The aim of the work was to examine the influence of cover crops with the application of microbiological fertilizer on the nutritional properties and antioxidant activity of sweet corn as a response to the resulting climate changes. In the two-year research results (2014-2016), significant differences were found in the content of phenol, vitamin C, glutathione and protein. The average phenol content in the grain in the first examined year varied from 317.21 μg g-1 to 574.40 μg g-1, while in the second year it was measured from 842.98 μg g-1 to 1825.13 μg g-1. Common vetch (1777.02 μg g-1) and winter fodder pea (1251.68 μg g-1) showed the best results among cover crops, while microbiological fertilizers had no statistically significant effect. The average content of vitamin C was higher in the first year, especially in common vetch (30.80%) and the mixture of vetch with winter oats (32.56%) with the application of fertilizers. Winter forage kale showed superiority in terms of glutathione content, with average values ​​from 1543.31 mmol g-1 to 1619.58 mmol g-1. A significant difference in glutathione content was observed in the second year in the mixture of common vetch and oats with fertilizer (1561.01 mmol g-1), compared to the same variety without fertilizer (762.40 mmol g-1). Common vetch as a cover crop showed an advantage in kernel protein content (11.68%), as well as a mixture of winter fodder peas and oats (11.64%). These results indicate the potential of cover crops to improve the nutritional quality of sweet corn.

Creating wheat genotypes characterized by high grain yield, high protein content, and favorable amino acid composition is the main goal of breeders, especially in developing countries where wheat is a staple food. An experiment with 20 wheat genotypes, released through breeding activities in the Serbian region at different periods and adapted to its pedoclimatic conditions, was conducted with the aim of determining the genetic potential of the analyzed genotypes for grain yield and quality. Due to the divergence of the examined wheat germplasm, the factor of genotype had the largest share in the variation of all yield parameters (>66%). The genotypes Zadruga and Agrounija exhibited superior abilities for overall grain yield. Also, genotype Zadruga stood out in a distinct cluster group due to high values of both thousand grain weight and grain yield per plant. A continuous improvement in protein content was found, with newer genotypes having 17.13% higher protein content compared with older genotypes. Genotype Sloga stood out with the highest protein content (13.93%). On the other hand, the old genotype Balkan was distinguished by the highest content of nonessential amino acids (61.5 g 100 g⁻¹ protein), which makes it a good genetic resource. Genotypes Agrounija (32.62 g 100 g⁻¹ protein) and Tanjugovka (32.47 g 100 g⁻¹ protein) had the highest content of essential amino acids. The highest AAS value was established for tryptophan (1.81) and the lowest for lysine (0.61). Genotypes Tanjugovka and Zadruga had the highest AAS, i.e., protein completeness. The genotypes Zadruga, Tanjugovka, Agrounija, and Sloga have demonstrated high-yield capacity and possess a favorable amino acid profile, making them promising candidates for enhancing the nutritional quality of wheat and potentially benefiting human health.

Maize production is increasingly challenged by climate variability, making the optimization of genotype choice and sowing density essential for stable yields. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of sowing density (SD I, SD II, SD III), genotype (ZP 434, NS 4023, ZP 555, NS 5051, ZP 666, NS 6030), and climatic conditions on maize grain yield and its main components (number of grain rows per cob, thousand kernel weight, number of plants at harvest) over four consecutive years (2014-2017). The AMMI model was used to quantify the contribution of genotype (G), environment (E), and their interaction (G×E) to yield variability. Results showed that the highest yields were recorded in 2016 under favorable climatic conditions, with hybrids ZP 555 (15.07 t ha^-1) and NS 5051 (14.68 t ha^-1), while the lowest yields occurred in 2015 due to drought and high summer temperatures, particularly at higher sowing density (SD I), with NS 5051 yielding only 5.73 t ha^-1. The environment accounted for 83.56% of yield variability, whereas the G×E interaction explained 12.26%. Hybrids ZP 555 and NS 5051 exhibited the greatest yield stability. Lower sowing density (SD III) proved advantageous under dry conditions, whereas higher density (SD I) was optimal in favorable years. Grain yield was strongly correlated with the number of grain rows (r = 0.75**) and thousand kernel weight (r = 0.73**). These findings provide valuable insights into hybrid performance under variable climates and offer practical recommendations for optimizing hybrid selection and sowing density to improve maize adaptation to climate change.

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), as one of the most important vegetable crops, requires continuous work on the selection of new varieties and hybrids with greater genetic potential for fertility, and the introduction of new cultivation technologies, all to satisfy human needs. In the first year of research, after crossing two parental components based on sterile lines, hybrid seeds of experimental hybrids were produced. A comparative experiment was set up in the greenhouse of the Institute for Vegetable Crops Smederevska Palanka in 2023 to create new pepper hybrids, which are characterized by fruits for different purposes. Of the seven experimental hybrid combinations, one is selected (LPK027 x HM6) for its potential morphological features (fruit weight and number of fruits per plant) as the main components of yield and high content of dry matter and was reported to the Commission for the Recognition of New Varieties in 2024 under the name Katja F1.

During the three-year field trials (2017, 2018 and 2019), 9 maize hybrids of different FAO maturity groups (400-600) were tested. The experiment was set up in three locations - three types of soil, in the Jablanica district, to recommend hybrids for the studied area based on the yield obtained, depending on soil type and the year of cultivation. During the three-year research, the hybrids achieved the highest average yields in 2018, when the amount and distribution of precipitation were most favourable, while the lowest average yield was obtained in 2017, when the amount of rainfall was insufficient during critical development stages. The highest average yields were produced on an alluvium soil, in the area of Leskovac (12.418 t ha-1), and the lowest on parapodzol, in the village of Orašje (8.672 t ha-1). The highest average grain yields in 2017, 2018 and 2019 were achieved by the hybrids ZP 560 (12.820 t ha-1), ZP 606 (15.569 t ha-1) and ZP 560 (14.863 t ha-1), respectively. The higher yields in 2018 can be attributed to higher amounts and a more favourable distribution of precipitation during the growing season than under the agroclimatic conditions in 2017 and 2019.

The results of the study of the influence of fertilization and calcification on the yield and yield components of winter triticale grown on low pH soil are presented in this paper. Five variants of fertilization were tested during three growing seasons. Trial treatments included different fertilization variants: V1-control, V2-N120, V3-N120P80K60, V4-N120P80K60 + 5 t ha- 1 of lime and V5-N120P80K60 + 5 t ha-1 of lime + 30 t ha-1 of manure. The results of the research showed that all yield components responded positively to the application of mineral nutrition by changing the production characteristics and grain quality. The variant with the combined application of NPK, lime and manure had the greatest positive effect on all tested parameters affecting triticale productivity. During the study, the highest yield of triticale 5.826 t ha-1 was obtained on the fertilization variant with the combined application of lime, manure and NPK fertilizers. The achieved increase in the grain yield of triticale was significant compared to the control and the NPK variant of fertilization. Highly significant positive dependencies were found between the grain yield with 1000-grain weight, and test weight and significant positive dependencies were found between 1000-grain weight and test weight. The research highlighted the impact of different fertilizer treatments on the yield and grain quality traits of winter triticale.