Vehicle displays are becoming more integrated into our daily lives. Achieving a premium driving experience demands the display panel to have high-resolution density and sufficient brightness, particularly when exposed to intense ambient light, as direct sunlight can obscure the displayed images. Combining Barten’s model and diffraction theory, the performance of both infotainment displays and head-up displays (HUDs) is evaluated. For infotainment displays, over 800 nit brightness is essential for the driver to discern 55 pixel-per-degree (PPD) patterns under direct sunlight. For HUDs, a delicate balance between resolution density, brightness, transparency, and image quality must be exercised. By slightly reducing the resolution density to 50 PPD, the transparent micro-LED panel can concurrently achieve a reduced background image blur, low required display brightness (~4000 nits), and high background transmittance (~90%).

To achieve wide-gamut and high-efficiency tandem white OLED (WOLED) microdisplays, we propose a new structure leveraging high-order antinodes and patterned microcavities. The color gamut coverages of 95% Rec. 2020 and 92% Rec. 2020 can be achieved in B/G/R tandem WOLED with a moderate microcavity and B/YG tandem WOLED with a strong microcavity, respectively. We have also boosted the optical efficiency by 62% for the tandem B/YG WOLED using the high-order antinodes at optimal conditions. Such a WOLED microdisplay helps reduce the power consumption of virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) displays while keeping a wide color gamut.