Background/Objectives: The increasing demand for total hip arthroplasty (THA), due to aging populations and active lifestyles, necessitates advancements in implant materials and design. This review evaluates the role of surface coatings in enhancing the performance, biocompatibility, and longevity of hip implants. It addresses challenges like wear, corrosion, and infection, focusing on innovative surface engineering solutions. Methods: The review analyzes various surface modification techniques, including physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electrophoretic deposition (EPD), plasma spraying, and ion implantation. It also examines their effectiveness in improving tribological properties, biocompatibility, and resistance to infection. Computational methods such as finite element analysis (FEA) are discussed for predicting potential coating failures. Results: The findings underscore the challenges posed by wear debris and corrosion in common configurations, like metal-on-metal (MoM) and metal-on-polyethylene (MoP). Innovative coatings, such as diamond-like carbon (DLC) films and hydroxyapatite (HA) layers, demonstrate enhanced performance by reducing friction, wear, and bacterial adhesion, while promoting osteogenic cell attachment. Surface textures and optimized tribological properties further improve implant functionality. Multifunctional coatings exhibit potential in balancing biocompatibility and infection resistance. Conclusions: Surface engineering plays a critical role in advancing next-generation hip implants. The integration of advanced coatings and surface modifications enhances implant durability, reduces complications, and improves patient outcomes. Future research should focus on combining innovative materials and computational modeling to refine coating strategies for long-term success in THA.

The hip joint helps the upper body to transfer its weight to lower body. Along with age, there are various reasons for the degeneration of the hip joint. The artificial hip implant replaces the degenerated hip. Wear between the joints is the primary cause of the hip implant becoming loose. The wear can occur due to various reasons. Due to this revision surgery are most common in young and active patients. In the design phase of the implant if this is taken care then life expectancy of the implant can be improved. Small design changes can significantly enhance the implant’s life. In this work, elliptical-shaped hip implant stem is designed, and linear wear is estimated at trunnion junction. In this work, a 28 mm diameter femoral head with a 4 mm thick acetabular cup and a 2 mm thick backing cup is used. The top surface taper radiuses are changed. Solid works was used to create the models. Ansys was used to perform the analysis. It was found that as the radius of the TTR decreased, the wear rate decreased. The least wear rate was found in 12/14 mm taper with a value of 1.15E⁻⁰² mm year⁻¹ for the first material combination and with a value of 1.23E ⁻⁰² mm year⁻¹ for the second material combination. In the comparison between the models with 1 mm chamfer and no chamfer, it was found that the wear rate was lower for the models with 1 mm chamfer. When the chamfer was increased (more than 1 mm), the linear wear increased. Wear is the main reason for the loosening of hip implants, which leads to a revision of an implant. It was found that with a decrease in TTR, there was a small increase in the linear wear rate. Overall, the implant with TTR 6 mm and a chamfer of 1 mm was found to have the least wear rate. To validate these results, the implant can be 3D printed and tested on a hip simulator.

The selection of abrasive material and parameters of the Air-Abrasion device for a particular application is a crucial detail. However, there are no standard recommendations or manuals for choosing these details; the operator must depend on his experience and knowledge of the procedure to select the best possible material and set of parameters. This short review attempts to identify some of the effects that the selection of material and parameters could have on the performance of the Air-Abrasion procedure for a particular application. The material and parameter data are collected from various studies and categorized according to the most popular materials in use right now. These studies are then analyzed to arrive at some inferences on the performance of Air-Abrasion materials and parameters. This review arrives at a few conclusions on the effectiveness of a material and parameter set, and that there is potential for developments in the area of standardizing parameter selection; also, there is scope for further studies on Bio-Active Glass as an alternative to the materials currently used in Air-Abrasion.

The adverse environmental issues and climate change has compelled world to shift to renewable energy systems. Conventional IC engines are the major contributor for air pollution which is the main cause for the global warming. Therefore, EVs (Electric Vehicle) are the future of the automotive industry. The important issues faced by EVS are battery heat generation. Hence in order to remove heat efficiently from the EV battery CFD analysis of a passive thermal management system using PCM for Li-ion batteries is studied for three different discharge rates. Compared to bare cell, the cell with passive BTMS reduces the maximum temperature rise by 2%, 2.1% and 1% at discharge rates of 1.5 C, 1.0 C and 0.5 C respectively thus implying that the BTMS adopted is effective in removing heat from the surface of the cell.