The degradation of dyes is a difficult task due to their persistent and stable nature; therefore, developing materials with desirable properties to degrade dyes is an important area of research. In the present study, we propose a simple, one-pot mechanochemical approach to synthesize CuO nanoparticles (NPs) using the leaf extract of Seriphidium oliverianum, as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The CuO NPs were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The photocatalytic activity of CuO NPs was monitored using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The CuO NPs exhibited high potential for the degradation of water-soluble industrial dyes. The degradation rates for methyl green (MG) and methyl orange (MO) were 65.231% ± 0.242 and 65.078% ± 0.392, respectively. Bio-mechanochemically synthesized CuO NPs proved to be good candidates for efficiently removing dyes from water.

This study explores how machining parameters affect Surface Roughness (SR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR), and Material Removal Rate (MRR) during Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of a hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite (AMMC). The composite includes 6 % Silicon carbide (SiC) and 6 % Boron carbide (B₄C) in an Aluminum 7075 (Al7075) matrix. A combined optimization approach was used to balance these factors, evaluating Pulse ON time, Current, Voltage, and Pulse OFF time. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimized single responses, while multi-response optimization employed a hybrid method combining the Entropy Weight Method (EWM), Taguchi approach, TOPSIS, and GRA. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) assessed parameter significance, revealing substantial impacts on SR, MRR, and EWR. Based on TOPSIS and GRA, optimized parameters achieved a desirable balance: high MRR (0.4172, 0.5240 mm³/min), minimal EWR (0.0068, 0.0103 mm³/min), and acceptable SR (10.3877, 9.1924 μm) based on EWM-weighted priorities. Confirmation experiments validated a 15 % improvement in the closeness coefficient, and a 16 % improvement in the Grey relational grade, which considers combined SR, MRR, and EWR performance. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis of surfaces machined with optimal parameters showed minimal debris, cracks, and no recast layer, indicating high surface integrity. This research enhances EDM optimization for AMMC, achieving efficiency in machining, minimizing tool wear, and meeting surface quality requirements.

The use of synthetic azo dyes as coloring agents in food products has dramatically increased. This study evaluated the effect of perinatal exposure to tartrazine (TZ) on mice offspring, focusing on neurobehavioral alterations and oxidative stress. The female mice received TZ (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) via oral gavage during pregnancy and the first 15 days after birth. At days 21 and 35 after birth, male mice were sacrificed, and samples were collected for analyses. Perinatal exposure to TZ triggered tissue injury evidenced by the histological alterations and neuronal damage in the cerebrum, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum. TZ provoked lipid peroxidation and diminished cellular antioxidants in different brain regions of the newborns. In addition, TZ increased hemoglobin content, as well as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets count at days 21 and 35 after birth. Both the locomotor behavior and anxiety reflex were significantly altered in mice exposed to TZ. In conclusion, perinatal exposure to TZ within an adequate daily intake range induced oxidative stress and neurobehavioral and hematological alterations in mice offspring. Therefore, consuming foods containing TZ during pregnancy and lactation warrants public awareness.

Red cabbage is known as the millennium’s functional food, which has a lot of importance in our diet because of the health-promoting ingredients present in it. The current study investigated the synergistic relationship of rhizospheric-competent microbial agents (Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis) in modulating the performance of red cabbage under the field conditions of Middle Gangetic Plains, India. Growth parameters were studied at three developmental stages, viz., pre-cupping, early head formation, and maturity. Our results suggested that the dual application of T. harzianum + P. fluorescens along with the 75% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) increased the number of leaves (24.6), leaf area (537.2 cm²), root length (19.8 cm), and micronutrient uptake (Fe, Mn, and Cu) by head of the crop, whereas the co-inoculation of P. fluorescens and B. subtilis along with 75% RDF enhanced plant spread (39.0 cm), earliness (95.2 days), and Zn uptake. Maximum plant height (28.7 cm) and chlorophyll (SPAD, 77.3) were recorded in 100% RDF (120:60:60 kg ha⁻¹) and the combination of T. harzianum + B. subtilis along with 75% RDF, respectively. Interestingly, consortium (T. harzianum + P. fluorescens) bio-primed plants recorded about 14% higher root length in comparison to plants receiving sole fertilizers. The regression analysis revealed a significant relationship of Fe and Mn uptake with chlorophyll (SPAD) and between Zn uptake and the earliness of the crop. The present study indicated that seedling bio-priming with the dual consortium of efficient bio-agents is a viable strategy to lessen our dependence on chemical fertilizers for improving red cabbage production.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are reported to be associated with many diseases, including autoimmune diseases. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), about 152 SNPs are reported to account for ~15% of its heritability. These SNPs may result in the alteration of gene expression and may also affect the stability of mRNA, resulting in diseased protein. Therefore, in order to predict the underlying mechanism of these SNPs and identify novel therapeutic sites for the treatment of RA, several bioinformatics tools were used. The damaging effect of 23 non-synonymous SNPs on proteins using different tools suggested four SNPs, including rs2476601 in PTPN22, rs5029941 and rs2230926 in TNFAIP3, and rs34536443 in TYK2, to be the most damaging. In total, 42 of 76 RA-associated intronic SNPs were predicted to create or abolish potential splice sites. Moreover, the analysis of 11 RA-associated UTR SNPs indicated that only one SNP, rs1128334, located in 3′UTR of ETS1, caused functional pattern changes in BRD-BOX. For the identification of novel therapeutics sites to treat RA, extensive gene–gene interaction network interactive pathways were established, with the identification of 13 potential target sites for the development of RA drugs, including three novel target genes. The anticipated effect of these findings on RA pathogenesis may be further validated in both in vivo and in vitro studies.