Chaphamaparvovirus (CHPV) is a recently characterized genus of the Parvoviridae family whose members can infect different hosts, including bats, which constitute the second most diverse order of mammals and are described worldwide as important transmitters of zoonotic diseases. In this study, we identified a new CHPV in bat samples from the municipality of Santarém (Pará state, North Brazil). A total of 18 Molossus molossus bats were analyzed using viral metagenomics. In five animals, we identified CHPVs. These CHPV sequences presented the genome with a size ranging from 3797 to 4284 bp. Phylogenetic analysis-based nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the VP1 and NS1 regions showed that all CHPV sequences are monophyletic. They are also closely related to CHPV sequences previously identified in bats in southern and southeast Brazil. According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) classification criteria for this species (the CHPV NS1 gene region must have 85% identity to be classified in the same species), our sequences are likely a new specie within the genus Chaphamaparvovirus, since they have less than 80% identity with other CHPV described earlier in bats. We also make some phylogenetic considerations about the interaction between CHPV and their host. We suggest a high level of specificity of CPHV and its hosts. Thus, the findings contribute to improving information about the viral diversity of parvoviruses and show the importance of better investigating bats, considering that they harbor a variety of viruses that may favor zoonotic events.

The Totiviridae family of viruses has a unique genome consisting of double-stranded RNA with two open reading frames that encode the capsid protein (Cap) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRpol). Most virions in this family are isometric in shape, approximately 40 nm in diameter, and lack an envelope. There are five genera within this family, including Totivirus, Victorivirus, Giardiavirus, Leishmaniavirus, and Trichomonasvirus. While Totivirus and Victorivirus primarily infect fungi, Giardiavirus, Leishmaniavirus, and Trichomonasvirus infect diverse hosts, including protists, insects, and vertebrates. Recently, new totivirus-like species have been discovered in fish and plant hosts, and through metagenomic analysis, a novel totivirus-like virus (named Tianjin totivirus) has been isolated from bat guano. Interestingly, Tianjin totivirus causes cytopathic effects in insect cells but cannot grow in mammalian cells, suggesting that it infects insects consumed by insectivorous bats. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing and identified totivirus-like viruses in liver tissue from Molossus molossus bats in the Amazon region of Brazil. Comparative phylogenetic analysis based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region revealed that the viruses identified in Molossus bats belong to two distinct phylogenetic clades, possibly comprising different genera within the Totiviridae family. Notably, the mean similarity between the Tianjin totivirus and the totiviruses identified in Molossus bats is less than 18%. These findings suggest that the diversity of totiviruses in bats is more extensive than previously recognized and highlight the potential for bats to serve as reservoirs for novel toti-like viruses.

CRESS-DNA encompasses a broad spectrum of viruses documented across diverse organisms such as animals, plants, diatoms, fungi, and marine invertebrates. Despite this prevalence, the full extent of these viruses’ impact on the environment and their respective hosts remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, an increasing number of viruses within this category lack detailed characterization. This investigation focuses on unveiling and characterizing viruses affiliated with the Genomoviridae family identified in liver samples from the bat Molossus molossus. Leveraging viral metagenomics, we identified seven sequences (MmGmV-PA) featuring a circular DNA genome housing two ORFs encoding replication-associated protein (Rep) and capsid protein (Cap). Predictions based on conserved domains typical of the Genomoviridae family were established. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the segregation of these sequences into two clades aligning with the genera Gemycirculavirus (MmGmV-06-PA and MmGmV-07-PA) and Gemykibivirus (MmGmV-01-PA, MmGmV-02-PA, MmGmV-03-PA, MmGmV-05-PA, and MmGmV-09-PA). At the species level, pairwise comparisons based on complete nucleotide sequences indicated the potential existence of three novel species. In summary, our study significantly contributes to an enhanced understanding of the diversity of Genomoviridae within bat samples, shedding light on previously undiscovered viral entities and their potential ecological implications.

Os morcegos são reservatórios de uma diversidade de vírus. Dentre os viromas registrados em morcegos, os retrovírus estão entre as famílias de vírus mais significativas, pois causam infecção persistente nos animais. Relatórios recentes de retrovírus circulando em populações de morcegos tem identificado vários retrovírus de outros animais nesses mamíferos. Objetivou-se a partir de Metagenômica viral, identificar sequências retrovirais de interesse em Medicina Veterinária, em espécies de morcegos urbanos da Amazônia. A partir do Sequenciamento de Nova Geração (SNG) na Plataforma Illumina e baseado no BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool), analisamos 168 amostras (56 de sangue, 56 de swab oral e 56 de swab anal) de 56 morcegos das espécies Noctilio albiventris (n= 18), N. leporinus (n=1), Artibeus lituratus (n=13), Myotis sp. (n= 6) e Molossus molossus (n=18). Como resultado observamos que quatro gêneros de retrovírus tiveram leituras, sendo eles: Alpharetrovirus, Betaretrovirus, Gammaretrovirus e Lentivirus. Os pools de swab oral apresentaram mais número contigs virais identificados por similaridade no BLAST. As sequências retrovirais totais foram: Duck infectious anemia virus, Feline leukemia virus, Gibbon ape leukemia virus, Avian leukosis virus, Reticuloendotheliosis virus, Feline mmunodeficiency virus, Mason Pfizer monkey virus, Enzootic nasal tumour virus of goat e Simian retrovirus Y. Mostramos a partir de nossa análise metagenômica, que há circulação de retrovírus de outros reservatórios, como felinos, ovinos e aves, na quiropterofauna da região e reportamos tais registros com o intuito de alertar sobre a vigilância permanente de morcegos para novos retrovírus e investigações de características biológicas e potencial infeccioso de tais vírus.

Background: Across Amazonian deforestation frontiers, phlebotomine sand flies transmit Leishmania spp., the causative agents of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Landscape modification can alter vector ecology and transmission risk, yet the relative roles of forest cover, landscape configuration, and deforestation timeline remain poorly understood. We evaluated how landscape composition and configuration, assessed across multiple spatial scales, and deforestation timeline influence sand fly abundance and Leishmania infection in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil. Methods: Sand flies were collected at 20 study sites during two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2022 and 2024. Landscape metrics, including forest cover and edge density, were quantified within circular buffers of 3, 5, and 7 km ² around each site. Deforestation timeline, defined as time since initial forest loss, was used as a proxy for the duration of human occupation. Associations with sand fly abundance and Leishmania infection were assessed using Bayesian regression models, applying negative binomial models for abundance and binomial models for infection probability. Infection was detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results: Forest cover and edge density, across all spatial scales, were not associated with sand fly abundance or Leishmania infection. In contrast, longer deforestation timelines were consistently associated with higher sand fly abundance, driven largely by increased captures of the sand fly species Nyssomyia antunesi . No landscape variable showed a clear association with infection occurrence. Conclusions: Sand fly abundance in this Amazonian frontier was associated with the duration of human occupation rather than with current forest structure. These findings suggest that vector populations can persist in human-modified landscapes and highlight the importance of incorporating deforestation timeline into ACL surveillance and risk assessment. Graphical

Among the cardiac abnormalities, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been described as the most common disease in companion animals, and is characterized by anatomical changes that lead to an increase in myocardial contractile fibers, thus providing total heart muscle enlargement and its dysfunction. Given its clinical importance and ability to lead the patient to sudden death, we aimed to report a case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a dog, addressing its clinical and anatomopathological aspects. A 9-month old male dog of the breed Spitz German Dwarf was seen in a Veterinary Clinic in the city of Santarém - PA, with clinical complaint of sudden cardiac arrest after being released for recreation in a Pet Hotel. The physical evaluation showed dyspnea, cyanosis, limb rigidity, tachycardia (210 bpm) and temperature of 37.8ºC. After initial care, the patient had cardiorespiratory arrest, and even with resuscitation protocol, the patient died. A necropsy was performed, where cardiac alterations typical of HCM and acute myocardial infarction were found. It was observed that HCM causes numerous anatomical changes in the heart, where the increased thickness of the ventricular muscles and septum are the most striking changes during necroscopic examination and cause or not, clinical signs to the carrier of this disease. Almost always HCM leads to cardiac dysfunctions that range from decreased cardiac output to thrombus formation and myocardial infarction due to vascular complications of the coronary vessel network, causing sudden death of the animal, as can be seen in the present report.