Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis are widely used to assess the failure modes of a system, along with their causes and effects. Several Multi-Criteria Decision-Making approaches have been developed to overcome the limitations of the traditional FMECA. In these approaches, several multiple criteria are considered to determine the criticality values and assign criticality ranks. In these developed approaches, only one expert can involve in criticality analysis. By incorporating several experts from design, manufacturing, and maintenance domains in the criticality analysis accuracy of the results can be improved. This paper proposes a new integrated Expert Judgment-based Preference Section Index (ExJ-PSI) model that combines MCDM approaches and integrates expert opinions. The proposed model is applied to a boiler system used in the textile industry. The results are compared with those obtained from the conventional FMECA and normalized median method. In the present study, the opinions of seven experts from various domains and organizations are discussed. To normalize the collected data, one scale is developed by considering four expert criteria, such as the experience of the expert, the number of boilers he is handling, the number of employees under his supervision, and the proficiency in the field. The proposed model is more effective and flexible in handling and analyzing data of complex configured systems consisting of many subsystems, components, and failure modes. The analysis reveals that the feed water pump, feed water pump motor, supply water temperature sensor, return water temperature sensor, header, and coal feed motor are some of the most critical components of the boiler system.

This study develops an intelligent real-time diagnostic and forecasting model for photovoltaic (PV) stations operating in the rural regions of Kazakhstan. Field measurements show that in Kazakhstan’s rural conditions, daily temperature fluctuations of 18–27 °C reduce PV output by 10–15%, solar irradiance variations of 800–1100 W/m² cause an additional 8–12% deviation, and mineral-rich dust accumulation of 20–120 μm results in 3–5% power loss per 10 μm layer. Using the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law, thermal degradation coefficients, and inverter droop models, the physical–mathematical behavior of PV degradation was described. The hybrid AI model (LSTM + XGBoost + Random Forest) achieved 89–91% accuracy in 24 h forecasting and 88–93% accuracy in fault detection. Overall, the proposed system reduces energy losses by 10–15% and shortens maintenance time by 18–24%, improving the reliability of rural PV stations in Kazakhstan.

This study presents the engineering design and system-level modeling of a high-frequency power supply architecture for electrostatic precipitators intended to improve particulate removal efficiency and operational stability. Atmospheric air pollution by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) remains one of the most critical challenges in environmental protection and public health. Although electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are widely used for industrial gas cleaning, the efficiency and stability of conventional 50 Hz power supplies are limited under conditions of strongly nonlinear corona discharge and high-resistivity dust. This paper presents the development and investigation of an advanced high-frequency power supply system for electrostatic precipitators based on a coupled electrical–electrophysical mathematical model. The work follows an engineering design methodology that integrates converter topology selection, electrophysical modeling of corona discharge, and control-oriented system optimization. The proposed model provides a unified description of electric field formation, space charge accumulation, ion transport, and particle motion in the corona discharge region. The simulation results show that in the operating voltage range of 10–100 kV, the electric field strength reaches (2–5)·10⁶ V/m, the ion concentration stabilizes in the range of 10¹³–10¹⁵ m⁻³, and the particle drift velocity increases from approximately 0.05 to 0.3 m/s, leading to an increase in collection efficiency from about 55% to 93%. It is demonstrated that the proposed system ensures stable output voltage regulation within ±2.5–5% even under strongly nonlinear load conditions. The use of an LC output filter (C = 1–10 nF, L = 10–100 mH) reduces the voltage ripple from about 14% to 1.4–4.8% and significantly improves the transient response. In addition, adaptive adjustment of the pulse repetition frequency in the range of 10–200 kHz makes it possible to reduce energy consumption by 12–18% while simultaneously increasing the collection efficiency by 8–15%. The obtained results confirm that the proposed high-frequency power supply architecture provides a physically well-founded and energy-efficient solution for improving the environmental performance and operational stability of electrostatic precipitators.

With the active modernization of power facilities and the increasing deployment of maneuverable combined-cycle gas turbines (CCGTs), the selection of rational start-up strategies becomes increasingly important from the perspective of power quality. Excessive acceleration of power ramp-up may lead to undesirable voltage deviations, particularly in transmission networks with limited grid stiffness. This study investigates the impact of CCGT start-up ramp rate on voltage dynamics and power quality indicators at a 110/220 kV grid node. A detailed model of the Almaty power hub was developed in MATLAB/Simulink, taking into account the network structure, generating units, transformers, and aggregated loads. Three start-up scenarios were analyzed: an existing combined heat and power plant, a 504 MW combined-cycle gas turbine unit, and a 560 MW combined-cycle gas turbine unit with fuel afterburning. Voltage dynamics were evaluated using RMS-based indicators and a stabilization criterion incorporating a 5 s sliding time window and an 80% admissibility threshold. The simulation results reveal a nonlinear relationship between the start-up ramp rate and voltage quality. Increasing the ramp rate reduces the voltage stabilization time; however, beyond approximately 0.05 MW/s, further acceleration does not lead to additional improvement in power quality. The results indicate the existence of an optimal range of start-up ramp rates that provides a compromise between start-up speed and voltage quality requirements. The proposed approach can be used in the development of start-up algorithms for modern combined-cycle power plants connected to 110/220 kV transmission networks.

Кавитационно-струйные технологии в комбинации с высокоэнергетическими видами воздействия, таким как электронно-лучевое облучение, открывают широкие возможности для их практического применения в различных сферах промышленной индустрии, в частности, в области генерации водорода из попутных нефтяных и парниковых газов, одновременно решая экологические проблемы окружающей среды. Целью данной работы является создание информационно-измерительной системы и программного обеспечения ранее разработанного нами кавитационно-струйного реактора для генерации водорода с перспективой адаптации предлагаемой технологии и технических решений в промышленных масштабах. В рамках исследования разработана информационно-измерительная система гидродинамического кавитационно-струйного реактора, предусматривающая возможность комбинирования ее работы с источником электронно-лучевого облучения для создания условий формирования низкотемпературной плазмы в около- и сверхзвуковых потоках квитирующей паро-газо-жидкостной смеси. Новизна работы заключается в разработке автоматизированной системы управления макетной установкой кавитационно-струйного реактора, позволяющей проводить конверсию попутных нефтяных газов с высокой эффективностью генерации водорода.