The increasing number of owned and stray dogs in large cities is becoming a pressing issue due to rising population densities, urban conditions, and poor control over animal reproduction. This situation poses serious epidemiological risks, as dogs can act as reservoirs and transmitters of infectious and parasitic diseases dangerous to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and carriage of infectious and parasitic diseases in stray dogs in the city of Uralsk as a factor of epidemiological risk. In 2024, 1213 stray dogs were captured from different city districts and examined at the veterinary clinic and laboratory of Zhangir Khan University. Biological samples (blood, urine, feces) from 10% of the animals were analyzed using molecular (PCR), serological (ELISA), and helminthological methods. Serological and molecular analyses revealed the widespread circulation of bacterial pathogens. Antibodies to additional bacterial agents, including Pasteurella multocida, Mycobacterium spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Leptospira spp., were detected in the samples, indicating an unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological situation in the urban environment. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) identified antibodies against Toxocara canis in 50.9% of the dogs and against Echinococcus granulosus in 76.4%, reflecting both active and past infections. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed the presence of Brucella canis DNA in blood and urine samples, while antibodies to Brucella spp. were detected in 57.8% of the examined dogs, underscoring the significant zooanthroponotic importance of this pathogen and its potential threat to human health. Additionally, T. canis DNA was found in 39.2% of the samples and E. granulosus DNA in 16.6%. A helminthological examination using the Fülleborn method revealed a high rate of helminth infection: Ancylostoma caninum—35.3%, T. canis—32.3%, and Toxascaris leonina—29.4%. The obtained results highlight the significant role of stray dogs as epizootiological and epidemiological reservoirs of zooanthroponotic infections. This poses a serious threat to public health and necessitates the implementation of effective control and prevention measures for infectious and parasitic diseases within urban fauna.

A study on the study of the qualitative assessment of the behavior of dairy cattle according to the VAS system (visual analog scale) was conducted in the LLP "Agrofirme "AKAS", located in the West Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to research, it follows that different seasons of time affect the conditions of detention in different ways. So, for the maintenance of cows in the summer, the distance of avoidance at the feeding site according to test 1 and 2 is within 3 meters, whereas in spring and autumn it was 2 meters. The difference between the reference norm and the household ration has been determined, from which it follows that the feeding ration of the farm corresponds to the norm of 12 kg of milk yield per head per day. The vitamin and mineral premix developed by us includes vitamins, minerals, including macro-microelements. The premix also includes components in the following ratio: phosphorus (P) – 5% of monocalcium phosphate, vitamin A – 1.2% of rovimix A 1000, vitamin D3 – 0.64% of rovimix D3, vitamin E – 16% of rovimix E-50, manganese (Mn) – 22.2%, copper (Cu) – 9%, zinc (Zn) – 19%, iodine (I) – 0.28%, selenium (Se) – 7.65 and cobalt (Co) – 0.14%, and feed chalk – 5% and chickpea flour – 13.89% are used as fillers as a source of calcium (Ca).. The average daily milk yield at the beginning of the experiment in both study groups was in the range of 10.6-10.8 kg. At the end of the experiment, the average daily milk yield in animals receiving premix exceeded their peers from the control group by 1.4 kg or 1.6%. According to the chemical composition of milk, the indicators of fat, protein and lactose were higher in the cows of the experimental group compared with the peers of the control group (for fat – 3.92>3.37, for protein – 3.32>3.23, for lactose - 4.16>4.01).

The frequent spread of intestinal worms among carnivorous animals is found in a number of diseases that are dangerous to the human body. Intestinal worming infection rates are high among stray cats and dogs as well as domesticated animals. In the research work, studies were conducted to differentiate intestinal worming in cats brought in from micro-districts of Uralsk, West Kazakhstan region. The results of the studies determined the extent of intestinal worming among cats, their species composition, seasonal dynamics of infections and the level of the age of the disease. The city of Uralsk revealed a widespread of cat helminth infections. (IE- 36.1%). By intestinal helminth infestation, the primary toxocariasis Toxocara mystax) is 19,7%, and by spread toxocariasis (Toxascaris leonina) is 12,4%. The degree of the extensiveness of infestation, depending on the time of the year, was determined; it was found that in summer and autumn, the infestation reaches a high degree of extensiveness. It was found that intestinal worm infestation in cats is associated with age. Toxocariasis is more common in 6-month-old cats. And with age, the incidence of this worming disease decreases significantly. In cats over five years old, this worming disease is sporadic.

Неконтролируемое количество бродячих животных влияет на распространение инфекционных и инвазионных болезней, что без сомнения влияет на заболеваемость людей. Борьба с инфекционными и инвазионными болезнями зависит от контроля численности собак. К росту численности приводит низкий уровень стерилизации, наличие повсеместно доступного корма и убежищ. Безнадзорные животные ухудшают санитарно-эпидемиологическую обстановку в городах. Цель наших исследований – изучить эпизоотологическую ситуацию по инфекционным и инвазионным болезням и агрессивного поведения собак в г. Уральске. Для реализации поставленной цели был проведён анализ отчётности ветеринарной инспекции г. Уральска, данных РГУ Уральского городского управления санитарно-эпидемиологического контроля за период 2020-2024 гг. Диагностику инвазированности животных паразитарными болезнями проводили в ветеринарной клинике «Жардем Вет» ЗКАТУ им. Жангир хана методами гельминтоовоскопических исследований фекалий по Фюллеборну, полным гельминтологическим вскрытием по К.И. Скрябину. По данным ветеринарной инспекции г. Уральска и РГУ «Уральское городское управление санитарно-эпидемиологического контроля» за последние 5 лет (2020-2024 гг) зарегистрировано 5719 случаев нападения и покуса людей собаками и 2 случая выявления бешенства у собак. По данным ГУ «Управление ветеринарии Западно-Казахстанской области» в г. Уральске за 2019 – 2024 годы проведена вакцинация 127480 собак против бешенства. Эпизоотическая ситуация по паразитарным болезням собак в условиях городов довольно напряжённая. При обследовании собак были обнаружены восемь видов гельминтов, относящихся к классу, трематода, цестода и нематода. Часто встречаются эктопаразиты такие, как нотоедроз, саркоптоз, отодектоз, демодекоз. Широкое распространение паразитозов у собак обусловлено увеличением популяции бродячих собак.

Сүтті мал шаруашылығының тиімділігі көбінесе жануарлардың репродуктивтік денсаулығына байланысты, өйткені ол көбею көрсеткіштеріне, табынның өнімділігіне және саланың экономикалық тиімділігіне тікелей әсер етеді. Зерттеудің мақсаты сиырлардың репродуктивтік функциясын, гинекологиялық статусын және физиологиялық-биохимиялық көрсеткіштерін кешенді бағалау, сондай-ақ репродуктивтік жүйенің кең таралған патологиялары кезінде жүргізілген емдікпрофилактикалық шаралардың тиімділігін анықтау болды. Зерттеулер Батыс Қазақстан облысындағы «Аманат» шаруа қожалығында жүргізілді. Жануарлардың жағдайын бағалау үшін клиникалық тексеру әдістері, ректальды диагностика, ультрадыбыстық зерттеу және қанның биохимиялық талдауы қолданылды. Репродуктивтік жағдай мониторингі 372 сиырда жүргізілді, эндометритке шалдыққан 9 жануарға биохимиялық зерттеулер жүргізілді, ал фолликулогенез параметрлері 50 сиырда зерттелді. Зерттеу нәтижесінде ең жиі кездесетін патология эндометрит (8,3%) екені анықталды, ал фолликулярлық кисталар мен аналық бездердің гипофункциясы едәуір сирек тіркелді. Жүргізілген емдік-профилактикалық шаралар қанның биохимиялық көрсеткіштерінің қалыпқа келуіне және жануарлардың репродуктивтік функциясының қалпына келуіне ықпал етті. Ультрадыбыстық зерттеулер жыныстық қозуды және овуляцияны индукциялаудың жоғары тиімділігін растады. Алынған нәтижелер сүтті мал шаруашылығындағы көбею тиімділігі мен өнімділікті арттыру үшін жануарлардың репродуктивтік жағдайын жүйелі түрде бақылаудың қажеттілігін дәлелдейді.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of each animal and its reproductive function. The habitusand condition of the reproductive system were determined based on the results of rectal and ultrasound examinations. The general condition of animals with reproductive organ pathologies is normal, appetite is preserved, and in most cases, body temperature, pulse rate, and respiration are within physiological limits.During external examination, the general configuration of the rump, the condition of the vulvar mucosa, and the presence of discharge from the genital slit were determined. Vaginal examinationsrevealed that the vaginal mucosa was pink in color, with slight hyperemia and edema. The vaginal cavity contained whitish, liquid-like mucous exudate. During rectal examination in non-pregnant cows, the uterus was located longitudinally in the middle of the pelvic cavity and the cervix was palpable. There was also fluid in the uterine cavity, asymmetry, enlargement of the uterine horns, edema, absence of contractile function of the uterine walls, and the presence of a persistent corpus luteum in the ovaries. During the examination of cows with reproductive organ pathologies, a decrease in the contractile ability of the uterine walls was noted.The density, size, surface condition, and consistency of the ovaries were determined. The following changes indicating pathology were observed: enlargement, reduction, bumpiness, pronounced density Summarizing the results, it can be stated that ultrasound scanning is an indispensable stage in gynecological screening of cows for the diagnosis and differentiation of reproductive organ diseases