eV among all investigated samples. The rest of the studied materials were characterized by a larger energy gap (3.8 and 3.9 eV).

Life cycle analysis (LCA) is a popular tool for determining the environmental impacts of a product in use. The aim of this study is to carry out a life cycle analysis, gate-to-gate, of a mass packaging process using a polyethylene shrinking film with a focus on energy consumption, raw material use and associated emissions, and film post-consumer disposal scenarios. Two different scenarios for the disposal of the shrinking film used in the packaging process were analyzed, namely recycling and landfills. The analysis showed that choosing recycling as the post-consumer management of film waste within the studied system boundaries reduces the negative environmental impact by approximately 17%. The study showed significantly higher environmental benefits in terms of harmfulness to human health for recycling than for landfills. A study of the environmental impact of the mass packaging process depending on the energy source showed that using a renewable source minimizes environmental damage. Three sources of energy options were analyzed, including the country’s energy mix, wind, and solar. The research shows that changing sources to wind power reduces potential damage to human health by 91%, to ecosystems by 89%, and to resources by 92% compared to the country’s energy mix power option. When comparing the results for the renewable energy options, the variant with energy from wind presents lower harm in all three damage categories compared to the solar option.

The analysis was performed of the current state of 3D printing in various industries and prospects for its application in the light industry, in particular comp

The aim of this study was to assess the environmental impact of using recycled polyethylene film for shrink-wrapping bottles. For this aim, film properties were tested and the harmfulness of the packaging process was simulated for film made from virgin and recycled material. For the recycled film, the results showed an increase of 14.7% in impact resistance, a change from −21.6 to +94.3% in tear resistance, and a decrease of up to 45.4% in tensile strength in dependence on the test direction. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the changes in the properties of the two types of film with temperature changes were evaluated. DSC analysis showed that recycled film has a 1.94 °C lower glass transition temperature and a 1.85 °C lower melting point in comparison to polyethylene film. This can reduce the temperature of the packaging process and lead to energy savings. A study conducted with SimaPro 9.3 software showed that a change in films made of virgin raw material to recycled films reduces the negative impact on the environment from 68.5 to 11.5%. The change also reduces resource consumption by about 80 percent. The results of conducted tests and simulations showed that using recycled film for bottle packaging allows reducing the negative environmental impact of examined process, especially in terms of resource consumption and energy savings.

On-board diagnostics of technical condition of the brake system elements provide control during the inter-control period of operation. The use of ABS requires further development of on-board diagnostic tools based on the development of new diagnostic methods using multilevel structural and effect schemes, primarily in terms of efficiency parameters. Increase of the information content by increasing the number of measured kinematic parameters and improving the algorithms for generating control signals for the brake system actuators showed effectiveness of diagnostics. To implement diagnostics of technical state of the brake system elements on board of a vehicle, a structural diagram of a diagnostic device, which uses telecommunication means of connection with an expert system and a voltage strain gauge in the coupling device of a truck has been proposed. It is advisable to carry out in-depth element-by-element diagnostics under bench conditions, with the maximum possible exclusion of random factors affecting the process. To summarize all information about the state of the vehicle's braking system, it is necessary to use an expert system.

Support of the established technical characteristics of engines is reached by its regular service and diagnostics in particular - existence of the diagnostic programs built in the onboard computer of the car which carry out constant control of the main parameters of the engine.Based on the algorithm of vibroacoustic diagnostics, a system of vibration and vibroacoustic diagnostics of the internal combustion engine (ICE) is proposed, which can be integrated into the intelligent environment of self - diagnostics of the car (Check - Engine). The algorithm takes into account the normalized parameters and criteria for assessing the vibration state: the absolute values of displacements, velocities and accelerations and their changes.For the self-diagnostic system, it is important to develop a classifier of engine states also to determine and / or predict the failure of its parts or units. Engine vibrations can be attributed to the following types: imbalance of the 1st and 2nd order of the engine; vibration associated with combustion in the engine; auxiliary units.The analysis of a vibroacoustic signal at work of the serviceable and faulty engine is carried out, influence of various elements of a design, placement of the gauge in horizontal and vertical directions is shown on it.