Background: The complex traditional treatment of inflammation diseases in oral cavity includes the prescription of antibiotic and antiseptic therapy. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy as a part of management of inflammatory diseases in oral cavity; Methods: The study is presented in accordance with the preferred reporting points for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). This systematic review was conducted using electronic databases such as Medline PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. All the studies in this systematic review, were randomized, the risk of bias 2 (ROB 2) were assessed; Results: Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 10 randomized clinical trials, published up to 2023 investigating the application of photodynamic therapy as a part of management of inflammatory diseases in oral cavity. The diode laser was used in the oral cavity in the zone of inflammatory process (gingivitis, mucositis, periimplantitis, marginal periodontitis, abscess, periostitis, osteomyelitis etc.) in nine studies or in the zone before surgical procedures in one study; Conclusion: Based on the results of clinical studies, it can be stated that photodynamic therapy shows good results for operations performed in the oral cavity and pharynx.

Background: Tooth extraction is often accompanied by bone tissue loss. This systematic review aims to compare osteoplastic materials for socket preservation. Methods: This systematic review was carried out with the PRISMA statement. To identify relevant studies, a thorough literature search was executed in several databases, such as Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The inclusion criteria were restricted to randomized controlled trials, and their methodological quality was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (ROB 2). Results: Based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine randomized clinical trials published before 2024 were selected for analysis, all of them investigating the application of osteoplastic materials. Six studies performed xenogenic bone augmentation; one of them compared alloplastic and xenogenic materials; two studies described synthetic osteoplastic materials; and one described autogenic bone material. Conclusion: Socket augmentation with osteoplastic materials demonstrates effectiveness in preserving alveolar ridge dimensions and creating favorable conditions for further implant placement, though differences in clinical performance highlight the need for careful material selection.

Background/Objectives: Alveolitis, or “dry socket,” is a common complication after tooth extraction, associated with pain, inflammation and delayed healing. Standard surgical treatments are often invasive and insufficient. Laser therapy offers antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of 980 nm monolaser therapy and 980 nm and 1550 nm dual-wavelength therapy on alveolar socket healing in a rabbit model. Methods: In vitro tests evaluated bactericidal effects of 980 nm laser exposure. Eighteen adult male chinchilla rabbits underwent the extraction of the first incisors with the prevention of clot formation to model alveolar socket healing. On day 3, animals were randomized to three groups: mechanical curettage and antiseptic irrigation, 980 nm diode laser therapy, or combined 980 nm + 1550 nm therapy. Clinical parameters (hyperemia, edema, pain, socket closure) were assessed up to day 7. Histological and microbiological analyses were performed on days 7 and 12. Results: Laser therapy showed superior outcomes compared to mechanical treatment. In vitro, 980 nm exposure eradicated microorganisms after 3 s. By day 7, hyperemia decreased to 0.7 ± 0.6 points in the dual-laser group, versus 2.0 ± 0.0 (980 nm) and 3.0 ± 0.0 (mechanical). Complete socket closure occurred in 33% with mechanical treatment and in 67% of sites in the dual-laser group. Pain was fully resolved only after dual-laser therapy. Histology confirmed more organized granulation tissue and angiogenesis in the dual-laser group. Conclusions: Dual-wavelength laser therapy demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and regenerative effects compared with diode monotherapy and mechanical treatment. These findings highlight its promise as a minimally invasive approach for managing alveolitis, warranting further clinical evaluation.

(1) Background: A decrease in bone mineral density has been noted not only in at-risk patients (e.g., postmenopausal women) but also in young and middle-aged individuals due to changes in lifestyle. The aim of the study was to find a possible correlation for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the jaws. (2) Methods: A total of 24 patients (14 women and 10 men aged 25 to 50 years) with partial secondary tooth loss and vitamin D insufficiency underwent cone beam computed tomography of the jaws and skeletal mineral density assessment using DXA (n = 12) and QCT (n = 12). (3) Results: When conducting CBCT of the jaws, a predominance of bone tissue type D3 (350–850 Hu) on the upper jaw (p > 0.05 (F = 0.68) and D2 (850–1350 Hu) on the lower jaw (p > 0.05 (F = 1) was revealed. According to the results of QCT densitometry of the skeleton, signs of osteopenia were found in four patients (with vitamin D3 deficiency) (33%) according to DXA; signs of osteopenia were found in six patients (with severe deficiency and deficiency of vitamin D3) (50%). The difference between QCT and DXA was not significant (p > 0.05) for each group. The significant strong correlation between CBCT and DXA or QCT was not found (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Primary changes in bone density can be detected earlier in the dental system using cone beam computed tomography of the jaws. At the same time, the question of using a specific densitometry method—DXA or QCT—remains open, as their results correlating with CBCT optical density was not approved.

Background: Vitamin D3 is an important factor for bone metabolism, and its deficiency may affect dental implantation results. Materials and methods: 384 patients with a diagnosis of tooth loss and vitamin D deficiency were examined and treated with dental implants. Vitamin D3 supplements were prescribed by the endocrinologist for all patients in the individual dose. The patients were divided into two equal study groups (n = 192) depending on the dental implantation period: Group 1—operation after blood serum vitamin D3 level normalization; group 2—before reaching the reference level of vitamin D3. Follow-up examinations were performed on the day of dental implantation, 7 days later, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months later, and every 1 year after treatment (up to 10 years). Implant stability and peri-implant tissue condition were assessed with clinical and X-ray diagnostics. Patients also visited an endocrinologist 2 months after the start of the treatment, then every 6 months. Results: The target vitamin D3 level (30–60 ng/mL) (p < 0.001) was achieved in all patients after treatment. At the control examinations, peri-implantitis was diagnosed in 10 patients (2.6%). It was detected in the group of patients with severe vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D deficiency—2 (25%) and 8 (3.4%) patients; respectively (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups for risk of complications or bone quality after treatment. Conclusions: Timely screening of vitamin D3 levels and the appropriate treatment by an endocrinologist in young and middle-aged patients allow for achieving 97.4% dental implantation success for a ten-year period.

   Background. The widespread occurrence of mineral metabolism disorders in the modern world, including those due to vitamin D deficiency, affects the results of patient rehabilitation performed by dental surgeons using dental implants.   The aim of the study was to assess the state of mineral metabolism during dental implantation in young and middle-aged patients with tooth loss due to vitamin D deficiency.   Materials and methods. From 2011 to 2024, 450 patients aged 25–50 years with tooth loss due to identified vitamin D deficiency in the absence of other somatic pathology were examined and treated at Sechenov University and a private clinic. All patients underwent laboratory examination, including assessment of mineral metabolism indicators – the level of total calcium, vitamin D (25 (OH) D), parathyroid hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone. Also, 30 randomly selected patients underwent assessment of osteogenesis markers (bone matrix formation marker P1NP, serum cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen CTX). Patients were referred to an endocrinologist due to detected vitamin D deficiency, therapy was prescribed. All patients underwent dental implantation and concomitant surgeries to increase bone volume, if necessary, considering the study group: in group 1 – until reference values of vitamin D were achieved, in group 2 – after. Comparison of parameters before and after drug therapy was performed using Student’s T-test or Mann-Whitney, the results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.   Results. In the examined sample, 2.1 % of patients had a pronounced deficiency of (25(OH)D) (< 10 ng/ml), 60.4 % had a deficiency (< 20 ng/ml), and 37.5 % had insufficiency (20–30 ng/ml), with the initial level of vitamin D in both study groups not statistically different (< 20 ng/ml, p < 0.05). After the treatment, the level of (25(OH)D) in all patients reached the reference values (30–60 ng/ml, p < 0.05) also without statistically significant difference when compared by groups (median 1 = 42.75 and median 2 = 43.65, respectively, p > 0.05), but was significantly higher when assessed dynamically within eachgroup (p < 0.05). No deviations from reference values for osteogenesis markers were found over time, although a statistically significant slight decrease in both parameters within the normal range was noted after treatment compared to the initial level (p < 0.05).   Conclusion. In young and middle-aged patients with tooth loss due to vitamin D deficiency, no significant changes in laboratory parameters (blood calcium levels, parathyroid hormone, and osteogenesis markers over time) were found during dental implantation and concomitant surgeries.