O tomate ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is at the top of the ranking among the most consumed vegetables in the world and can be grown in open fields and, mainly, in agricultural greenhouses. Therefore, the adjustment of phosphate fertilizer in its cultivation can influence higher yields, fruit quality and nutritional status. In view of the socioeconomic importance of tomatoes due to their antioxidant properties, bioactive compounds, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and the guarantee of jobs for farmers, this literature review seeks to present a study that provides technical and scientific data on general and the important role of phosphate fertilization in tomato cultivation. The main focus of this study is justified by the absence of studies that analyze the general aspects and the responses of the tomato in function of the water deficit and doses and sources of phosphorus. Through the analysis of secondary data available in the literature related to the theme, there is a difficulty in adjusting the phosphate fertilizer according to the appropriate choice of doses and sources to be applied. Furthermore, as it is a vegetable sensitive to water deficit, fruit yield and quality can be influenced by the amount of water that is applied and the management of irrigation in combination with the correct amount of fertilizer.

The damage and the resistance levels of cultivars and accessions of common beans rescued in the South and mountain regions of Espírito Santo State, Brazil, to M. incognita race 3 and M. javanica parasitism were evaluated under a greenhouse. Four rescued bean genotypes ("FORT-10", "FORT-13", "FORT-16" and "FORT-19") and 2 commercial cultivars: "Pérola", and "Aporé", were tested. The cultivar "Rico-23" was included as standard of susceptibility to nematodes and non-inoculated plants constituted the control. Thus, the experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in 3 (treatments considering nematodes) x 7 (genotypes and bean cultivars) factorial arrangement, with 7 replicates. Data were measured at 50 days after plant inoculation. For damage quantification, the following variables were evaluated: plant height (PHE), number of nodes (NNO), number of trifoliate leaves (NRT), fresh matter weight (FWE) and dry matter weight (DWE) of shoots, root weight (RWE), number of root nodules (NRO) and final population (FPO) of nematodes per root system. There were no significant differences between the effects caused by M. incognita and M. javanica, but both species showed inferior values of PHE, NNO, NRT, RWE, FWE and DWE compared to controls. Concerning the levels of resistance of bean plants to M. incognita, the genotypes "FORT-10", "FORT-13", "Aporé" and "FORT-16" behaved as moderately resistant, the cultivars "Rico 23" and "Pérola" low resistant, and the genotype "FORT-19" as highly susceptible. When parasitized by M. javanica, the beans "FORT-19", "Rico-23", "FORT-16" and "FORT-13" were low resistant, "Pérola" and "Aporé" susceptible and "FORT-10" highly susceptible.

Although sugarcane yield is directly influenced by the availability of nitrogen (N), the efficiency of mineral N (MN) fertilization is considered to be low due to nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilization. Thus, the search for alternative sources of N that are cheaper and more consistent with sustainable farming practices has been stimulated. As chicken litter is an organic waste with the potential to supply N to major crops, we tested the hypothesis that the use of this litter as a source of organic N (ON) is as efficient as the application of MN (ammonium nitrate) in promoting the growth, nutrition, and yield of sugarcane plants grown during both plant cane and ratoon cane seasons. Experiments were conducted in a 5 × 5 × 2 subdivided plot scheme in the growing area of the Denusa Mill, Destilaria Nova União S/A, located in the midwest region of Brazil, with treatments consisting of five doses each of MN (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha⁻¹) and ON (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 T ha⁻¹), evaluated in two crop seasons (plant cane-2019/2020 and ratoon cane-2020/2021). The application of different doses of MN or ON influenced the height and number of tillers of sugar cane plants, and the application of ON, supplied by chicken litter, to this crop was as efficient as that of MN in promoting plant growth. MN and ON also increased the leaf content of N, P, and K; moreover, the absence of one source of nitrogen was compensated by the other. ON application (up to 4.8 T ha⁻¹) also increased sugarcane yield in addition to promoting growth. Furthermore, this study highlighted the superior quality of the regrowth observed in the IACSP95-5094 cultivar, which manifested in increased tillering and stem diameter, resulting in consistently higher yields in the ratoon crop.