One of the most critical problems faced by modern civilization is the depletion of freshwater resources due to their continuous consumption and contamination with different organic and inorganic pollutants. This paper considers the potential of already discovered MXenes in combination with carbon nanomaterials to address this problem. MXene appears to be a highly promising candidate for water purification due to its large surface area and electrochemical activity. However, the problems of swelling, stability, high cost, and scalability need to be overcome. The synthesis methods for MXene and its composites with graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and cellulose nanofibers, along with their structure, properties, and mechanisms for removing various pollutants from water, are described. This review discusses the synthesis methods, properties, and mechanisms of water purification using MXene and its composites. It also explores the fundamental aspects of MXene/carbon nanocomposites in various forms, such as membranes, aerogels, and textiles. A comparative analysis of the latest research on this topic shows the progress in this field and the limitations for the practical application of MXene/carbon nanocomposites to solve the problem of drinking water scarcity. Consequently, this review demonstrates the relevance and promise of the material and underscores the importance of further research and development of MXene/carbon nanocomposites to provide effective water treatment solutions.

Gas sensors are essential for safety and quality of life, with broad applications in industry, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. As urbanization and industrial activities intensify, the need for advanced air quality monitoring becomes critical, driving the demand for more sensitive, selective, and reliable sensors. Recent advances in nanotechnology, particularly 1D nanostructures like nanofibers and nanowires, have garnered significant interest due to their high surface area and improved charge transfer properties. Electrospinning stands out as a promising technique for fabricating these nanomaterials, enabling precise control over their morphology and leading to sensors with exceptional attributes, including high sensitivity, rapid response, and excellent stability in harsh conditions. This review examines the current research on chemoresistive gas sensors based on 1D nanostructures produced by electrospinning. It focuses on how the morphology and composition of these nanomaterials influence key sensor characteristics—sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. The review highlights recent advancements in sensors incorporating metal oxides, carbon nanomaterials, and conducting polymers, along with their modifications to enhance performance. It also explores the use of fiber-based composite materials for detecting oxidizing, reducing, and volatile organic compounds. These composites leverage the properties of various materials to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity, allowing for the detection of a wide range of gases in diverse conditions. The review further addresses challenges in scaling up production and suggests future research directions to overcome technological limitations and improve sensor performance for both industrial and domestic air quality monitoring applications.

Aluminum–carbon nanotube (Al–CNT) composites represent a cutting-edge class of materials characterized by their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, making them highly promising for aerospace, automotive, electronics, and energy applications. This review systematically examines the impact of various fabrication methods, including conventional powder metallurgy, diffusion and reaction coupling, as well as adhesive and reaction bonding on the microstructure and performance of Al–CNT composites. The analysis emphasizes the critical role of CNT dispersion, interfacial bonding, and the formation of reinforcing phases, such as Al₄C₃ and Al₂O₃, in determining the mechanical strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability of these materials. The challenges of CNT agglomeration, high production costs, and difficulties in controlling interfacial interactions are highlighted alongside potential solutions, such as surface modifications and reinforcement strategies. The insights presented aim to guide future research and innovation in this rapidly evolving field.

The increasing reliance on electronic technologies has elevated the urgency of effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. This review explores the development and potential of magnetite-incorporated one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanostructure hybrids, focusing on their unique properties and synthesis methods. By combining magnetite’s magnetic properties with the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon fibers (CFs), these hybrids offer superior EMI shielding performance. Various synthesis techniques, including solvothermal synthesis, in situ growth, and electrostatic self-assembly, are discussed in detail, highlighting their impact on the structure and properties of the resulting composites. This review also addresses the challenges in achieving homogeneous dispersion of nanofillers and the environmental and economic considerations of large-scale production. The hybrid materials’ multifunctionality, including enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability, and environmental resistance, underscores their suitability for advanced applications in aerospace, electronics, and environmental protection. Future research directions focus on optimizing synthesis processes and exploring new hybrid configurations to further improve electromagnetic properties and practical applicability.

This study presents a comparative analysis of two synthesis approaches for fabricating magnetic sorbents based on activated carbon (AC) incorporated with magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles: hydrothermal synthesis and ultrasonic treatment. The results demonstrate that ultrasonic-assisted synthesis yields a magnetically responsive composite, us-AC/Fe₃O₄, exhibiting a Pb²⁺ removal efficiency of 92.84%, which is comparable to that of pristine activated carbon (99.0%). A key advantage of the synthesized composite lies in its facile recovery via magnetic separation following adsorption, rendering it a promising candidate for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated water. Kinetic modeling suggests a dual adsorption mechanism: initial stages are governed by physisorption, while chemisorption dominates in the later phases. Adsorption isotherm modeling demonstrated that the Langmuir model provided the best description of Pb²⁺ adsorption on AC and us-AC/Fe₃O₄, with the highest sorption capacities observed for pristine activated carbon, followed by the ultrasonically modified composite, and comparatively lower values for the hydrothermally treated material. These findings underscore the potential of ultrasonic processing as an effective route for developing magnetically separable sorbents with high performance in aqueous heavy metal removal.

The global environmental crisis has made it imperative to enhance tools and techniques for monitoring and analyzing environmental parameters. Gas sensors, crucial for air quality assessment, continually under go technological advancements to enhance accuracy and efficiency in detecting harmful substances. They play an essential role in ensuring safety in workplaces, urban areas, and industries, aiding pollution control efforts. Enhanced gas sensor performance hinges on careful selection and control of gas-sensitive materials and their structure. This involves optimizing gas-sensitive compounds, employing advanced materials, and developing technologies for sensitive and rapid substance detection. One promising compound for this purpose is Co3O4 oxide, synthesized efficiently using the solution combustion method. This method off ers simplicity and allows for precise control over product structures and properties, enabling customization for specific requirements and ensuring high detection efficiency and accuracy. In this study, Co3O4 particles were synthesized from a mixture of cobalt nitrate and glycine with the addition of nitric acid using the solution combustion method. The influence of nitric acid addition and the fuel-to-oxidizer ratio on the morphological characteristics of the cobalt oxide was investigated. The results from SEM, TEM, XRD, and SAXS analyses confi rmed that the addition of nitric acid and a fuel-rich mixture lead to nanoparticles with smaller diameter spread and more stable characteristics.