The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the effects of fertilization, environment, and their interactions on the thousand grain weight (TGW), hectolitre weight (HW) and grain yield (GY) of winter triticale, and (2) the correlations between these traits in different environments. The invariable nitrogen (80 kg N ha⁻¹), potassium (60 kg K₂O ha⁻¹) and two phosphorus (60 and 100 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) doses were used in Kragujevac location in central Serbia. Nitrogen was applied individually and in combination with two phosphorus rates and one rate of potassium fertilizer. Eight fertilization treatment controls and N₈₀, P₆₀, P₁₀₀, N₈₀P₆₀K₆₀, N₈₀P₁₀₀K₆₀, N₈₀P₆₀ and N₈₀P₁₀₀ were examined during three growing seasons. The yield and quality of triticale significantly varied across years and treatments. The average yield of all treatments in the 2015 growing season was significantly greater than in the previous years (3.597 t ha⁻¹). Combined usage of NPK fertilizer (80 kg N ha⁻¹, 100 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ and 60 kg K₂O ha⁻¹) represented the excellent base for optimum supply of major nutrients, resulting in maximum GY (4.0 t ha⁻¹). Negative and significant correlation was found between grain GY and TGW (−0.392^*) in 2015, and positive highly significant correlation were in 2013 (0.648^**) and 2014 (0.493^**). The positive effect over complete application of fertilizer is the result of a lower pH value of the soil, as well as the low content of available phosphorus and potassium in Vertisol soil type. Optimizing fertilization for maximum profitability is of great importance in the future triticale production in Pannonian Environments.

The effect of year on grain yield and certain yield components essential for wheat yield's quality depends on agro-ecological conditions of the growing area and applied agrotechnical measures. A two-year experiment was conducted at six locations: Kikinda, Novi Sad, Pančevo, Sremska Mitrovica, Kruševac and Požarevac, using the block system, in four replications. In this study, seven winter wheat commercial varieties obtained from several seed companies were evaluated. The highest total wheat grain yield was achieved by the variety NS 40 S (8.824 kg ha-1), followed by NS Renesansa (8.817 kg ha-1), i.e. PKB Imperija (8.343 kg ha-1), while the lowest grain yield of 7.564 kg ha-1 was achieved by the variety PKB Talas. The highest average 1000 grain weight was found at Sremska Mitrovica (35,12 g), followed by Požarevac (35,09 g), i.e. Pančevo (34,98 g), while the lowest 1000 grain weight of 34,25 g was evidenced at the Kruševac experimental site.

Triticale is a new type of real grain, which was created by the breeding and selection of a man. This species deserves more and more attention from both domestic producers and producers on a global scale because it encompassed all the positive properties of wheat and rye. The paper clearly presents the knowledge about the importance, nutritional value and application of triticale and the effect of its usage in a diet of monogastric animals. The variety of uses, appropriate chemical composition, acceptable and studied breeding technology, classifies triticale as an irreplaceable source of energy and protein needs of animals. Due to its multiple usages: for grain, fodder and as a raw material for biofuel, contributes to the economic sustainability of crop production. The needs of this plant at the level of agrotechnical investments are less than in other cereals, so triticale is increasingly presented in organic and sustainable agricultural production.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) became an "absolute hit" on the world market, thanks to its economic importance. Oil and various products with a high percentage of protein are obtained by processing soybeans, which are used in the nutrition of domestic animals and human nutrition as raw materials in various industries. Namely, its importance is reflected in the composition of the grain, i.e. 45% protein, 20-22% oil, 20-26% carbohydrates, 5% minerals (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulphur, magnesium, etc.) and many vitamins (mainly A and B) (Yalçin 2018). Zhang et al. (2013) state that soy proteins contain high-quality amino acids, which, in terms of quality and importance, can be a substitute for meat proteins in the diet, especially for vegetarians. Soybean oils are multi-beneficial for diets lacking in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Soybean oil is characterised by a good ratio of fatty acids, namely: unsaturated linoleic, oleic and linolenic acids, and as representatives of saturated fatty acids: palmitic and stearic acids (Wang et al. 2019).

The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of the year and the seed lots on the most important indicators of cabbage seed quality. Quality testing of nine different seed lots of Potomac F1 cabbage was performed during three years (2019, 2020 and 2021). Analyses of variance showed a significant effect (p<0.01) of the year (Y), while seed lot (L) and their interaction (Y × L) showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on all observed parameters quality (germination energy, total germination, abnormal seedlings and dead seeds). The strongest correlation between the examined parameters was in the first year and weakened in the second and third years. In the first year as expected, significant positive correlation between germination energy and total germination was found (r = 0.84779, p<0.01). The highly and negative interdependence was achieved between total germination and dead seeds (r = - 0.94363, p<0.001) and abnormal seedlings (r = -0.78019, p<0.05). Also negative interdependence was found between germination energy and dead seeds (r = -0.80000, p<0.01) and abnormal seedlings (r = -0.66144, p<0.05). The germination energy and the total germination of the cabbage seeds considered were found to decrease with the increasing seed age, in contrast to the numbers of their abnormal seedlings and dead seeds which continued to increase with seed aging. The obtained results indicate that the germination of highly hybrid conventional cabbage seeds decreases significantly during aging, as a direct consequence of a very significant increase in the number of abnormal seedlings.