This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined training with maximal aerobic speed and small-sided games on football players’ aerobic capacity development. Methods: The football players were divided into three groups as a combined training group (n = 20) (Mean ± SD age 23.40 ± 2.92 yrs, BMI was 23.67 ± 1.59 kg/m², mass: 74.80 ± 5.46 kg, height: 177.73 ± 4.31 cm), maximal aerobic speed group (n = 20) (Mean ± SD age 23.93 ± 2.46 yrs, BMI was 23.32 ± 1.42 kg/m², mass: 72.66 ± 5.38 kg, height: 176.46 ± 4.99 cm) and regular training group (n = 20) (Mean ± SD age 24.80 ± 5.84 yrs, BMI was 22.87 ± 1.67 kg/m², mass: 73.06 ± 6.74 kg, height: 178.33 ± 7.98 cm). In addition to regular football training, maximal aerobic speed training with small-sided games was applied to the combined training group (CT) and only maximal aerobic speed training was applied to the maximal aerobic speed group (MAS) twice a week for 12 weeks. The normal training group (NT) continued their routine football training programme. All participants applied the Yo-Yo IR1 test in the pre-test and post-test of the study. As a result of normality tests, it was determined that the data showed normal distribution, and the ANOVA test and Tukey’s multiple comparison test were used in the intergroup evaluation. Results: When the Yo-Yo IR1 Test pre-test and post-test results were analysed, maximal aerobic speed training with small-sided games (CT) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) groups were significantly higher compared to the normal training (NT) group regarding training load, running distance, and VO2max value among the football players (p = 0.001). There was no difference in the normal training group (p > 0.05). As a result, it was determined that combined training with maximal aerobic speed, small-sided games, and only maximal aerobic speed effectively improved football players’ aerobic capacity and general performance.

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of the FIFA 11+ and Harmoknee warm-up protocols in female football players on flexibility, vertical jump, and shooting speed performance. Methods: This study involved 17 female football players who volunteered to participate, had no history of medical conditions, maintained regular menstrual cycles (28 ± 2 days, range: 26–33 days) in the three months preceding the study, and consistently engaged in football training. The Harmoknee and FIFA 11+ neuromuscular warm-up protocols were applied to the study group on different days, 48 h apart. After the exercises, athletes were tested for flexibility, vertical jump, and shooting speed. Two trials were allowed for each test, with a 3 min break between trials. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to check for normality, and an independent sample t-test was used to compare groups. The p-value was set at <0.05 to determine statistical significance. Results: When comparing warm-up protocols, it was established that the FIFA 11+ neuromuscular warm-up protocol positively affects athletes’ vertical jump performance compared to other protocols (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the FIFA 11+ warm-up protocol resulted in better vertical jump performance in female soccer players compared to the Harmoknee warm-up routine. The FIFA 11+ protocol activates leg muscles, and balance exercises improve the neuromuscular characteristics of the warm-up compared to the Harmoknee protocol.

Aerobic capacity plays an important role in football as it influences players' physical performance and long-lasting endurance levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the aerobic capacity levels of football players playing in different positions according to the positions they play. The study group consisted of 83 football players in super amateur league. Football players playing in 8 different positions voluntarily participated in the study (goalkeeper: n= 8, defender: n=13, left back: n=9, right back: n=7, midfield: n=24, left winger: n=7, right winger: n=7 striker: n=8). Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (YYIRT1) was applied to determine the aerobic endurance parameters of the players. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare the distance travelled, average speed (km/h) and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) values. It was determined that there was a significant difference between the test parameters of the players in different playing positions, and this difference was found to be between the left back players, goalkeepers, and stoppers (p<0.05). It was determined that goalkeepers had the lowest average aerobic capacity in the distances travelled by the players by position, while back players and wingers had high aerobic capacity averages. According to these results, we can say that the aerobic capacities of football players vary according to their positions, and the physiological demands of the position played by back players and wingers are effective in the distance travelled and the football players have different aerobic capacities.

Bu çalışmanın amacı futbolcularda farklı ısınma protokollerinin sürat ve çeviklik performansına akut etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmaya, aktif futbol oynayan antrenmanlı 15 gönüllü erkek futbolcu (yaş ortalaması: 24,53 yıl; boy uzunluğu ortalaması: 177,6 cm; vücut ağırlığı ortalaması: 73,66 kg; beden kitle indeksi ortalaması (BKİ): 23,36 kg/m2; spor yaşı ortalaması: 12,13 yıl) katıldı. Araştırma grubuna antrenman öncesi olmak üzere 48 saat arayla RAMP ısınma protokolü ve FIFA 11+ nöromüsküler ısınma protokollerini içeren iki farklı ısınma protokolü uygulandı. İsınma protokollerinden hemen sonra, algılanan zorluk derecesi ölçeği, his skalası ve fiziksel etkinlikten hoşlanma ölçeği uygulandı. Test tekrarları arasında 3 dakikalık pasif dinlenmeler verilerek futbolculara 10 m ivmelenme, 20 metre sürat testi ve T-çeviklik test ölçümleri gerçekleştirildi. Veriler Shapiro-Wilk testi kullanılarak normallik açısından kontrol edildi. Gruplar arası karşılaştırma da bağımlı örneklem t-test ile analiz edildi. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi ve yorumları p<0,05 önem düzeyinde anlamlı kabul edildi. Test sonuçları karşılaştırıldığında, FIFA 11+ nöromüsküler ısınma protokolünün sürat performansına olumlu etki ettiği saptanmıştır (p<0,05). FIFA 11+ nöromüsküler ısınma egzersizleri, uyluk kas grubunu harekete geçiren Nordic hamstring curl egzersizi başta olmak üzere kuvvet egzersizlerini de içerdiğinden böyle bir durumun sporcuların sürat gelişmesine katkı sağladığı düşünülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, sürat performansında gelişim sağlamak için FIFA 11+ nöromüsküler ısınma protokolünün antrenman ve müsabaka öncesi ısınma programlarında uygulanması önerilmektedir.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of velocity-based (VBT) and traditional strength training (TST) methods on vertical jump, dynamic balance, agility, 10 m acceleration and 20 m sprint performances. Twelve volunteer men randomly divided into two groups participated in the study. After 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) was determined, the TST group performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 40-60% of their maximum weight, while the VBT group performed 3 sets of strength training at a velocity range of 0.75-1.0 m/s for 6 weeks, 2 days a week. In the VBT group, a significant difference was found between 55.16±6.17 cm in the pre-test and 59.16±4.99 cm in the post-test of vertical jump and 4.05±0.27 in the pre-test and 1.72±0.27 in the post-test of balance (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between 48.33±3.98 cm in the pre-test and 53.66±4.03 cm in the post-test; between 4.29±0.29 in the pre-test and 3.65±0.48 in the post-test. Optimising the speed while lifting load in VBT enables athletes to react faster to sudden position changes by improving dynamic balance. Although 6 weeks of VBT training increased vertical jump, the difference was not statistically significant, which may be due to sample size, training duration or individual differences. As a result, the increase in vertical jump and balance in both strength training exercises can be explained by the fact that squat exercise activates the quadriceps muscles by activating the knee joint and increases leg strength, endurance and knee stabilisation.

Araştırmanın amacı, 12–13 yaş aralığındaki yüzücülerde patlayıcı kuvvet ile yüzme performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırma, Sinop ilinde ikamet eden, en az üç yıldır lisanslı olarak müsabakalara katılan 8 erkek (12,75 ± 0,46 yıl; 163,12 ± 6,79 cm; 55,13 ± 4,65 kg) ve 7 kadın (12,29 ± 0,49 yıl; 152,71 ± 2,87 cm; 48,16 ± 4,66 kg) yüzücü ile yürütülmüştür (n=15). Katılımcıların 15 m, 25 m ve 50 m yüzme performans süreleri ile dikey sıçrama performansları değerlendirilmiş; değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler Pearson korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Bulgular, 15 m, 25 m ve 50 m yüzme sürelerinin birbirleriyle anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir (p < 0,001). Ayrıca dikey sıçrama performansı ile yüzme süreleri arasında ters yönlü ilişkiler saptanmış; bu ilişkiler 15 m için r = −0,75, 25 m için r = −0,79 ve 50 m için r = −0,87 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kısa mesafe yüzme performansının farklı mesafelerde birbirini tamamlayan bir yapı sergilediği ve bu yapının patlayıcı kuvvet ile yakından ilişkili olduğu söylenebilir. Dikey sıçrama performansının artmasıyla birlikte yüzme sürelerinin kısaldığı görülmüş, bu durum patlayıcı kuvvetin kısa mesafe yüzme performansının ortaya konulmasında önemli bir rol oynayabileceğini düşündürmüştür. Bu bağlamda, kara ortamında değerlendirilen patlayıcı kuvvet özelliklerinin, genç yaş grubu yüzücülerde kısa mesafe performansının anlaşılmasında işlevsel bir gösterge olabileceği değerlendirilmektedir.