Background and Objectives: The impact of craniocervical posture on malocclusion has long intrigued researchers in dentistry, orthodontics, and physical therapy. This research aims to elucidate the relationship between craniocervical posture and both dental and skeletal malocclusions and to explore the potential for integrated multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches. Materials and Methods: We analyzed peer-reviewed articles published between 2013 and 2023 from PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus. The search strategy included terms related to craniocervical posture and malocclusion, focusing on studies that evaluated the relationship between these conditions before and after various orthodontic or surgical treatments. Results: A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria, providing nuanced insights into the interplay between malocclusion types and craniocervical alignment. Findings suggest that altered craniocervical posture is more prevalent in individuals with skeletal malocclusions. In particular, orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery appear to influence craniocervical posture, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between craniofacial structure and neck alignment. Conclusions: Our literature review confirms a significant association between craniocervical posture and malocclusion, emphasizing the need for an integrative approach to the diagnosis and treatment of craniofacial anomalies. Future research should aim to quantify these relationships further through longitudinal studies, thereby increasing the understanding necessary to develop comprehensive treatment protocols.

Objectives: This study aims to summarize recent studies available on untargeted metabolomics employed for periodontitis diagnosis, from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid samples, to identify recurring metabolites with biomarker‐value potential. A secondary objective was to analysudurue the protocols of existing studies, to facilitate further research.Material and Methods: Three databases were electronically searched for relevant studies (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus). Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale (NOS). Data was extracted from studies, regarding general characteristics and conclusions, population characteristics, periodontal protocols, and metabolomics protocols. Metabolic pathway analysis was performed for recurrent metabolites.Results: After screening 405 studies, 13 studies (10 using saliva samples, 3 using GCF samples) were included. 22 metabolites were identified in more than one study and included into the pathway analysis. Butyrate, lactate, isoleucine, glucose, pyruvate, isovalerate, hypoxanthine/xanthine, proline, valine, phenylalanine, and ethanol were most frequently encountered and were found upregulated in periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy patients.Conclusions: Metabolomics could provide valuable opportunities in validating potential biomarkers or diagnosis panels, contributing to the screening, prognosis, progression and monitoring of periodontitis. Further studies on larger populations and using established protocols are needed. (PROSPERO CRD42023470339).

Background/Objectives: Peri-implantitis is a prevalent inflammatory condition affecting dental implants, leading to increased treatment costs, patient dissatisfaction, and potential implant failure. Novel biomarker-based approaches may contribute to early detection, thereby decreasing the burden of the disease. The aim of this review was to assess in vivo studies using metabolomics to identify the metabolic profiles and potential biomarkers of peri-implantitis. Methods: The protocol for this study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42025634865). Five databases and grey literature sources (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar) were searched using keywords related to metabolomics and peri-implantitis. Studies were selected by independent, inter-calibrated researchers. Data were extracted using predefined, custom forms. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Results: An electronic literature search retrieved 543 articles, of which five were selected. All studies were published within the last five years of the search. All but one study used untargeted metabolomics, and all studies identified metabolites associated with peri-implantitis or distinct metabolomic profiles of peri-implantitis. SCFAs and lysine metabolites were recurring in the results, confirming the findings of previous metabolomic studies on periodontal disease. Conclusions: Metabolomics has not been widely used to study peri-implantitis. Evidence from existing studies confirms the findings of metabolomics studies on periodontitis. Several metabolites related to PI are associated with immune response, tissue degradation, and cellular energy pathways. Integrating -omics technologies into peri-implantitis diagnosis may facilitate biomarker discovery and improve early detection strategies.

The aim of this research was to validate the use of a gentamicin (GEN) and nano-hydroxiapatite (nHAP)-loaded polycaprolactone nanostructured membrane (NM) as an innovative, highly efficient, low-cost treatment for periodontitis. We conducted an in vivo study on Wistar rats, in which we induced periodontitis by placing silk ligatures around the first right and left upper molars. The subjects were divided into three groups; the first group received no periodontal treatment, the second group received open flap debridement, and the third group received open flap debridement, together with the positioning of the GEN and nHAP-loaded nanostructured membrane as a treatment. The extent of periodontal regeneration was assessed by the periodontal pocket depth, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility, dental plaque, microbiological analysis, concentration of MMP-8 in saliva, plasma levels of CRP, and histological analysis. The results showed that using open flap debridement with the NM is more efficient, and it significantly reduces the probing depth, extent of bleeding on probing, dental mobility, bacterial plaque, and pathogenic flora. The concentrations of MMP-8 and CRP decrease. The histological analysis demonstrated that NM leads to bone regeneration. Our study indicates that gentamicin and nano-hydroxyapatite embedded in the fiber of the biodegradable membranes might be a promising therapeutic option for periodontitis treatment.

Aim of the study This study aimed to evaluate the time efficiency and accuracy of digital scanning compared to traditional impression methods in dentistry, as well as their impact on patient comfort and satisfaction. Materials and methods Bibliographic searches were conducted in databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science), applying relevant keywords to identify studies comparing digital and conventional impression techniques in dentistry. The data was extracted and graphically represented. Results Data from clinical studies indicated mixed conclusions regarding accuracy and impression parameters. Time spent on impressions seems to be less for digital techniques, but results are conflicting. Patients reported increased comfort and a clear preference for digital scans due to their less invasive nature and reduced discomfort. Conclusions Integrating digital scanning technology into modern dental practices offers significant benefits in terms of procedural efficiency and patient satisfaction, while accuracy and time depend by circumstances such as edentulism type and length of scan.

Background and Objectives: Reduced bone quality due to osteoporosis significantly complicates oral rehabilitation and bone regeneration therapies. While Vitamin D (Vit. D3) is crucial for osteogenesis, systemic administration often lacks local efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the osteoregenerative potential of a novel Chitosan-based nanostructured scaffold (NS) loaded with Vit. D3, underlining its efficacy in vitro and in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: Chitosan NSs were fabricated with varying Vit. D3 concentrations. In vitro assessments included cytotoxicity (MTT assay), cell viability (Alamar Blue), and mineralization (Alizarin Red) using human dental follicle stem cells. In vivo, 30 Wistar rats were ovariectomized to induce osteoporosis (confirmed by biomarkers Osteocalcin and β-CTX) and were divided into three groups (n = 10). Bilateral maxillary bone defects were treated with (1) a Control (clot only), (2) a Hemostatic Sponge with Vit. D3 (HS/Vit. D3), or (3) an NS loaded with Vit. D3 (NS/Vit. D3-6.25 ng/mL). Histological and morphometric analyses were performed at 4 and 8 weeks. Results: In vitro, the NS loaded with 6.25 ng/mL Vit. D3 demonstrated superior cytocompatibility, achieving a cell viability of 117.77% at 72 h and significantly enhanced calcium nodule deposition compared to controls. In vivo, a total of 44 defect sites were analyzed following the exclusion of compromised samples (Control: 16 sites; HS/Vit. D3: 16 sites; NS/Vit. D3: 12 sites). The NS/Vit. D3-6.25 ng/mL group exhibited the highest degree of mature bone formation and vascularization (p < 0.05) compared to the Control and HS/Vit. D3 groups. While cellular activity (osteoblasts/osteocytes) was initially higher in the HS/Vit. D3 group, the NS/Vit. D3-6.25 ng/mL group achieved superior structural integration and scaffold replacement by mature bone tissue over time. Conclusions: The novel Vit. D3-loaded Chitosan NS effectively promotes bone regeneration in osteoporotic conditions. It supports osteogenic differentiation in vitro and enhances bone matrix maturation in vivo, suggesting its potential as a bioactive scaffold for regenerative dentistry.