The adverse climate change has posed an emergency for the world to shift to green energy systems. The largest contributor for air pollution, which is the primary cause for the adverse climate change is the fossil fuel driven conventional vehicles. Therefore, electric vehicles are going to be the future of the automotive industry. Due to the abundancy of lithium mineral and high-power density characteristics, lithium-ion powered electric vehicles are prominent choice. Similar to the vehicles driven by internal combustion engines, the electric vehicles should be able to travel long distances while carrying significantly heavy loads. This requires the battery to operate continuously for long duration under heavy loads, which results in increase of battery temperatures beyond the normal operating range. High battery temperature will degrade its performance and subsequently deteriorate battery life. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the battery temperature lies well within normal range for all possible operating conditions of the electric vehicle. This can be achieved by adopting a suitable Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS). In the present study, computational analysis of a single Lithium-ion (LiCoO­­­2 26650) cell designed based on Newman, Tiedemann, Gu and Kim (NTGK) formulation has been carried out to evaluate the maximum temperature attained by the cell. Furthermore, a BTMS is designed for the same using a novel liquid cooling plate (containing three channels) which is in contact with the cell surface. The maximum temperature attained by the cell with BTMS at different discharge rates of 0.5 C, 1.0 C and 1.5 C is determined. To enhance cooling, two fins are attached on top of the liquid cooling plate. Water is used as coolant and analysis is carried out for 0.01 m3/s flow rate. The maximum temperatures attained by the cell with and without BTMS are found to be is 313.72 K, 307.37 K, 302.31 K and 298.55 K, 298.52 K, 297.41 K at discharge rates of 1.5 C, 1.0 C and 0.5 C. Therefore, with BTMS the maximum cell temperature attained is 39%, 25% and 16% less compared to the bare cell, which indicates that the BTMS adopted in the present work is significantly effective in controlling rise in maximum cell temperature.

The adverse environmental issues and climate change has compelled world to shift to renewable energy systems. Conventional IC engines are the major contributor for air pollution which is the main cause for the global warming. Therefore, EVs (Electric Vehicle) are the future of the automotive industry. The important issues faced by EVS are battery heat generation. Hence in order to remove heat efficiently from the EV battery CFD analysis of a passive thermal management system using PCM for Li-ion batteries is studied for three different discharge rates. Compared to bare cell, the cell with passive BTMS reduces the maximum temperature rise by 2%, 2.1% and 1% at discharge rates of 1.5 C, 1.0 C and 0.5 C respectively thus implying that the BTMS adopted is effective in removing heat from the surface of the cell.

The Li-ion batteries used in electric vehicles widely employ cooling plates with mini channels for thermal management purpose. Researches on battery thermal management systems of electric vehicles are largely focused on improving the cooling efficiency hence obtaining temperature uniformity across the cells. In the present work, a streamline configuration has been incorporated in cooling plate design to enhance the performance of mini-channel cooling plate. These kinds of configurations are usually found in submarine and aerospace applications. By adopting streamline design the flow resistance is found to reduce. Five plates with different number of channels (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) were computationally studied at a coolant (water and ethylene glycol mixture) flow rate of 0.002 kg/s. The maximum cell temperature is decreased by 7.8% for 7-channel configuration. Temperature uniformity is also found to improve using this design. The results reveal that this design is able to maintain the temperature of Li-ion battery in safe operating range. Hence this could be a better solution for thermal management of Li-ion batteries in future.

Lithium-ion batteries are frequently utilized in electric vehicles because of their high energy density and prolonged cycle life. Maintaining the right temperature range is crucial since lithium-ion batteries' performance and lifespan are highly sensitive to temperature. This study discusses a practical battery heat control system in this setting. The phenomenon of heat generation and significant thermal problems with lithium-ion batteries are reviewed in this work. The studies on various battery thermal management systems (BTMS) are then thoroughly analysed and arranged into groups based on thermal cycle possibilities. Direct refrigerant two-phase cooling, second-loop liquid cooling, and cabin air cooling are all components of the BTMS. Phase change material cooling, heat pipe cooling, and thermoelectric element cooling are all future parts of the BTMS. The maximum temperature and maximum temperature differential of the batteries are examined for each BTMS, and a suitable BTMS that addresses the drawbacks of each system is discussed. Finally, a novel BTMS is suggested as a practical thermal management solution for lithium-ion batteries with high energy density.

Restorative dentistry is the repairing of damaged teeth and restoring oral health and function. Dental implants are typically placed within the cortical bone of the jaw to provide stability and support for prosthetic restorations. The successful restoration of complex anatomical features of the maxillary anterior is difficult for prosthodontists. Using a 3D slicer, CT scan images were used to create a detailed three-dimensional model of the maxilla bone. This study utilizes ANSYS Workbench, a finite element software program, to analyze the abutment angles, ranging from 0° to 25°, and the impact stress distribution within peri-implant bone. The outcomes of our studies align with and substantiate certain evidence in the literature documenting bone resorption, specifically at the level of the implant neck and near the cortical bone. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of angled abutment stress patterns in the bone surrounding dental implants, offering valuable insights for clinical applications in critical areas of the mouth.

In dental implant insertion, an artificial foundation is prepared for the prosthetic device, which involves the surgical positioning of the implant in the jaw bone. The success of dental implants relies on the osseointegration process. The biomechanical factors, such as stress and strain, developed during the insertion affect the jawbone and its surroundings. In this current study, the stresses during the implant insertion in the mandibular jawbone bone are analyzed using three-dimensional explicit dynamic analysis, and the Cowper–Symonds model is implemented with the damage model. The implant’s design has a substantial impact on stress distribution within the cancellous bone during the insertion procedure. The stress variation takes place as the implant moves into the pre-drilled hole. This is because of the contact between the bone and the fixture on the implant. The upper edge of the predrilled site shows that the stresses are more at the crestal region of the implant due to surface area. There is a gradual increase in the stress level as the implant reaches the lower edge from the top edge. This is because of the concept of mechanical interlocking. Clinicians can use this information to anticipate and address potential stress-related challenges during implant placement.