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In this paper, the applications of thermoplastic, thermoset polymers, and a brief description of the functions of each subsystem are reviewed. The synthetic route and characteristics of polymeric materials are presented. The mechanical properties of polymers such as impact behavior, tensile test, bending test, and thermal properties like mold stress-relief distortion, generic thermal indices, relative thermal capability, and relative thermal index are mentioned. Furthermore, this paper covers the electrical behavior of polymers, mainly their dielectric strength. Different techniques for evaluating polymers’ suitability applied for electrical insulation are covered, such as partial discharge and high current arc resistance to ignition. The polymeric materials and processes used for manufacturing cables at different voltage ranges are described, and their applications to high voltage DC systems (HVDC) are discussed. The evolution and limitations of polymeric materials for electrical application and their advantages and future trends are mentioned. However, to reduce the high cost of filler networks and improve their technical properties, new techniques need to be developed. To overcome limitations associated with the accuracy of the techniques used for quantifying residual stresses in polymers, new techniques such as indentation are used with higher force at the stressed location.
Sk Haque; Jorge Ardila-Rey; Yunusa Umar; Abdullahi Mas’Ud; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Binta Jume; Habibur Rahman; Nurul Bani. Application and Suitability of Polymeric Materials as Insulators in Electrical Equipment. Energies 2021, 14, 2758 .
AMA StyleSk Haque, Jorge Ardila-Rey, Yunusa Umar, Abdullahi Mas’Ud, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Binta Jume, Habibur Rahman, Nurul Bani. Application and Suitability of Polymeric Materials as Insulators in Electrical Equipment. Energies. 2021; 14 (10):2758.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSk Haque; Jorge Ardila-Rey; Yunusa Umar; Abdullahi Mas’Ud; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Binta Jume; Habibur Rahman; Nurul Bani. 2021. "Application and Suitability of Polymeric Materials as Insulators in Electrical Equipment." Energies 14, no. 10: 2758.
For the past twenty years, there has been increasing interest and investment in solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. One particular area of interest is the development of concentrating PV (CPV), especially for use in building integration. Many CPV designs have been developed and investigated. This paper aims at producing a mathematical modelling using MATLAB programme to predict the current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) characteristics of a static CPV. The MATLAB programme could also simulate the angular response of the CPV designs-which has never been explored in the previous literature. In this paper, a CPV known as the rotationally asymmetrical dielectric totally internally reflecting concentrator (RADTIRC) was analysed. A specific RADTIRC design that has an acceptance angle of ±40° was investigated in this paper. A mathematical modelling was used to simulate the angular characteristics of the RADTIRC from −50° to 50° with an increment 5°. For any CPV, we propose that the value of opto-electronic gain, Copto-e needs to be included in the mathematical model, which were obtained from experiments. The range of incident angle (±50°) was selected to demonstrate that the RADTIRC is capable of capturing the sun rays within its acceptance angle of ±40°. In each simulation, the I-V and P-V characteristics were produced, and the short circuit current (Isc), the open-circuit voltage (Voc), the maximum power (Pmax), the fill factor (FF) and the opto-electronic gain (Copto-e) were determined and recorded. The results from the simulations were validated via experiments. It was found that the simulation model is able to predict the I-V and P-V characteristics of the RADTIRC as well as its angular response, with the highest error recorded for the Isc, Voc, Pmax, FF and Copto-e was 2.1229%, 5.3913%, 9.9681%, 4.4231% and 0.0000% respectively when compared with the experiment.
Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Haroon Farooq; Siti Abu-Bakar; Jorge Ardila-Rey; Nazmi Sellami; Ciaran Kilpatrick; Mohd Muhtazaruddin; Nurul Bani; Muhammad Zulkipli. Mathematical Modelling of a Static Concentrating Photovoltaic: Simulation and Experimental Validation. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3894 .
AMA StyleFirdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Haroon Farooq, Siti Abu-Bakar, Jorge Ardila-Rey, Nazmi Sellami, Ciaran Kilpatrick, Mohd Muhtazaruddin, Nurul Bani, Muhammad Zulkipli. Mathematical Modelling of a Static Concentrating Photovoltaic: Simulation and Experimental Validation. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):3894.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFirdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Haroon Farooq; Siti Abu-Bakar; Jorge Ardila-Rey; Nazmi Sellami; Ciaran Kilpatrick; Mohd Muhtazaruddin; Nurul Bani; Muhammad Zulkipli. 2021. "Mathematical Modelling of a Static Concentrating Photovoltaic: Simulation and Experimental Validation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 3894.
In high-voltage (HV) insulation, electrical trees are an important degradation phenomenon strongly linked to partial discharge (PD) activity. Their initiation and development have attracted the attention of the research community and better understanding and characterization of the phenomenon are needed. They are very damaging and develop through the insulation material forming a discharge conduction path. Therefore, it is important to adequately measure and characterize tree growth before it can lead to complete failure of the system. In this paper, the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) has been applied to cluster and classify the different growth stages of electrical trees in epoxy resin insulation. First, tree growth experiments were conducted, and PD data captured from the initial to breakdown stage of the tree growth in epoxy resin insulation. Second, the GMM was applied to categorize the different electrical tree stages into clusters. The results show that PD dynamics vary with different stress voltages and tree growth stages. The electrical tree patterns with shorter breakdown times had identical clusters throughout the degradation stages. The breakdown time can be a key factor in determining the degradation levels of PD patterns emanating from trees in epoxy resin. This is important in order to determine the severity of electrical treeing degradation, and, therefore, to perform efficient asset management. The novelty of the work presented in this paper is that for the first time the GMM has been applied for electrical tree growth classification and the optimal values for the hyperparameters, i.e., the number of clusters and the appropriate covariance structure, have been determined for the different electrical tree clusters.
Abdullahi Mas’Ud; Arunachalam Sundaram; Jorge Ardila-Rey; Roger Schurch; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Nurul Bani. Application of the Gaussian Mixture Model to Classify Stages of Electrical Tree Growth in Epoxy Resin. Sensors 2021, 21, 2562 .
AMA StyleAbdullahi Mas’Ud, Arunachalam Sundaram, Jorge Ardila-Rey, Roger Schurch, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Nurul Bani. Application of the Gaussian Mixture Model to Classify Stages of Electrical Tree Growth in Epoxy Resin. Sensors. 2021; 21 (7):2562.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdullahi Mas’Ud; Arunachalam Sundaram; Jorge Ardila-Rey; Roger Schurch; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Nurul Bani. 2021. "Application of the Gaussian Mixture Model to Classify Stages of Electrical Tree Growth in Epoxy Resin." Sensors 21, no. 7: 2562.
Integrating a concentrator into the building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) design has resulted in a new technology known as the building integrated concentrating photovoltaic (BICPV). The rotationally asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator (RACPC) is an example of a concentrator design that has been explored for use in BICPV. This paper evaluates the life cycle assessment (LCA) for the RACPC-PV module, which has never been explored before. The LCA of the RACPC-PV module has found a cost reduction of 29.09% and a reduction of 11.76% of embodied energy material manufacture when compared to a conventional solar photovoltaic (PV) module. The energy payback time for an RACPC-PV and a conventional PV was calculated to be 8.01 and 6.63 years, respectively. Moreover, the energy return on investment ratio was calculated to be 3.12 for a conventional PV and 3.77 for an RACPC-PV.
Przemyslaw Zawadzki; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Nurul Aini Bani; Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Abu Bakar Munir. Life Cycle Assessment of a Rotationally Asymmetrical Compound Parabolic Concentrator (RACPC). Sustainability 2020, 12, 1 .
AMA StylePrzemyslaw Zawadzki, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar, Nurul Aini Bani, Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud, Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey, Abu Bakar Munir. Life Cycle Assessment of a Rotationally Asymmetrical Compound Parabolic Concentrator (RACPC). Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePrzemyslaw Zawadzki; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Nurul Aini Bani; Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Abu Bakar Munir. 2020. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Rotationally Asymmetrical Compound Parabolic Concentrator (RACPC)." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 1.
In the last four decades there has been a significant increase in solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity, which makes solar one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Following this trend, solar power would become the world’s largest source of electricity by 2050. Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems, in which conventional materials can be replaced with PV panels that become an integral part of the building, can be enhanced with concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems. In order to increase the cost efficiency of a BIPV system, an optical concentrator can be used to replace expensive PV material with a lower cost option, whilst increasing the electrical output through the concentration of solar power. A concentrator called rotationally asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator (RACPC) was analysed in this work under diffuse light conditions. Software simulations and experimental work were carried out to determine the optical concentration gain of the concentrator. Results from this work show that, under diffuse light, the RACPC has an optical concentration gain of 2.12. The experimental work showed a value of 2.20, which confirms the results with only a 3.8% difference.
Stephania Foster; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez; Daria Freier Raine; Jose Deciga-Gusi; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Nurul Aini Bani; Abu Bakar Munir; Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey. Assessment of the RACPC Performance under Diffuse Radiation for Use in BIPV System. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3552 .
AMA StyleStephania Foster, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez, Daria Freier Raine, Jose Deciga-Gusi, Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar, Nurul Aini Bani, Abu Bakar Munir, Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud, Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey. Assessment of the RACPC Performance under Diffuse Radiation for Use in BIPV System. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (10):3552.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephania Foster; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez; Daria Freier Raine; Jose Deciga-Gusi; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Nurul Aini Bani; Abu Bakar Munir; Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey. 2020. "Assessment of the RACPC Performance under Diffuse Radiation for Use in BIPV System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10: 3552.
Indoor farming is among the approaches which can be adapted to improve agricultural sustainability and ensure the food security of countries. However, adopting indoor farming requires a high amount of energy to sustain the system. Incorporating a renewable energy system for supplying power to agricultural activities will allow the system to be more sustainable in the long run. An unconcentrated photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator (PV-TEG) hybrid system is designed based on the load requirement of an indoor farm. The hybrid system performance under Malaysia’s weather conditions was investigated and analyzed over three months. The designed system has shown its ability to provide sufficient power to the load, as well as supporting an additional load. Besides that, the TEGs power output was found to be dependent on the temperature as well as the types of connections used, where a higher temperature difference and series connection exhibited a better power output. Overall, the combination of the system showed that the addition of a TEG affects the efficiency and power output as compared to a standalone PV. Therefore, this implies that the hybrid system is able to exhibit a more positive outcome in certain weather conditions than a PV standalone system.
Nursyahirah Mohd Shatar; Mohd Azizi Abdul Rahman; Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin; Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Shaikh Salim; Baljit Singh; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Nurul Aini Bani; Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey. Performance Evaluation of Unconcentrated Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Generator Hybrid System under Tropical Climate. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6192 .
AMA StyleNursyahirah Mohd Shatar, Mohd Azizi Abdul Rahman, Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Shaikh Salim, Baljit Singh, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Nurul Aini Bani, Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi, Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey. Performance Evaluation of Unconcentrated Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Generator Hybrid System under Tropical Climate. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6192.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNursyahirah Mohd Shatar; Mohd Azizi Abdul Rahman; Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin; Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Shaikh Salim; Baljit Singh; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Nurul Aini Bani; Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey. 2019. "Performance Evaluation of Unconcentrated Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Generator Hybrid System under Tropical Climate." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6192.
Bangladesh’s constant growth with an annual 6% plus Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for more than the last two decades and achievements in other socio-economic metrics in recent times is impressive and recognized by various global authoritative bodies. The extent of overwhelming economic ventures in the private sector coupled with the commitments of the government clearly demonstrates the transformation of the country from a primarily agro-based economy to one influenced by the manufacturing and service sectors. Bangladesh is fortunate to have fossil fuel reserves on a limited scale, though these are not enough to run the ongoing massive scale development activities, both in private and public sectors. Thus, the constant and uninterrupted supply of energy at an affordable price remains a serious concern for the successive governments. Therefore, this issue of supply of constant energy has turned to be an important part in the national development agenda. Besides, the country is one of the worst victim nations of the devastating effects of global warming and climate change. As Bangladesh is geographically located in a favorable place in the world map with the availability of plenty of renewable energy sources (RES), the policymakers started to take initiatives leading to exploiting these sources to meet the energy demand of the country. There are both prospects and administrative, legal, technological, socio-cultural and environmental challenges. To address these challenges, it requires comprehensive policy initiatives. A good number of technical and scientific research containing findings and recommendations are available. This paper, which is based on adopting a qualitative research methodology where the contents of secondary sources were analyzed, is an initial attempt to highlight the renewable energy developments in Bangladesh, and subsequently, to evaluate the relevant legal and policy initiatives in the light of international best practices. We advance several recommendations that the stakeholders can consider exploiting RES effectively to attain inclusive, equitable and sustainable development in Bangladesh. These include, inter alia: (1) Enhancing government participation to lead the development of renewable energy (RE); (2) ensuring localization of RE technology; (3) reducing the expenses of energy generation through RES and providing assistance in initial investments; (4) introducing comprehensive legal and regulatory policy for the development of RE industry in Bangladesh; and (5) conducting effective public awareness.
Karim; Toriqul Islam; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Nurul Aini Bani; Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin. Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth and Development: An Evaluation of Law and Policy of Bangladesh. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5774 .
AMA StyleKarim, Toriqul Islam, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Nurul Aini Bani, Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin. Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth and Development: An Evaluation of Law and Policy of Bangladesh. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5774.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarim; Toriqul Islam; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Nurul Aini Bani; Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin. 2019. "Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth and Development: An Evaluation of Law and Policy of Bangladesh." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5774.
This paper presents an optimization approach in determining the expansion-limit of Renewable Distributed Generation (DG) capacity through a Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme specifically for selected Malaysian public hospitals. In this study, the total line loss reduction was analyzed and set as the main objective function in the optimization process where an acceptance region for DG extensiveness was proposed via the lower total line loss outcome value. Solar photovoltaic (PV)-type DG unit (PV-DG) was identified as the type of DG used in this paper. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm was chosen to alleviate such PV-DG optimization. The distribution network uses a bus and line data setup from the three selected Malaysian public hospitals prior to three different levels, i.e., National, State, and District level hospitals. MATLAB simulation result showed the PV-DG expansion capacity towards bigger scale and location bounded by the U-trajectory shape theory which resulted in a contradiction between NEM current maximum capacity requirement and actual PV-DG expansion-limit. These limitations were also found to be different among three different level hospitals, and the expansion-limit was tailored by their own distribution network parameters. Thus, this paper provides technical justification and gives the best option to the renewable energy (RE) developer for more effective PV-DG integration through the utilization of a NEM scheme. The importance of the study is portrayed in-depth towards achieving a more sensible and accurate way of estimating the outcome. This will encourage developers, building owners, and users in participating towards achieving potential benefits both in monetary and power system reliability improvement, specifically for Malaysian public hospital applications.
Mohd Effendi Amran; Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Nurul Aini Bani; Tauran Zaidi Ahmad Zaidi; Khairul Azmy Kamaluddin; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey. Photovoltaic Expansion-Limit through a Net Energy Metering Scheme for Selected Malaysian Public Hospitals. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5131 .
AMA StyleMohd Effendi Amran, Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Nurul Aini Bani, Tauran Zaidi Ahmad Zaidi, Khairul Azmy Kamaluddin, Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey. Photovoltaic Expansion-Limit through a Net Energy Metering Scheme for Selected Malaysian Public Hospitals. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (18):5131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohd Effendi Amran; Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Nurul Aini Bani; Tauran Zaidi Ahmad Zaidi; Khairul Azmy Kamaluddin; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey. 2019. "Photovoltaic Expansion-Limit through a Net Energy Metering Scheme for Selected Malaysian Public Hospitals." Sustainability 11, no. 18: 5131.
Solar energy has demonstrated promising prospects in satisfying energy requirements, specifically through solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. Despite that, the cost of installation is deemed as the main hurdle to the widespread uptake of solar PV systems due to the use of expensive PV material in the module. At this point, we argue that a reduction in PV cost could be achieved through the usage of concentrator. A solar concentrator is a type of lens that is capable of increasing the collection of sun rays and focusing them onto a lesser PV area. The cost of the solar module could then be reduced on the assumption that the cost of introducing the solar concentrator in the solar module design is much lower than the cost of the removed PV material. Static concentrators, in particular, have great promise due to their ability to be integrated at any place of the building, usually on the building facade, windows and roof, due to their low geometrical concentration. This paper provides a historic context on the development of solar concentrators and showcases the latest technological development in static PV concentrators including non-imaging compound parabolic concentrator, V-trough, luminescent solar concentrator and quantum dot concentrator. We anticipated that the static low concentrating PV (LCPV) system could serve to enhance the penetration of PV technology in the long run to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7—to open an avenue to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all by 2030.
Abdullah Alamoudi; Syed Muhammad Saaduddin; Abu Bakar Munir; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin; Ridoan Karim; Nurul Aini Bani; Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Radhakrishna Prabhu; Nazmi Sellami. Using Static Concentrator Technology to Achieve Global Energy Goal. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3056 .
AMA StyleAbdullah Alamoudi, Syed Muhammad Saaduddin, Abu Bakar Munir, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar, Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, Ridoan Karim, Nurul Aini Bani, Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud, Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey, Radhakrishna Prabhu, Nazmi Sellami. Using Static Concentrator Technology to Achieve Global Energy Goal. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (11):3056.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdullah Alamoudi; Syed Muhammad Saaduddin; Abu Bakar Munir; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin; Ridoan Karim; Nurul Aini Bani; Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Radhakrishna Prabhu; Nazmi Sellami. 2019. "Using Static Concentrator Technology to Achieve Global Energy Goal." Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3056.
Nurul Aini Bani; Mohamad Hassan; Hazilah Mad Kaidi; Nor Fazilah Mohd Hashim; Rudzidatul Akmam Dziyauddin; Rafizah Musa; Mohamed Azlan Suhot; Sahnius Usman; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Abdullahi Mas'Ud. Assessment of Health Status of the Elderly and Pre-elderly at a Malaysia Elderly Care Centre. International Journal of Integrated Engineering 2018, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleNurul Aini Bani, Mohamad Hassan, Hazilah Mad Kaidi, Nor Fazilah Mohd Hashim, Rudzidatul Akmam Dziyauddin, Rafizah Musa, Mohamed Azlan Suhot, Sahnius Usman, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar, Abdullahi Mas'Ud. Assessment of Health Status of the Elderly and Pre-elderly at a Malaysia Elderly Care Centre. International Journal of Integrated Engineering. 2018; 10 (7):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNurul Aini Bani; Mohamad Hassan; Hazilah Mad Kaidi; Nor Fazilah Mohd Hashim; Rudzidatul Akmam Dziyauddin; Rafizah Musa; Mohamed Azlan Suhot; Sahnius Usman; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Abdullahi Mas'Ud. 2018. "Assessment of Health Status of the Elderly and Pre-elderly at a Malaysia Elderly Care Centre." International Journal of Integrated Engineering 10, no. 7: 1.
Siti Armiza Mohd Aris; Siti Zura A. Jalil; Nurul Aini Bani; Hazilah Mad Kaidi; Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin. Statistical Feature Analysis of EEG Signals for Calmness Index Establishment. International Journal of Integrated Engineering 2018, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleSiti Armiza Mohd Aris, Siti Zura A. Jalil, Nurul Aini Bani, Hazilah Mad Kaidi, Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin. Statistical Feature Analysis of EEG Signals for Calmness Index Establishment. International Journal of Integrated Engineering. 2018; 10 (7):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiti Armiza Mohd Aris; Siti Zura A. Jalil; Nurul Aini Bani; Hazilah Mad Kaidi; Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin. 2018. "Statistical Feature Analysis of EEG Signals for Calmness Index Establishment." International Journal of Integrated Engineering 10, no. 7: 1.
Nurul Aini Bani; Mohamad Hassan; Hazilah Mad Kaidi; Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin; Shamsul Sarip; Ahmad Hadi Mohamed Rashidi; Safiza Saleh; Mohd Azri Mohd Izhar; Siti Armiza Mohd Aris; Siti Zura Abd Jalil. Feasibility Study of a Low Cost Saltwater Lamp for Rural Area. International Journal of Integrated Engineering 2018, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleNurul Aini Bani, Mohamad Hassan, Hazilah Mad Kaidi, Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin, Shamsul Sarip, Ahmad Hadi Mohamed Rashidi, Safiza Saleh, Mohd Azri Mohd Izhar, Siti Armiza Mohd Aris, Siti Zura Abd Jalil. Feasibility Study of a Low Cost Saltwater Lamp for Rural Area. International Journal of Integrated Engineering. 2018; 10 (7):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNurul Aini Bani; Mohamad Hassan; Hazilah Mad Kaidi; Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin; Shamsul Sarip; Ahmad Hadi Mohamed Rashidi; Safiza Saleh; Mohd Azri Mohd Izhar; Siti Armiza Mohd Aris; Siti Zura Abd Jalil. 2018. "Feasibility Study of a Low Cost Saltwater Lamp for Rural Area." International Journal of Integrated Engineering 10, no. 7: 1.
The adequacy of legal and regulatory framework relating to nuclear energy in Bangladesh has sparked many questions since the government took the formal decision to establish a nuclear power plant (NPP) at Rooppur. Consequently, the government has taken some measures to make a comprehensive and robust framework to ensure safe and secure nuclear energy production in the country. Even though these initiatives are highly appreciable, there remain certain regulatory concerns which this paper has attempted to reflect. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to showcase the recent legal and regulatory development of Bangladesh in relation to nuclear energy and to recommend further developments. The study was based on secondary sources where a doctrinal research was carried out to solve particular research questions. The safety and security of the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant will frankly rely on how the government of Bangladesh plans and learns to implement, design, safeguard, exchange and further develop nuclear energy related knowledge and talent around the country.
Ridoan Karim; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Mohammad Ershadul Karim; Abu Bakar Munir; Imtiaz Mohammad Sifat; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Nurul Aini Bani; Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin. Legal and Regulatory Development of Nuclear Energy in Bangladesh. Energies 2018, 11, 2847 .
AMA StyleRidoan Karim, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Mohammad Ershadul Karim, Abu Bakar Munir, Imtiaz Mohammad Sifat, Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar, Nurul Aini Bani, Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin. Legal and Regulatory Development of Nuclear Energy in Bangladesh. Energies. 2018; 11 (10):2847.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRidoan Karim; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Mohammad Ershadul Karim; Abu Bakar Munir; Imtiaz Mohammad Sifat; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Nurul Aini Bani; Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin. 2018. "Legal and Regulatory Development of Nuclear Energy in Bangladesh." Energies 11, no. 10: 2847.
Climate change poses profound threats to the Earth and its people. Its mitigation, therefore, demands common but differentiated actions with comprehensive and coordinated approach. The global community has pledged to mitigate various greenhouse gases in some international soft law instruments. Exploitation of renewables to generate energy and produce electricity is simultaneously suggested for the last couple of decades as a viable alternative in mitigating climate change. This gets momentum with the adoption of the historical and universally ratified Paris Agreement in 2016 where energy is placed at the heart of the Agreement. Energy, where renewable energy is a branch, is generally regulated and governed domestically and so, international legal regime is still evolving in this regard. In the absence of any specific and direct international instrument on energy and renewable energy, published literatures have considered this topic from different directions ranging from climate change to the principle of national sovereignty, economic, trade and investment issues. In this backdrop, this paper aims to introduce various renewable sources, prospects and challenges in their promotion that may help to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. Relevant international law provisions have been evaluated, performances of the relevant regional and international organizations active in this sector are highlighted and some of the disputes in this area considered in international forums are duly addressed. It is revealed that strong political will of the global community in fulfilling their commitments made so far in different international forums is the key to transforming the world into a better one for the future generation.
Ershadul Karim; Abu Bakar Munir; Mohammad Ataul Karim; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Nazmi Sellami; Nurul Aini Bani; Mohamad Zaki Hassan. Energy Revolution for Our Common Future: An Evaluation of the Emerging International Renewable Energy Law. Energies 2018, 11, 1769 .
AMA StyleErshadul Karim, Abu Bakar Munir, Mohammad Ataul Karim, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar, Nazmi Sellami, Nurul Aini Bani, Mohamad Zaki Hassan. Energy Revolution for Our Common Future: An Evaluation of the Emerging International Renewable Energy Law. Energies. 2018; 11 (7):1769.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErshadul Karim; Abu Bakar Munir; Mohammad Ataul Karim; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Nazmi Sellami; Nurul Aini Bani; Mohamad Zaki Hassan. 2018. "Energy Revolution for Our Common Future: An Evaluation of the Emerging International Renewable Energy Law." Energies 11, no. 7: 1769.
It is a challenging task for Bangladesh to meet its increasing demand of energy while its economy is rapidly growing. Though prices of oil, coal, and fossil fuels around the world have been volatile, the price trend in Bangladesh demonstrates a persistent rise in the immediate past. This is further exacerbated by depleting reserves of natural gas. Cumulatively, these two effects heighten Bangladesh’s energy needs. Bangladesh presently mitigates her energy requirements predominantly through natural gas, supplemented by a handful of coal and furnace oil plants. Consequently, due to scarcity of natural gas, oil and coal resources, nuclear power surfaces as a palatable strategic option for Bangladesh’s future development agenda. However, a successful nuclear power program entails an extensive infrastructure. Just like the other nuclear energy-producing countries, Bangladesh also face challenges to safeguard the health and security of nuclear reactors, the proper management for nuclear waste treatment and the security concerns over the safe usage of nuclear materials. Additionally, the development of nuclear energy is also bewildered because of the complex nature of fission technology, lack of efficient human resources, and non-existence of proper legal instruments to guide safe nuclear power production. Moreover, the further challenges include the questions, for example: whether the nuclear power plant project is supported by the mass people or not? What are the strategies for nuclear waste disposal? Whether the recent initiatives for nuclear energy production is necessary or the country should more concern with renewable sources? This paper evaluates the nuclear energy development in Bangladesh. It operates under qualitative methodological framework and utilises secondary sources for analysis. We advance several recommendations in this paper to remedy the highlighted issues: (1) creating a comprehensive legal and regulatory system; (2) fortifying home-based technology of nuclear development and simultaneously localising of foreign-based technology; (3) reducing the cost of nuclear energy production; (4) fast-tracking the procedure of efficient development of nuclear technology; (5) accelerating the procedure of switching to more efficient reactor and nuclear fuel cycle, and (6) conducting effective profile-raising activities to generate greater awareness and spur common acceptance.
Ridoan Karim; Mohammad Ershadul Karim; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Nurul Aini Bani; Abu Bakar Munir; Ahmed Imran Kabir; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud. Nuclear Energy Development in Bangladesh: A Study of Opportunities and Challenges. Energies 2018, 11, 1672 .
AMA StyleRidoan Karim, Mohammad Ershadul Karim, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar, Nurul Aini Bani, Abu Bakar Munir, Ahmed Imran Kabir, Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey, Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud. Nuclear Energy Development in Bangladesh: A Study of Opportunities and Challenges. Energies. 2018; 11 (7):1672.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRidoan Karim; Mohammad Ershadul Karim; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Nurul Aini Bani; Abu Bakar Munir; Ahmed Imran Kabir; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud. 2018. "Nuclear Energy Development in Bangladesh: A Study of Opportunities and Challenges." Energies 11, no. 7: 1672.
Partial discharges (PDs) are one of the most important classes of ageing processes that occur within electrical insulation. PD detection is a standardized technique to qualify the state of the insulation in electric assets such as machines and power cables. Generally, the classical phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns are used to perform the identification of the type of PD source when they are related to a specific degradation process and when the electrical noise level is low compared to the magnitudes of the PD signals. However, in practical applications such as measurements carried out in the field or in industrial environments, several PD sources and large noise signals are usually present simultaneously. In this study, three different inductive sensors have been used to evaluate and compare their performance in the detection and separation of multiple PD sources by applying the chromatic technique to each of the measured signals.
Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Johny Montaña; Bruno Albuquerque De Castro; Roger Schürch; José Alfredo Covolan Ulson; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Nurul Aini Bani. A Comparison of Inductive Sensors in the Characterization of Partial Discharges and Electrical Noise Using the Chromatic Technique. Sensors 2018, 18, 1021 .
AMA StyleJorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey, Johny Montaña, Bruno Albuquerque De Castro, Roger Schürch, José Alfredo Covolan Ulson, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Nurul Aini Bani. A Comparison of Inductive Sensors in the Characterization of Partial Discharges and Electrical Noise Using the Chromatic Technique. Sensors. 2018; 18 (4):1021.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Johny Montaña; Bruno Albuquerque De Castro; Roger Schürch; José Alfredo Covolan Ulson; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Nurul Aini Bani. 2018. "A Comparison of Inductive Sensors in the Characterization of Partial Discharges and Electrical Noise Using the Chromatic Technique." Sensors 18, no. 4: 1021.
The number of solar photovoltaic (PV) installations has been increasing worldwide but the high capital cost of installation continues to be the main challenge, particularly in many developing countries. The solar concentrator, a device that focuses the sunlight onto a small area, has the potential to minimize the use of expensive PV material while maintaining the system’s performance, ultimately bringing down its overall cost. This study aims to predict the annual electrical output of a specific concentrator design called the rotationally asymmetrical dielectric totally internally reflecting concentrator (RADTIRC). The aforementioned design is assumed to be installed in Berlin/Brandenburg, Germany. First, a short review of concentrators is provided. Next, a description of the RADTIRC and the previous research that revolved around it are provided. Afterwards, the key parameters that are needed to determine the annual electrical output of the RADTIRC are explained before presenting the results of the simulations. It was found that the yearly energy yield was increased by a factor of 2.29 when the RADTIRC-PV module was used when compared with the non-concentrating PV module.
Daria Freier; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez; Abu Bakar Munir; Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin; Nurul Aini Bani; Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Ershadul Karim. Annual Prediction Output of an RADTIRC-PV Module. Energies 2018, 11, 544 .
AMA StyleDaria Freier, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar, Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez, Abu Bakar Munir, Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, Nurul Aini Bani, Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud, Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey, Ershadul Karim. Annual Prediction Output of an RADTIRC-PV Module. Energies. 2018; 11 (3):544.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaria Freier; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez; Abu Bakar Munir; Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin; Nurul Aini Bani; Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Ershadul Karim. 2018. "Annual Prediction Output of an RADTIRC-PV Module." Energies 11, no. 3: 544.
This paper compared the capabilities of the artificial neural network (ANN) and the fuzzy logic (FL) approaches for recognizing and discriminating partial discharge (PD) fault classes. The training and testing parameters for the ANN and FL comprise statistical fingerprints from different phase-amplitude-number (φ-q-n) measurements. Two PD fault classes considered are internal discharges in voids and surface discharges. In the void class, there are single voids, serial voids and parallel voids in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), while the surface discharge class comprises four different surface discharge arrangements on pressboard in oil at different voltages and angular positioning of the ground electrode on the respective pressboards. Previously, the ANN and FL have been investigated for PD classification, but there is no work reported in the literature that compares their performance, specifically when applied for real time PD detection problem. As expected, both the ANN and FL can recognize PD defect classes, but the results show that the ANN appears to be more robust as compared to the FL, but these conclusions required to be further investigated with complex PD examples. Finally, both the ANN and FL were assessed as practical PD classification. Despite of the limitations of the ANN, it is concluded that the ANN is better suited for practical PD recognition because of its ability to provide accurate recognition values and the severity level of PD defects.
Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Ricardo Albarracín; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Nurul Aini Bani. Comparison of the Performance of Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic for Recognizing Different Partial Discharge Sources. Energies 2017, 10, 1060 .
AMA StyleAbdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud, Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey, Ricardo Albarracín, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Nurul Aini Bani. Comparison of the Performance of Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic for Recognizing Different Partial Discharge Sources. Energies. 2017; 10 (7):1060.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Ricardo Albarracín; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Nurul Aini Bani. 2017. "Comparison of the Performance of Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic for Recognizing Different Partial Discharge Sources." Energies 10, no. 7: 1060.
Wind energy has seen a tremendous growth for electricity generation worldwide and reached 456 GW by the end of June 2016. According to the World Wind Energy Association, global wind power will reach 500 GW by the end of 2016. Africa is a continent that possesses huge under-utilized wind potentials. Some African countries, e.g., Morocco, Egypt, Tunisia and South Africa, have already adopted wind as an alternative power generation source in their energy mix. Among these countries, South Africa has invested heavily in wind energy with operational wind farms supplying up to 26,000 GWh annually to the national grid. However, two African countries, i.e., Cameroon and Nigeria, have vast potentials, but currently are lagging behind in wind energy development. For Nigeria, there is slow implementation of renewable energy policy, with no visible operational wind farms; while Cameroon does not have any policy plan for wind power. These issues are severely hindering both direct foreign and local investments into the electricity sector. Cameroon and Nigeria have huge wind energy potentials with similar climatic conditions and can benefit greatly from the huge success recorded in South Africa in terms of policy implementation, research, development and technical considerations. Therefore, this paper reviews the wind energy potentials, policies and future renewable energy road-maps in Cameroon and Nigeria and identifies their strength and weakness, as well as providing necessary actions for future improvement that South Africa has already adopted.
Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Asan Vernyuy Wirba; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Ricardo Albarracín; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Álvaro Jaramillo Duque; Nurul Aini Bani; Abu Bakar Munir. Wind Power Potentials in Cameroon and Nigeria: Lessons from South Africa. Energies 2017, 10, 443 .
AMA StyleAbdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud, Asan Vernyuy Wirba, Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey, Ricardo Albarracín, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Álvaro Jaramillo Duque, Nurul Aini Bani, Abu Bakar Munir. Wind Power Potentials in Cameroon and Nigeria: Lessons from South Africa. Energies. 2017; 10 (4):443.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Asan Vernyuy Wirba; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Ricardo Albarracín; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Álvaro Jaramillo Duque; Nurul Aini Bani; Abu Bakar Munir. 2017. "Wind Power Potentials in Cameroon and Nigeria: Lessons from South Africa." Energies 10, no. 4: 443.
Making housing carbon neutral is one of the European Union (EU) targets with the aim to reduce energy consumption and to increase on-site renewable energy generation in the domestic sector. Optical concentrators have a strong potential to minimise the cost of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems by replacing expensive photovoltaic (PV) material whilst maintaining the same electrical output. In this work, the performance of a recently patented optical concentrator known as the rotationally asymmetrical dielectric totally internally reflective concentrator (RADTIRC) was analysed under direct and diffuse light conditions. The RADTIRC has a geometrical concentration gain of 4.969 and two half acceptance angles of ±40° and ±30° respectively along the two axes. Simulation and experimental work has been carried out to determine the optical concentration gain and the angular response of the concentrator. It was found that the RADTIRC has an optical concentration gain of 4.66 under direct irradiance and 1.94 under diffuse irradiance. The experimental results for the single concentrator showed a reduction in concentration gain of 4.2% when compared with simulation data
Daria Freier; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez; Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Ricardo Albarracín; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Abu Bakar Munir; Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin; Nurul Aini Bani. Software simulation and experimental characterisation of a rotationally asymmetrical concentrator under direct and diffuse solar radiation. Energy Conversion and Management 2016, 122, 223 -238.
AMA StyleDaria Freier, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar, Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez, Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud, Ricardo Albarracín, Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey, Abu Bakar Munir, Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, Nurul Aini Bani. Software simulation and experimental characterisation of a rotationally asymmetrical concentrator under direct and diffuse solar radiation. Energy Conversion and Management. 2016; 122 ():223-238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaria Freier; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar; Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez; Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’Ud; Ricardo Albarracín; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Abu Bakar Munir; Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin; Nurul Aini Bani. 2016. "Software simulation and experimental characterisation of a rotationally asymmetrical concentrator under direct and diffuse solar radiation." Energy Conversion and Management 122, no. : 223-238.