Physicochemical research of peculiarities of technogenic metallurgical wastes and mathematical optimization of ecologi-cally safe technology of their processing are of great practical importance for solving ecological problems of the region. The aim and the main direction of the research are...

The study has investigated the technical characteristics of a number of sorption materials (natural mineral) and the pos-sibility of their use for the purification of surface and wastewater from oil and oil products. At the first step, regularities of the process of purification of oily waters have been established taking into account the processes of filtration and sorption. After that, the sorption capacity of the sorbents has been estimated, and the factors influencing it analysed. As a final step, the optimal conditions for the sorption process have been selected depending on the conditions and nature of purification. Results indicated that the maximum purification degree has been reached at the concentration of 500 mg∙dm–3 and temper-ature of 20°С.

The article presents the results of physico-chemical and thermodynamic studies of the use of petroleum coke obtained from oil refining waste for use in agglomeration of phosphate raw materials as fuel.Using the method of thin-layer chromatography and IR spectroscopy, groups of organic compounds in the composition of heavy waste used for slow coking of petroleum coke were determined. The obtained results of the analysis of heavy oil waste showed a high content of strong aromatic groups 35.1-54.1%, resin groups 12.0-25.7%, paraffin groups 3.0-41.4%. All these indicators indicate the suitability of heavy oil waste for the production of petroleum coke.The element composition and microstructure of the resulting petroleum coke, which contains C-78.56%, Te-4.05%, Al-12.14%, Si-1.18%, were identified using a scanning electron microscope JSM-6490LV.The results of thermodynamic studies of reactions characteristic of agglomeration firing of a working mixture of phosphorite-phosphate-siliceous shale - neftekox composition are presented, performed using the HSC-5.1 Chemistry software package developed by Outokumpu Research Oy. The results of calculating the Gibbs energy change from the temperature of decarbonization reactions indicate the thermodynamic probability of all studied reactions occurring in the high-temperature region. Moreover, the probability of 5.6 reactions is possible only above 1200K. Thermodynamic modeling of decarbonization of the working systems СаСО_з – С – С₆Н₆ –О₂ и СаСО₃ – С – С₆Н₅О – О₂ were performed in the temperature range 500-1500 K and pressures 0.1-0.01MPa, typical for the agglomeration process using the Astra-4 software package.The results of graphical dependences of the equilibrium distribution of the main components of calcium and carbon depending on temperature and pressure are of the same type. Moreover, as the pressure decreases, the possibility of formation of CaO and CO₂ per 100 K moves to a low-temperature region.

This article provides information about the method of obtaining potassium humate obtained from brown coal of the Lenger deposit, and also describes the elemental and mineralogical composition of potassium humate determined with SEM (JSM-6490l V, Jeol). Kinetic data on the decomposition of brown coal with solutions of potassium hydroxide are presented. The area of chemical reactions and the activation energy are determined. The benefits of the obtained potassium humate are that they are environmentally safe and have high bioactivity. They are also characterized by a high content of humic substances that are involved in the structure formation of the soil, accelerate biochemical processes, and increase the physical and chemical characteristics in the soil. Under the influence of humate-containing substances, the function of microflora elements in the soil is activated, and the number of beneficial microorganisms increases.