O tomate ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is at the top of the ranking among the most consumed vegetables in the world and can be grown in open fields and, mainly, in agricultural greenhouses. Therefore, the adjustment of phosphate fertilizer in its cultivation can influence higher yields, fruit quality and nutritional status. In view of the socioeconomic importance of tomatoes due to their antioxidant properties, bioactive compounds, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and the guarantee of jobs for farmers, this literature review seeks to present a study that provides technical and scientific data on general and the important role of phosphate fertilization in tomato cultivation. The main focus of this study is justified by the absence of studies that analyze the general aspects and the responses of the tomato in function of the water deficit and doses and sources of phosphorus. Through the analysis of secondary data available in the literature related to the theme, there is a difficulty in adjusting the phosphate fertilizer according to the appropriate choice of doses and sources to be applied. Furthermore, as it is a vegetable sensitive to water deficit, fruit yield and quality can be influenced by the amount of water that is applied and the management of irrigation in combination with the correct amount of fertilizer.

In the search for alternative chemical control against Aedes aegypti L., various studies are developedand encouraged in order to find new substances insecticidal plant and in this context essential oilshave been shown to be very promising. Extracted from the essential oils of Lindl Pimenta dioica species(leaves) and Aniba duckei Kostermans (stems) by means of hydrodistillation using a Clevengersystem and promoted its mixture of equal parts. In this study, the larvicidal effect of the mixture ofessential oils extracted from leaves of Pimenta dioica species Lindl and branches of Aniba duckei Kostermanswere evaluated against the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1792). The larvicidal activitywas observed based on the percentage of dead larvae, the action was assessed 24 h after treatment.The blend of essential oils had larvicidal activity with LC50 of 113,95 (±2.11) μg mL−¹ and the patternsof eugenol 90,86 (±0,03) μg mL–1 and linalool 305,42 (±0,03) μg mL–1. The results indicate that themixture of essential oils evaluated, is composed of substances that together with the major componentseugenol and linalool provided greater larvicidal effect against the mosquito Aedes aegypti L.

Studies on the development of the root system can provide important information about responses to different management strategies, such as the use of lower quality water, also evaluating the interaction between plants and the physical properties of the soil. This study tested the hypothesis that irrigation with treated sewage effluent (TSE) supplies the water needs of sugarcane plants, increasing root growth and improving the physical properties of the soil. We evaluated the effects of subsurface dripping with TSE or surface reservoir water (SRW) on the root development of first ratoon cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and the physical properties of dystrophic red latosol. Irrigation treatments were applied at 20 and 40 cm and soil properties were evaluated at soil depth layers of 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm. We verified that under irrigation with TSE and SRW, shallower soil layers present better porosity, soil aggregation, and aggregate stability conditions, parameters that improve the root system development and plant growth. On the other hand, deeper soil layers have lower macroporosity and higher total clay volume, indicating the possibility of compaction and greater limitations for sugarcane root growth. These results are important for understanding soil quality and provide significant information for agricultural management and for the implementation of sustainable soil conservation practices. This study shows the efficiency of TSE as an alternative water source for sugarcane crops.

The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a parameter applied in meteorological, climatological and hydrological studies being of great importance for the planning, management and management of water resources. Due to the need for knowledge about the loss of water from vegetated surfaces, researchers have developed a variety of methods for estimating ETo, some of which are well accepted, while others are criticized, such as the Penman-Monteith-FAO (PM-FAO) meteorological data, which is not always available by limiting its use. The PM-FAO method has been used for decades to be considered internationally and most appropriate for ETo estimates. This method represents the physical phenomenon of evapotranspiration that involves almost all meteorological elements analyzed in automatic and conventional meteorological stations. On the other hand, when this method is impossible to apply due to the lack of some input data, alternative methods are justified (Hargreaves-Samani, Blaney-Criddle, Priestley-Taylor, Jensen-Haise, Camargo, Makkink, Kharrufa , Linacre, Class A tank, Thornthwaite and solar radiation) according to soil and climatic conditions.

O artigo se refere à elaboração, aplicação e avaliação de um Produto Educacional relacionado às estratégias didáticas e ferramentas digitais no âmbito das figuras geométricas na Educação Infantil. Utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa e os pressupostos da pesquisa-ação recorrendo-se às narrativas da pesquisadora registradas em diário de campo, bem como de duas professoras participantes da pesquisa. A partir de inquietações vivenciadas no período de pandemia, atividades com as crianças em sala de aula e extraclasse foram organizadas e desenvolvidas, fazendo-se uso recursos digitais. Constatou-se que as estratégias didáticas associadas às ferramentas digitais são alternativas importantes, desde que se tenha claro os objetivos de aprendizagem a serem alcançados. As atividades que envolvem o lúdico, associadas às ferramentas digitais, são fundamentais para ampliar esse processo de interação. Na Educação Infantil, o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas e outros recursos metodológicos com intencionalidades educativas possibilita vivências interativas que facilitam a internalização do conhecimento. Além disso, estimula o desenvolvimento da autonomia, colocando a criança de forma ativa no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.

The efficient use of phosphate fertilizers and optimization of the amounts of irrigation water can maximize tomato growth and fruit production. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different phosphorus (P) doses and sources on the growth and production components of tomato plants of the cultivar Gaúcho Melhorado Nova Seleção subjected to different irrigation water percentages. To achieve this, we set up an experiment using a factorial design to test the effects of four doses of P₂O₅ (corresponding to 25%, 50%, 100%, and 200% of the recommended dose), two P sources (monoammonium phosphate—MAP and organomineral—OM), and four irrigation water percentages (50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of field capacity). Tomato plant growth improved when water was supplied at a percentage close to 100% of field capacity, with increased plant height, leaf length, and number of flowers observed (increases of 11.95%, 7.33%, and 13.87%, respectively, compared to 50% of field capacity). However, both excess and deficit irrigation resulted in morphological changes in tomato plants. Additionally, we observed that OM was more effective than MAP in increasing plant diameter and number of flowers, with increases of up to 36.4% and 227.6%, respectively, when using OM. Conversely, tomato growth was negatively affected by higher doses of MAP doses, suggesting that 25% of the recommended dose may yield the best growth rates. We verified that tomato plants can compensate for low phosphorus doses by increasing productivity with higher water amounts (125%–42.40 t ha⁻¹), but high phosphorus doses result in greater fruit production with lower water percentages (50%–41.52 t ha⁻¹).