In recent years, slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) have gained significant attention in antifouling applications. However, their slippery performance often deteriorates in dynamic environments, limiting their service life. TC4 titanium alloy, commonly used in hulls and propellers, is prone to biofouling. SLIPSs have gained significant attention in antifouling applications. However, their slippery performance often deteriorates in dynamic environments, limiting their service life. To address these issues, a novel slippery liquid-infused surface (STASL) was developed on TC4 through the integration of hydroxyl end-blocked dimethylsiloxane (OH-PDMS), a silane coupling agent (KH550), and nano-titanium dioxide loaded with silver particles (TiO₂-Ag, anatase) and silicone oil, thereby ensuring stable performance in both dynamic and static conditions. The as-prepared surfaces exhibited excellent sliding capabilities for water, acidic, alkaline, and saline droplets, achieving speeds of up to 2.859 cm/s. Notably, the STASL demonstrated superior oil retention and slippery stability compared to SLIPS, particularly at increased rotational speeds. With remarkable self-cleaning properties, the STASL significantly reduced the adhesion of proteins (50.0%), bacteria (77.8%), and algae (78.8%) compared to the titanium alloy. With these outstanding properties, the STASL has emerged as a promising solution for mitigating marine biofouling and corrosion on titanium alloys.

Conventional LIG preparation mostly relies on the ablation process of a CO₂ laser on a polyimide (PI) substrate but is limited by the sensitivity of the laser parameters, which is prone to PI film deformation, non-uniformity of the process, or LIG surface breakage problems. In this study, we present a new method to fabricate superhydrophobic laser-induced graphene (SH-LIG) surfaces by immobilizing the polyimide (PI) film on the copper sheet, which enables uniform laser processing (single pass laser etching) over a wider range of microsecond laser parameters (10.5–19.5 W). Subsequently, the SH-LIG was obtained by vacuum-assisted immersion in stearic acid, resulting in a water contact angle greater than 150°, roll angle stabilized at 6°, and hydrophobic stability at a high temperature of 90 °C. Analysis by Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the LIG fabricated at optimal power (19.5 W) had a more developed C sp² network (I_2D/I_G ≈ 0.5) and pore structure, which significantly improved the photothermal conversion efficiency (up to 252 °C in air and 180 °C on water). On this basis, a simple micro-driver based on SH-LIG was designed. Experiments showed that the maximum velocity of the SH-LIG boat can reach an adjustable propulsion velocity of 45.6 mm/s (related to the laser processing power and the intensity of the driving light), which is 132% higher than that of the LIG boat. This work provides insights into the preparation of high-quality LIG and their application in photothermally driven micro actuators, highlighting the synergies between structural optimization, surface engineering, and photothermal performance.

Superhydrophobic metal wires have shown great application prospects in oil–water separation, anti-corrosion, anti-icing, and other fields due to their excellent water repellency. However, how to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface on ultra-fine metal wire remains a challenge. Here, we proposed a method using laser processing to efficiently fabricate superhydrophobic ultra-fine brass wire. Firstly, we analyzed the mechanism of the laser processing of curved surfaces and designed a controllable angle rotation fixture to avoid the machining error caused by secondary positioning in the machining process. Then, we investigated the influences of the laser power, scanning speed, and scanning times on the surface morphology and wettability of the ultra-fine brass wire. The optimal laser processing parameters were obtained: laser power of 6 W, scanning speed of 500 mm/s, and scanning time of 1. After low surface energy modification, the water contact angle and surface roughness Sa of the ultra-fine brass wire were 156° and 1.107 μm, respectively. This work is expected to enrich the theory and technology for fabricating superhydrophobic ultra-fine brass wire.

Low-surface-energy and wettability-based antifouling coatings have garnered increasing attention in marine applications owing to their environmentally friendly characteristics. However, their limited functionality often results in suboptimal long-term antifouling performance, particularly under dynamic marine conditions. To address these limitations, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based slippery (PSL) coating was fabricated on TC4 titanium alloy by integrating surface silanization via (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), antimicrobial Ag-TiO₂ nanoparticles, laser-induced hierarchical microtextures, and silicone oil infusion. The resulting PSL coating exhibited excellent oil retention and stable interfacial slipperiness even after thermal aging. Compared with bare TC4, low-surface-energy Ag-containing coatings, Ag-containing superhydrophobic coatings, and conventional slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS), the PSL coating demonstrated markedly superior resistance to protein adsorption, bacterial attachment, and diatom settlement, indicating an enhanced synergistic antifouling effect. Furthermore, it significantly reduced the diatom concentration in the surrounding medium without complete eradication, underscoring its eco-friendly and non-disruptive antifouling mechanism. This study offers a scalable, durable, and environmentally benign antifouling strategy for marine surface protection.

High-frequency electrotome (HFE) encompassing rapid cutting speed, effective hemostasis, and simple operation plays a critical role in the electrosurgical field. However, the blood and tissue adhesion on HFE can cause secondary tissue tearing and bleeding. Constrained by the blood and tissue adhesion of conventional HFEs during surgical procedure, aside from prolonged surgical time, secondary tissue tear and bleeding may occur. Available methods have been proposed to alleviate these problems, including additional devices, coating methods, and surface patterning. However, practical applications of existing HFEs with their high cost, low conductivity, and instability remain a challenge. To solve these challenges, we proposed a facile and eco-friendly superhydrophobic high-frequency electrotome (SH-HFE) based on surface patterning, which has blood anti-adhesion and tissue anti-adhesion. The mechanism contributing to superhydrophobicity was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The blood adhesion experiments and tissue adhesion experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of SH-HFE with surface patterning in practical applications. Compared with conventional HFEs, blood adhesion and tissue adhesion on SH-HFE were reduced by 89.7% and 94.8%, respectively, while still maintaining excellent conductivity. The proposed SH-HFE would provide significant benefits to the electrosurgical field.