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The buildings sector is one of the least sustainable activities in the world, accounting for around 40% of the total global energy demand. With the aim to reduce the environmental impact of this sector, the use of renewable energy sources coupled with energy storage systems in buildings has been investigated in recent years. Innovative solutions for cooling, heating, and domestic hot water in buildings can contribute to the buildings’ decarbonization by achieving a reduction of building electrical consumption needed to keep comfortable conditions. However, the environmental impact of a new system is not only related to its electrical consumption from the grid, but also to the environmental load produced in the manufacturing and disposal stages of system components. This study investigates the environmental impact of an innovative system proposed for residential buildings in Mediterranean climate through a life cycle assessment. The results show that, due to the complexity of the system, the manufacturing and disposal stages have a high environmental impact, which is not compensated by the reduction of the impact during the operational stage. A parametric study was also performed to investigate the effect of the design of the storage system on the overall system impact.
Gabriel Zsembinszki; Noelia Llantoy; Valeria Palomba; Andrea Frazzica; Mattia Dallapiccola; Federico Trentin; Luisa Cabeza. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of an Innovative Compact Hybrid Electrical-Thermal Storage System for Residential Buildings in Mediterranean Climate. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5322 .
AMA StyleGabriel Zsembinszki, Noelia Llantoy, Valeria Palomba, Andrea Frazzica, Mattia Dallapiccola, Federico Trentin, Luisa Cabeza. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of an Innovative Compact Hybrid Electrical-Thermal Storage System for Residential Buildings in Mediterranean Climate. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5322.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabriel Zsembinszki; Noelia Llantoy; Valeria Palomba; Andrea Frazzica; Mattia Dallapiccola; Federico Trentin; Luisa Cabeza. 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of an Innovative Compact Hybrid Electrical-Thermal Storage System for Residential Buildings in Mediterranean Climate." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5322.
The need for innovative heating and cooling systems to decarbonize the building sector is widely recognized. It is especially important to increase the share of renewables at building level by maximizing self-consumption and reducing the primary energy demand. Accordingly, in the present paper, the results on a wide experimental campaign on a hybrid system are discussed. The system included a sorption module working as the topping cycle in a cascade configuration with a DC-driven vapor compression heat pump. A three-fluids heat exchanger with a phase change material (PCM), i.e., RT4 with nominal melting temperature of 4 °C, was installed on the evaporator side of the heat pump, for simultaneous operation as thermal storage and heat pumping purposes. The heat pump was connected to a DC-bus that included PV connection and electricity storage (batteries). Results showed that the energy efficiency of the heat pump in cascade operation was double compared to compression-only configuration and that, when simultaneously charging and discharging the latent storage in cascade configuration, no penalization in terms of efficiency compared to the compression-only configuration was measured. The self-sufficiency of the system was evaluated for three reference weeks in summer conditions of Athens climate and it was found that up to 100% of the electricity needed to drive the system could be self-produced for a modest cooling demand and up to 67% for the warmer conditions with high cooling demand.
Valeria Palomba; Antonino Bonanno; Giovanni Brunaccini; Davide Aloisio; Francesco Sergi; Giuseppe Dino; Efstratios Varvaggiannis; Sotirios Karellas; Birgo Nitsch; Andreas Strehlow; André Groβe; Ralph Herrmann; Nikolaos Barmparitsas; Nelson Koch; David Vérez; Luisa Cabeza; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Andrea Frazzica. Hybrid Cascade Heat Pump and Thermal-Electric Energy Storage System for Residential Buildings: Experimental Testing and Performance Analysis. Energies 2021, 14, 2580 .
AMA StyleValeria Palomba, Antonino Bonanno, Giovanni Brunaccini, Davide Aloisio, Francesco Sergi, Giuseppe Dino, Efstratios Varvaggiannis, Sotirios Karellas, Birgo Nitsch, Andreas Strehlow, André Groβe, Ralph Herrmann, Nikolaos Barmparitsas, Nelson Koch, David Vérez, Luisa Cabeza, Gabriel Zsembinszki, Andrea Frazzica. Hybrid Cascade Heat Pump and Thermal-Electric Energy Storage System for Residential Buildings: Experimental Testing and Performance Analysis. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2580.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Palomba; Antonino Bonanno; Giovanni Brunaccini; Davide Aloisio; Francesco Sergi; Giuseppe Dino; Efstratios Varvaggiannis; Sotirios Karellas; Birgo Nitsch; Andreas Strehlow; André Groβe; Ralph Herrmann; Nikolaos Barmparitsas; Nelson Koch; David Vérez; Luisa Cabeza; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Andrea Frazzica. 2021. "Hybrid Cascade Heat Pump and Thermal-Electric Energy Storage System for Residential Buildings: Experimental Testing and Performance Analysis." Energies 14, no. 9: 2580.
In this study, the development and comparative characterization of different composite sorbents for thermal energy storage applications is reported. Two different applications were targeted, namely, low-temperature space heating (SH) and domestic hot water (DHW) provision. From a literature analysis, the most promising hygroscopic salts were selected for these conditions, being LiCl for SH and LiBr for DHW. Furthermore, two mesoporous silica gel matrixes and a macroporous vermiculite were acquired to prepare the composites. A complete characterization was performed by investigating the porous structure of the composites before and after impregnation, through N2 physisorption, as well as checking the phase composition of the composites at different temperatures through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, sorption equilibrium curves were measured in water vapor atmosphere to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the samples and a detailed calorimetric analysis was carried out to evaluate the reaction evolution under real operating conditions as well as the sorption heat of each sample. The results demonstrated a slower reaction kinetic in the vermiculite-based composites, due to the larger size of salt grains embedded in the pores, while promising volumetric storage densities of 0.7 GJ/m3 and 0.4 GJ/m3 in silica gel-based composites were achieved for SH and DHW applications, respectively.
Vincenza Brancato; Larisa Gordeeva; Angela Caprì; Alexandra Grekova; Andrea Frazzica. Experimental Comparison of Innovative Composite Sorbents for Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water Storage. Crystals 2021, 11, 476 .
AMA StyleVincenza Brancato, Larisa Gordeeva, Angela Caprì, Alexandra Grekova, Andrea Frazzica. Experimental Comparison of Innovative Composite Sorbents for Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water Storage. Crystals. 2021; 11 (5):476.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVincenza Brancato; Larisa Gordeeva; Angela Caprì; Alexandra Grekova; Andrea Frazzica. 2021. "Experimental Comparison of Innovative Composite Sorbents for Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water Storage." Crystals 11, no. 5: 476.
With the aim of contributing to achieving the decarbonization of the energy sector, the environmental impact of an innovative system to produce heating and domestic hot water for heating demand-dominated climates is assessed is evaluated. The evaluation is conducted using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and the ReCiPe and IPCC GWP indicators for the manufacturing and operation stages, and comparing the system to a reference one. Results show that the innovative system has a lower overall impact than the reference one. Moreover, a parametric study to evaluate the impact of the refrigerant is carried out, showing that the impact of the overall systems is not affected if the amount of refrigerant or the impact of refrigerant is increased.
Noelia Llantoy; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Valeria Palomba; Andrea Frazzica; Mattia Dallapiccola; Federico Trentin; Luisa Cabeza. Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Hybrid Energy Storage System for Residential Buildings in Continental Climates. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3820 .
AMA StyleNoelia Llantoy, Gabriel Zsembinszki, Valeria Palomba, Andrea Frazzica, Mattia Dallapiccola, Federico Trentin, Luisa Cabeza. Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Hybrid Energy Storage System for Residential Buildings in Continental Climates. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):3820.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoelia Llantoy; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Valeria Palomba; Andrea Frazzica; Mattia Dallapiccola; Federico Trentin; Luisa Cabeza. 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Hybrid Energy Storage System for Residential Buildings in Continental Climates." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 3820.
The present work aims at the thermodynamic analysis of different working pairs in adsorption heat transformers (AdHT) for low-temperature waste heat upgrade in industrial processes. Two different AdHT configurations have been simulated, namely with and without heat recovery between the adsorbent beds. Ten working pairs, employing different adsorbent materials and four different refrigerants, have been compared at varying working boundary conditions. The effects of heat recovery and the presence of a temperature gradient for heat transfer between sinks/sources and the AdHT components have been analyzed. The achieved results demonstrate the possibility of increasing the overall performance when internal heat recovery is implemented. They also highlight the relevant role played by the existing temperature gradient between heat transfer fluids and components, that strongly affect the real operating cycle of the AdHT and thus its expected performance. Both extremely low, i.e., 40–50 °C, and low (i.e., 80 °C) waste heat source temperatures were investigated at variable ambient temperatures, evaluating the achievable COP and specific energy. The main results demonstrate that optimal performance can be achieved when 40–50 K of temperature difference between waste heat source and ambient temperature are guaranteed. Furthermore, composite sorbents demonstrated to be the most promising adsorbent materials for this application, given their high sorption capacity compared to pure adsorbents, which is reflected in much higher achievable specific energy.
Andrea Frazzica; Valeria Palomba; Belal Dawoud. Thermodynamic Performance of Adsorption Working Pairs for Low-Temperature Waste Heat Upgrading in Industrial Applications. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3389 .
AMA StyleAndrea Frazzica, Valeria Palomba, Belal Dawoud. Thermodynamic Performance of Adsorption Working Pairs for Low-Temperature Waste Heat Upgrading in Industrial Applications. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (8):3389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Frazzica; Valeria Palomba; Belal Dawoud. 2021. "Thermodynamic Performance of Adsorption Working Pairs for Low-Temperature Waste Heat Upgrading in Industrial Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8: 3389.
This chapter focuses on the experimental characterization techniques commonly employed to get a deep understanding of the thermal energy storage (TES) materials properties. In particular, experimental methodologies available to characterize thermophysical parameters qualifying both thermodynamic and dynamic performance of TES materials are discussed, trying to highlight pros and cons. The analysis is performed for the three TES categories, sensible, latent and thermochemical, representing a contribution toward the proper selection of experimental techniques at material level.
Andrea Frazzica. Materials for Thermal Energy Storage: Characterization. Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAndrea Frazzica. Materials for Thermal Energy Storage: Characterization. Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Frazzica. 2021. "Materials for Thermal Energy Storage: Characterization." Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences , no. : 1.
Increasing the energy efficiency of residential and non-residential buildings is a crucial point towards the development of the sustainable cities of the future. To reach such a goal, the commonly employed intervention measures (for instance, on facades and glass) are not sufficient and efforts in reaching a fully renewable energy generation are mandatory. In this context, this paper discusses the applicability of a system with solar and biomass as the main energy sources in different climates for heating, cooling, domestic hot water and electricity generation in office buildings. The energy system includes solar thermal collectors with thermoelectric generators, a biomass boiler, a reversible heat pump/organic Rankine cycle and an adsorption chiller. The results showed that the system can operate with a share of renewables higher than 70% for all energy needs, with up to 80% of the overall energy demand supplied only by solar and biomass sources even in the northern locations.
Valeria Palomba; Emiliano Borri; Antonios Charalampidis; Andrea Frazzica; Sotirios Karellas; Luisa Cabeza. An Innovative Solar-Biomass Energy System to Increase the Share of Renewables in Office Buildings. Energies 2021, 14, 914 .
AMA StyleValeria Palomba, Emiliano Borri, Antonios Charalampidis, Andrea Frazzica, Sotirios Karellas, Luisa Cabeza. An Innovative Solar-Biomass Energy System to Increase the Share of Renewables in Office Buildings. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):914.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Palomba; Emiliano Borri; Antonios Charalampidis; Andrea Frazzica; Sotirios Karellas; Luisa Cabeza. 2021. "An Innovative Solar-Biomass Energy System to Increase the Share of Renewables in Office Buildings." Energies 14, no. 4: 914.
The growing efforts for the development of clean and efficient energy systems require the use of a multi-disciplinary approach and the integration of multiple generation appliances. Among the fields that can be considered enabling technologies, adsorption systems for air conditioning and thermal energy storages, are constantly increasing their maturity. However, for a proper design and integration of such systems, there is the need for a simulation framework that is reliable and computationally convenient. In the present paper, the implementation of a dynamic model for adsorption systems is presented, which includes different components (adsorber, phase changer, sorption materials) and is structured as a library. Modelica language and the commercial software Dymola® are used for the analysis. Data for different heat exchangers and working pairs are calibrated using experimental results and the calibrated model is subsequently used for the design of an adsorber based on a plate heat exchanger for thermal energy storage applications. The results proved that the model is fast and can reproduce experimental results with good accuracy, thus being a useful tool for the design and optimization of the different components of sorption systems.
V. Palomba; S. Nowak; B. Dawoud; A. Frazzica. Dynamic modelling of Adsorption systems: a comprehensive calibrateddataset for heat pump and storage applications. Journal of Energy Storage 2020, 33, 102148 .
AMA StyleV. Palomba, S. Nowak, B. Dawoud, A. Frazzica. Dynamic modelling of Adsorption systems: a comprehensive calibrateddataset for heat pump and storage applications. Journal of Energy Storage. 2020; 33 ():102148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Palomba; S. Nowak; B. Dawoud; A. Frazzica. 2020. "Dynamic modelling of Adsorption systems: a comprehensive calibrateddataset for heat pump and storage applications." Journal of Energy Storage 33, no. : 102148.
Sorption devices are important tools for the efficient utilization of fuels and waste heat. Amid a tremendous diversity of cycles and applications, all sorption systems have an equilibrium vapor pressure that depends on the sorbent temperature and composition. The vapor pressure properties of working fluids are reported in the literature in a variety of ways, which impedes wide-ranging cross comparisons or screening studies for novel applications. This work compiles equilibrium vapor pressure properties for 123 liquid absorbents with 31 absorbates and 139 solid adsorbents with 16 adsorbates. The adsorption pairs are represented with six functional forms. Most of the absorption pairs are represented with 10 functional forms, plus several that are represented with custom empirical equations. Because the functional forms used in the literature vary widely, in this work each functional form was generalized. This paper is designed to facilitate comparisons of working fluid properties for screening studies, provide a quick reference to existing research, and present a framework for standardizing the reportage of vapor pressure equilibrium data for existing and future working pairs.
Zhiyao Yang; Kyle R. Gluesenkamp; Andrea Frazzica. Equilibrium vapor pressure properties for absorbent and adsorbent materials. International Journal of Refrigeration 2020, 124, 134 -166.
AMA StyleZhiyao Yang, Kyle R. Gluesenkamp, Andrea Frazzica. Equilibrium vapor pressure properties for absorbent and adsorbent materials. International Journal of Refrigeration. 2020; 124 ():134-166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhiyao Yang; Kyle R. Gluesenkamp; Andrea Frazzica. 2020. "Equilibrium vapor pressure properties for absorbent and adsorbent materials." International Journal of Refrigeration 124, no. : 134-166.
The energy demand of industries accounts for about 30–35% of world yearly energy consumption, a relevant percentage is due to the need of heating and cooling demand. Solar heating and cooling technologies can be integrated in industrial processes to reduce the fossil fuels consumption as well as the related greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reports the experimental analysis of a novel hybrid sorption-compression chiller for cooling and refrigeration purposes in cascade layout, which uses silica gel/water for the sorption cycle and a low Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerant, i.e. propylene for the compression cycle. The experimental results highlighted the flexibility of the system in terms of performances and operating conditions, these were compared to the theoretical performances and it was found out that electricity energy savings from 15% to 25% can be achieved when using the hybrid system over a compression one with the same cooling capacity. The results were converted in performance maps and processed in a statistical model, in order to get a simplified expression for determining the overall performances of the hybrid system through variables that could be measured by a final user, such as the operating temperatures. Optimization strategies were identified for a further enhancement of the performance of the chiller, i.e. the reduction of the electricity consumption, by controlling the intermediate temperature (evaporation temperature of the sorption chiller) through sorption cycle management and the use of variable speed of the pumps in all the circuits to reduce the parasitic consumption especially at low part loads.
Giuseppe E. Dino; Valeria Palomba; Eliza Nowak; Andrea Frazzica. Experimental characterization of an innovative hybrid thermal-electric chiller for industrial cooling and refrigeration application. Applied Energy 2020, 281, 116098 .
AMA StyleGiuseppe E. Dino, Valeria Palomba, Eliza Nowak, Andrea Frazzica. Experimental characterization of an innovative hybrid thermal-electric chiller for industrial cooling and refrigeration application. Applied Energy. 2020; 281 ():116098.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuseppe E. Dino; Valeria Palomba; Eliza Nowak; Andrea Frazzica. 2020. "Experimental characterization of an innovative hybrid thermal-electric chiller for industrial cooling and refrigeration application." Applied Energy 281, no. : 116098.
The development of renewable energy sources (RES) to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals of a 100% RES-based energy system has driven a lot of research on batteries for electric vehicles and stationary applications, to further support the RES penetration. Batteries are strongly linked to the thermal conditions at which they operate, therefore the study and adequate implementation of a correct thermal management of batteries is essential for their better deployment and use. But this is a relatively new research topic with growing interest in recent years. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of battery thermal management systems to understand the trends, assess the state-of-the-art, and identify research gaps. Results show that most research is carried out in lithium-ion batteries, and that the thermal managements systems studied are air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase change materials as passive systems or in combination with air and liquid cooling ones. The biggest research gaps are the lack of studies on other battery types and a clear comparison among these kinds of thermal management systems.
Luisa F. Cabeza; Andrea Frazzica; Marta Chàfer; David Vérez; Valeria Palomba. Research trends and perspectives of thermal management of electric batteries: Bibliometric analysis. Journal of Energy Storage 2020, 32, 101976 .
AMA StyleLuisa F. Cabeza, Andrea Frazzica, Marta Chàfer, David Vérez, Valeria Palomba. Research trends and perspectives of thermal management of electric batteries: Bibliometric analysis. Journal of Energy Storage. 2020; 32 ():101976.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuisa F. Cabeza; Andrea Frazzica; Marta Chàfer; David Vérez; Valeria Palomba. 2020. "Research trends and perspectives of thermal management of electric batteries: Bibliometric analysis." Journal of Energy Storage 32, no. : 101976.
The use of adsorbent heat pumps as heating and cooling systems is particularly relevant thanks to their ability to exploit low-grade heat (e.g., below 90 °C) from renewable energy sources and waste energy streams with prospective applications in several fields, e.g., industrial and residential. Their development began in the 20th century and is still in full evolution. The great interest in their improvement and optimization was determined by some key factors inherent to their sustainability compared to traditional refrigeration systems (e.g., low electricity consumption and the low environmental impact of the employed refrigerants). Recently, strong efforts have been dedicated to increasing the achievable heating/cooling power density of this technology through the development of innovative adsorbent coating technologies. Indeed, the deposition of thin coatings on the surface of the heat exchanger could reduce the heat transfer resistance existing on the adsorbent material side, thus increasing the overall adsorption dynamics. Three main approaches have been assessed, namely a thick consolidated bed, binder-based composite coatings and in situ directly crystallization coatings. This paper provides a brief overview of some of the main achievements related to adsorbent coating technology developments for adsorption heat pump applications.
Angela Caprì; Andrea Frazzica; Luigi Calabrese. Recent Developments in Coating Technologies for Adsorption Heat Pumps: A Review. Coatings 2020, 10, 855 .
AMA StyleAngela Caprì, Andrea Frazzica, Luigi Calabrese. Recent Developments in Coating Technologies for Adsorption Heat Pumps: A Review. Coatings. 2020; 10 (9):855.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngela Caprì; Andrea Frazzica; Luigi Calabrese. 2020. "Recent Developments in Coating Technologies for Adsorption Heat Pumps: A Review." Coatings 10, no. 9: 855.
The lack of robust and low-cost sorbent materials still represents a formidable technological barrier for long-term storage of (renewable) thermal energy and more generally for Adsorptive Heat Transformations—AHT. In this work, we introduce a novel approach for synthesizing cement-based composite sorbent materials. In fact, considering the number of available hygrosopic salts that can be accommodated into a cementitious matrix—whose morphological properties can be also fine-tuned—the new proposed in situ synthesis paves the way to the generation of an entire new class of possible sorbents for AHT. Here, solely focusing on magnesium sulfate in a class G cement matrix, we show preliminary morphological, mechanical and calorimetric characterization of sub-optimal material samples. Our analysis enables us to theoretically estimate one of the most important figures of merit for the considered applications, namely the energy density which was found to range within 0.088–0.2 GJ/m3 (for the best tested sample) under reasonable operating conditions for space heating applications and temperate climate. The above estimates are found to be lower than other composite materials in the literature. Nonetheless, although no special material optimization has been implemented, our samples already compare favourably with most of the known materials in terms of specific cost of stored energy. Finally, an interesting aspect is found in the ageing tests under water sorption-desorption cycling, where a negligible variation in the adsorption capability is demonstrated after over one-hundred cycles.
Luca Lavagna; Davide Burlon; Roberto Nisticò; Vincenza Brancato; Andrea Frazzica; Matteo Pavese; Eliodoro Chiavazzo. Cementitious composite materials for thermal energy storage applications: a preliminary characterization and theoretical analysis. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -13.
AMA StyleLuca Lavagna, Davide Burlon, Roberto Nisticò, Vincenza Brancato, Andrea Frazzica, Matteo Pavese, Eliodoro Chiavazzo. Cementitious composite materials for thermal energy storage applications: a preliminary characterization and theoretical analysis. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Lavagna; Davide Burlon; Roberto Nisticò; Vincenza Brancato; Andrea Frazzica; Matteo Pavese; Eliodoro Chiavazzo. 2020. "Cementitious composite materials for thermal energy storage applications: a preliminary characterization and theoretical analysis." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-13.
Evaporation of water at sub-atmospheric pressures, close to its triple point, is gaining attention for the wide range of engineering applications. However, the mechanism and boiling regimes are still not completely clear and a correlation between operating conditions, geometric features of the evaporator and achievable heat transfer is still missing. In this context, the present paper aims at the study of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger working as an evaporator in the pressure range of 1–7 kPa. The experimental study analyses the effect of the main operating parameters (temperature of the heat transfer fluid, superheat, inclination of the heat exchanger) and attempts to find correlations suitable for the engineering design of evaporator under the investigated conditions. The results allowed the identification of the main factors influencing the heat transfer, i.e. the temperature of the heat transfer fluid and, secondarily, the logarithmic mean temperature difference, as well as the derivation of expressions that correlate the evaporation power and the heat transfer coefficients with operating conditions.
Valeria Palomba; Andrea Frazzica. Experimental study of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger working as evaporator in subatmospheric conditions. Applied Thermal Engineering 2020, 175, 115336 .
AMA StyleValeria Palomba, Andrea Frazzica. Experimental study of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger working as evaporator in subatmospheric conditions. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2020; 175 ():115336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Palomba; Andrea Frazzica. 2020. "Experimental study of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger working as evaporator in subatmospheric conditions." Applied Thermal Engineering 175, no. : 115336.
The decarbonization of the building sector cannot preclude from the vast diffusion of renewable-sourced polygeneration systems for covering both heating and cooling demand. In this context, this study shows the potentialities of a system based on solar thermal collectors, a biomass boiler and an innovative reversible hybrid heat pump/ORC concept for addressing heating, cooling and domestic hot water demand of residential buildings. The potential is investigated in three cities (Madrid, Berlin and Helsinki), representative of the different European climates. The share of renewables in different seasons and building typologies is presented and the possibility of obtaining a 100% renewable system when the solution proposed is installed in new and renovated buildings is discussed. The results show that in standard multi-family houses, up to 70% of heating demand and 100% of cooling demand can be covered by the system in warmer climates and up to 60% share of renewables can be reached in Northern climates. Moreover, the flexible configuration of the system shows the potential for the application in the future energy system of the EU.
Valeria Palomba; Emiliano Borri; Antonios Charalampidis; Andrea Frazzica; Luisa F. Cabeza; Sotirios Karellas. Implementation of a solar-biomass system for multi-family houses: Towards 100% renewable energy utilization. Renewable Energy 2020, 166, 190 -209.
AMA StyleValeria Palomba, Emiliano Borri, Antonios Charalampidis, Andrea Frazzica, Luisa F. Cabeza, Sotirios Karellas. Implementation of a solar-biomass system for multi-family houses: Towards 100% renewable energy utilization. Renewable Energy. 2020; 166 ():190-209.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Palomba; Emiliano Borri; Antonios Charalampidis; Andrea Frazzica; Luisa F. Cabeza; Sotirios Karellas. 2020. "Implementation of a solar-biomass system for multi-family houses: Towards 100% renewable energy utilization." Renewable Energy 166, no. : 190-209.
The thermal masses of components influence the performance of many adsorption heat pump systems. However, typically when experimental adsorption systems are reported, data on thermal mass are missing or incomplete. This work provides original measurements of the thermal masses for experimental sorption heat exchanger hardware. Much of this hardware was previously reported in the literature, but without detailed thermal mass data. The data reported in this work are the first values reported in the literature to thoroughly account for all thermal masses, including heat transfer fluid. The impact of thermal mass on system performance is also discussed, with detailed calculation left for future work. The degree to which heat transfer fluid contributes to overall effective thermal mass is also discussed, with detailed calculation left for future work. This work provides a framework for future reporting of experimental thermal masses. The utilization of this framework will enrich the data available for model validation and provide a more thorough accounting of adsorption heat pumps.
Kyle R. Gluesenkamp; Andrea Frazzica; Andreas Velte; Steven Metcalf; Zhiyao Yang; Mina Rouhani; Corey Blackman; Ming Qu; Eric Laurenz; Angeles Rivero-Pacho; Sam Hinmers; Robert Critoph; Majid Bahrami; Gerrit Füldner; Ingemar Hallin. Experimentally Measured Thermal Masses of Adsorption Heat Exchangers. Energies 2020, 13, 1150 .
AMA StyleKyle R. Gluesenkamp, Andrea Frazzica, Andreas Velte, Steven Metcalf, Zhiyao Yang, Mina Rouhani, Corey Blackman, Ming Qu, Eric Laurenz, Angeles Rivero-Pacho, Sam Hinmers, Robert Critoph, Majid Bahrami, Gerrit Füldner, Ingemar Hallin. Experimentally Measured Thermal Masses of Adsorption Heat Exchangers. Energies. 2020; 13 (5):1150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyle R. Gluesenkamp; Andrea Frazzica; Andreas Velte; Steven Metcalf; Zhiyao Yang; Mina Rouhani; Corey Blackman; Ming Qu; Eric Laurenz; Angeles Rivero-Pacho; Sam Hinmers; Robert Critoph; Majid Bahrami; Gerrit Füldner; Ingemar Hallin. 2020. "Experimentally Measured Thermal Masses of Adsorption Heat Exchangers." Energies 13, no. 5: 1150.
The efficient utilization of renewable energy sources should rely on the exploitation of a mix of thermal and electric energy rather than relying on a single energy source. One way to apply this shared generation concept to space heating/cooling and refrigeration in both residential and industrial sector is through hybrid sorption-compression chillers. However, the experience on these systems is still limited and therefore their design and optimization require some efforts. Starting from the experimental experience on the testing of different hybrid cascade chillers, and integrating the measurement with a dynamic model, some considerations on the sizing, design and optimization of hybrid thermal-electric chillers are reported. In particular, design conditions of pre-commercial or commercial systems are evaluated and optimization at different levels is proposed, i.e. on the core components (through the proper design of relative capacities of the units in the cascade and through proper selection of the refrigerant), on the auxiliaries, to reduce their electricity consumption, and on the overall management of the hybrid chiller. Results demonstrated that the higher is the operating temperature lift between evaporator and condenser the higher are the achievable energy savings of a cascade chiller.
Valeria Palomba; Giuseppe E. Dino; Andrea Frazzica. Coupling sorption and compression chillers in hybrid cascade layout for efficient exploitation of renewables: Sizing, design and optimization. Renewable Energy 2020, 154, 11 -28.
AMA StyleValeria Palomba, Giuseppe E. Dino, Andrea Frazzica. Coupling sorption and compression chillers in hybrid cascade layout for efficient exploitation of renewables: Sizing, design and optimization. Renewable Energy. 2020; 154 ():11-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Palomba; Giuseppe E. Dino; Andrea Frazzica. 2020. "Coupling sorption and compression chillers in hybrid cascade layout for efficient exploitation of renewables: Sizing, design and optimization." Renewable Energy 154, no. : 11-28.
In this study, the definition of a new methodology for a preliminary evaluation of the working boundary conditions under which a seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) system operates is described. The approach starts by considering the building features as well as the reference heating system in terms of solar thermal collectors’ technology, ambient heat sinks/source, and space heating distribution systems employed. Furthermore, it is based on a deep climatic analysis of the place where the STES needs to be installed, to identify both winter and summer operating conditions. In particular, the STES energy density is evaluated considering different space heating demands covered by the STES (ranging from 10% up to 60%). The obtained results demonstrate that this approach allows for the careful estimation of the achievable STES density, which is varies significantly both with the space heating coverage guaranteed by the STES as well as with the ambient heat source/sink that is employed in the system. This confirms the need for careful preliminary analysis to avoid the overestimation of the STES material volume. The proposed approach was then applied for different climatic conditions (e.g., Germany and Sweden) and the volume of one of the most attractive composite sorbent materials reported in the literature, i.e., multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-LiCl, using water as the working fluid, needed for covering the variable space heating demand in a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) was calculated. In the case of Swedish buildings, it ranges from about 3.5 m3 when 10% of the space heating demand is provided by the STES, up to 11.1 m3 when 30% of the space heating demand is provided by the STES.
Andrea Frazzica; Vincenza Brancato; Belal Dawoud. Unified Methodology to Identify the Potential Application of Seasonal Sorption Storage Technology. Energies 2020, 13, 1037 .
AMA StyleAndrea Frazzica, Vincenza Brancato, Belal Dawoud. Unified Methodology to Identify the Potential Application of Seasonal Sorption Storage Technology. Energies. 2020; 13 (5):1037.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Frazzica; Vincenza Brancato; Belal Dawoud. 2020. "Unified Methodology to Identify the Potential Application of Seasonal Sorption Storage Technology." Energies 13, no. 5: 1037.
Salt hydrates, such as MgSO4∙7H2O, are considered attractive materials for thermal energy storage, thanks to their high theoretical storage density. However, pure salt hydrates present some challenges in real application due to agglomeration, corrosion and swelling problems during hydration/dehydration cycles. In order to overcome these limitations, a composite material based on silicone vapor-permeable foam filled with the salt hydrate is here presented. For its characterization, a real-time in situ environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) investigation was carried out in controlled temperature and humidity conditions. The specific set-up was proposed as an innovative method in order to evaluate the morphological evolution of the composite material during the hydrating and dehydrating stages of the salt. The results evidenced an effective micro-thermal stability of the material. Furthermore, dehydration thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetric (TG/DSC) analysis confirmed the improved reactivity of the realized composite foam compared to pure MgSO4∙7H2O.
Elpida Piperopoulos; Luigi Calabrese; Paolo Bruzzaniti; Vincenza Brancato; Valeria Palomba; Angela Caprì; Andrea Frazzica; Luisa F. Cabeza; Edoardo Proverbio; Candida Milone. Morphological and Structural Evaluation of Hydration/Dehydration Stages of MgSO4 Filled Composite Silicone Foam for Thermal Energy Storage Applications. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 453 .
AMA StyleElpida Piperopoulos, Luigi Calabrese, Paolo Bruzzaniti, Vincenza Brancato, Valeria Palomba, Angela Caprì, Andrea Frazzica, Luisa F. Cabeza, Edoardo Proverbio, Candida Milone. Morphological and Structural Evaluation of Hydration/Dehydration Stages of MgSO4 Filled Composite Silicone Foam for Thermal Energy Storage Applications. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (2):453.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElpida Piperopoulos; Luigi Calabrese; Paolo Bruzzaniti; Vincenza Brancato; Valeria Palomba; Angela Caprì; Andrea Frazzica; Luisa F. Cabeza; Edoardo Proverbio; Candida Milone. 2020. "Morphological and Structural Evaluation of Hydration/Dehydration Stages of MgSO4 Filled Composite Silicone Foam for Thermal Energy Storage Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2: 453.
Salt hydrates are an appealing option to be used as sorption materials in thermal energy storage (TES). In this work, strontium bromide and magnesium sulphate have been selected as one of the most promising salt hydrates since they present high energy storage density (>130 kWh/m3) and efficiency (>20%). One of the main drawbacks of sorption materials rely on control the hydratation-dehydratation process but there are other parameters that can modify this behaviour as the corrosive potential of these salts in contact with the container material selected for the application. Hence, four different metal container materials, specifically stainless steel, copper, aluminium, and carbon steel have been tested in SrBr2·6H2O and MgSO4·7H2O hydrate salts, during 100 h at dehydratation conditions. After the gravimetric and micrograph analysis carried out via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study, only carbon steel is not recommended for this application in contact with SrBr2·6H2O, obtaining a corrosion rate of 0.038 mm/year, with a metallographic corrosion layer thickness of 25.2 μm. Aluminium, copper and stainless steel showed a better corrosion resistance also in SrBr2·6H2O and MgSO4·7H2O with corrosion rates below 0.008 mm/year.
Angel G. Fernández; Margalida Fullana; Luigi Calabrese; Valeria Palomba; Andrea Frazzica; Luisa F. Cabeza. Corrosion assessment of promising hydrated salts as sorption materials for thermal energy storage systems. Renewable Energy 2020, 150, 428 -434.
AMA StyleAngel G. Fernández, Margalida Fullana, Luigi Calabrese, Valeria Palomba, Andrea Frazzica, Luisa F. Cabeza. Corrosion assessment of promising hydrated salts as sorption materials for thermal energy storage systems. Renewable Energy. 2020; 150 ():428-434.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngel G. Fernández; Margalida Fullana; Luigi Calabrese; Valeria Palomba; Andrea Frazzica; Luisa F. Cabeza. 2020. "Corrosion assessment of promising hydrated salts as sorption materials for thermal energy storage systems." Renewable Energy 150, no. : 428-434.