The osseo-ligamentous lumbopelvic complex is essential for musculoskeletal load transfer, yet location-specific material data and standardized test protocols remain scarce, which is a hindrance for comparability. Based on 91 specimen locations per cadaver (five cadavers, average age: 77.3 years), we developed detailed methods for specimen preparation and mechanical testing (bending, tensile, and compression) with defined boundary conditions. Multiple measurements were taken to assess repeatability. The proposed methods allow us to identify location-specific properties of the lumbopelvic system for the first time. Cortical bone exhibited an elastic modulus of 1750 MPa and an ultimate strength of 28.2 MPa, while those of trabecular bone were 32.7 MPa and 1.26 MPa, and soft tissues revealed values of 148 MPa and 14.3 MPa for fascial tissue and 103 MPa with 10.7 MPa for ligamentous tissue, respectively. The quantified properties for cortical and trabecular bone and soft tissues not only enhance the comparability of material properties but also support more accurate numerical simulations and implant design. Furthermore, the ease of implementation and standardization of these methods enable their widespread application, as well as the accumulation of a broad database and the setting of benchmarks for future investigations.
This paper presents an experimental investigation of a demountable hybrid timber–carbon-reinforced concrete (CRC) wall system with a reversible mechanical connection detail based on embedded transport anchors, screwed steel angle brackets, and full-thread screws. The study addresses a wall concept in which a thin externally mounted CRC plate contributes to lateral load transfer through discrete reversible connection points rather than through a bonded or cast-in-place composite interface. Four full-scale wall specimens were tested under horizontal shear loading and a nominal vertical preload of in an adapted in-plane shear test arrangement. The maximum horizontal loads ranged from to , with a mean value of and a coefficient of variation of . For the three specimens with complete displacement records, the head displacement at maximum load ranged from to . The initial wall stiffness ranged from to , whereas the stiffness evaluated between and ranged from to . Normalized to the reference width of the tested configuration, the maximum horizontal load was to . Damage initiated locally in the CRC anchorage zones, especially at the corner anchors, and progressed from first cracking to local concrete spalling. The governing failure mode was local concrete failure in the anchorage zones, accompanied by deformation of the steel angle brackets, while no critical damage was observed in the timber joints. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the investigated reversible timber–CRC connection concept for transferring in-plane shear forces in the tested configuration, but further tests are required before general design recommendations can be derived.